Introduction
Most countries in the world have their own languages ??and characters, and their naming methods are also different. After translating these foreign names into Chinese, some interesting patterns or characteristics often appear. For example, people always jokingly say that Russia has a lot of "Ski" names. Experts say there is a lot of knowledge in it. Indeed, Russian surnames are very distinctive. The suffix of many people's surnames is "Ski" or "Hu". It is obvious that this is a suffix with a unified meaning. Su Shi's "Shi Cang Shu Zui Mo Tang" said: "Literacy in life When worries begin, it’s okay to write down names.” Let’s take a look at what they mean.
In fact, before about the 14th century AD, Russians did not have the current surnames. Later, some nobles added surnames to their names under the influence of European culture. It is for this reason that most of their surnames are based on the area where they live, in the form of "such and such fiefdom". For example, if a certain noble's fiefdom is in Smolensk, then His last name may have been "Smolensksky".
▲Russia
But there are also some nobles who are not satisfied with this surname method. They will choose some words with positive meanings as surnames to highlight their moral character. For example, "Dobrolubsky" means "good person". In addition to naming with words that show their moral character, due to religious beliefs, some people who belong to the Russian church class will also take their own church as their surname. For example, "Nikolsky" is a priest from the Nicholas Church. or its descendants.
In general, the ancestor of a person with a surname of "Ski" is likely to be a noble. But this situation is not absolutely the case, because after the fall of Tsarist Russia, the original serfdom system gradually disappeared. When some freed serfs were named, they would also add "Sri" after the surname of their original lord. base". For example, if a person is called "Dmidovsky", then he may be a descendant of Demidov's noble family, or he may be a serf from a certain family.
▲Farmers working in manor workshops
In the 19th century, Russian serfdom gradually disintegrated. Many civilians or serfs received surnames, and most of them just wanted to show who they were. Descendants, so most people use "Lov", "Luofu", etc. as surname suffixes, which means "descendants of XX". For example, the surname "Ivanov" may be a descendant of a certain "Ivan". Like some nobles, some people will also use certain good qualities as their surnames. For example, the most common surname in Russia is "Smirnov", which means "humble person".
In addition, there are also some Russians who use their occupation as a surname to indicate their identity on the one hand and their occupation on the other. For example, the miller is "Meknikov". There are also some people who are particularly fond of certain animals and use them in their surnames. For example, "Volkov" is a wolf, "Sokolov" is an eagle, "Sopolev" is a mink, etc.
▲Portraits of serfs in Tsarist Russia
Most of the names with the suffix "husband" come from the common people after the demise of the serfdom system in the 19th century, so the number of these surnames is far greater Higher than surnames ending with "Ski". When some ethnic minorities give themselves Russian names, they often add suffixes such as "Ov", "Yev", and "Lov" to their original surnames, so Russian surnames with "Hu" There are a lot of them
Now we can take a look at the surnames of some Russian celebrities, such as Russian President Vladimir Putin. The origin of this surname is actually the Russian word "Put" (which means "road" in Chinese). ”) with a nasal suffix, the surname “Putin” actually means “one who walks along the road.” If you follow the free translation, then Putin's surname is "Lu". And Medvedev's surname is very "Russian", which means "bear".
▲Putin Photos
In the Russian literary world, there are two great writers named Tolstoy, but this surname means "short and fat person". There is also a great writer, Maxim Gorky, whose name is actually a pseudonym, meaning "extreme bitterness", which fits Gorky's works very well.
Russia itself has gender differences in its part of speech, so the surname suffixes of Russian men and women are different, and their forms and pronunciations are also different. For example, for a surname with the suffix "Ski", the corresponding female surname has the suffix "Skaya", and the female surname corresponding to "husband" is "Wa". The surname of the woman corresponding to the surname "Putin" is "Putina". For example, Putin’s ex-wife is named Lyudmila Alekdrovna Putina.