Zhuge Liang: also known as Zhuge Kongming, Wolong, Fulong.
Zhuge Liang (181-October 8, 234), a native of Langya Yangdu, Xuzhou (now Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong Province), was the prime minister of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period, an outstanding politician, strategist, and diplomat. Writer, writer, calligrapher, inventor.
Zhuge Liang's representative works of prose include "The Master's Guide" and "The Book of Commandments". He invented the wooden cow and flowing horse, the Kongming lantern, etc., and modified the repeating crossbow, called the Zhuge repeating crossbow, which can fire ten arrows with one crossbow. Zhuge Liang "dedicated his life to death" and was a representative figure of loyal ministers and wise men in traditional Chinese culture.
Extended information:
According to the "Book of Wu" records: "The first Ge family was from the counties of Langya, and later moved to Yangdu; there was first a person named Ge in Yangdu , people at that time called him "Zhuge" because of his surname."
The translation of this classical Chinese text into vernacular is: Zhuge Liang's family's original surname was Ge, and he was from Langya County, but he later moved due to various reasons. They arrived at Yangdu County. Coincidentally, this county had the surname Ge before they came. In order to distinguish the two "Ge" surnames, his family changed their surname to the current compound surname Zhuge.
There is another saying about his family name. It is recorded in "Customs": "Ge Ying was General Chen She, and he was executed for his meritorious service. Emperor Xiaowen recorded it and made his grandson a prince of various counties. Because of this, "Bingshi Yan"
This sentence means that Ge Ying, who lived in the last years of the Qin Dynasty, was a general under Chen She, but he was wrongly accused and died. Then one of Ge Ying's descendants was killed by Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty. He was granted the title of Marquis of various counties. As soon as this person became famous, he wanted to show off the glory of his family, so they added "Zhu" in front of "Ge" and became Zhuge.
Baidu Encyclopedia—Zhuge Liang