What specific majors do Chinese language and literature majors include?
Reward points: 20 - Solution time: 2009-7-4 22:14
It is best to have a specific introduction, and whether the major in classical literature is considered this category? ?
Additional question: Your answer is very good, but it seems that none of the majors you mentioned are applicable, right? I remember that the only majors in the college entrance examination were "Chinese Language and Literature," which is commonly known as the Chinese Department. And the ancient Chinese literature, comparative literature and world literature, and modern and contemporary Chinese literature you mentioned are all required courses. So does this Chinese department count as a major in Chinese language and literature? You don't seem to have mentioned it. What's going on? I'm a little confused! ! !
If you can explain it clearly, I will help you add points, thank you! !
Asker: Shiluk - Level 2 best answer Chinese language and literature is what we generally call "Chinese". This subject seems very common and is closely related to our work and life. However, because it has many secondary subjects and research directions, and the majors and directions of each university are very different, it often makes many researchers confused. Friends have the feeling that "squandering flowers gradually becomes charming to the eyes". Because of this, before applying for the exam, it is very important to sort out the clues and grasp the major setup and distribution of Chinese as a first-level subject.
Chinese language and literature, as the name suggests, includes two major majors: language and literature. According to the division of subject categories by the Ministry of Education, it mainly includes linguistics and applied linguistics, Chinese language and philology, literature and art, Chinese classical philology, ancient Chinese literature, modern and contemporary Chinese literature, Chinese minority languages ??and literature, comparative literature and There are 8 secondary disciplines in world literature, and each secondary discipline is divided into several research directions. Of course, specific to each school, these eight secondary disciplines may not necessarily set up master's degree programs; the division of research directions is also established by different departments based on their own scientific research conditions and faculty strength, which can be said to be "different." What are the characteristics and differences between these "similar-looking" disciplines are introduced one by one below.
Linguistics and Applied Linguistics
Professional Introduction: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics focuses on languages ??in China, analyzing and summarizing the genetic relationships and inherent laws of human language. . This discipline can be divided into two major parts: theoretical linguistics and applied linguistics. Theoretical linguistics tends to theoretical research, exploring the temporal structure and historical evolution rules of the pronunciation, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics of a specific language; applications; Linguistics generally refers to applied interdisciplinary subjects resulting from the application of linguistic theories or methods in other fields and disciplines, such as corpus linguistics, legal linguistics, instructional linguistics, etc., which are more practical. Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language is a branch of applied linguistics in some universities.
Research directions: theoretical linguistics, applied linguistics, sociolinguistics and dialectology, language information processing, language testing, cultural linguistics, phonetics, teaching Chinese as a foreign language, etc.
Courses studied: History of Chinese Linguistics, Introduction to Linguistics, Research on Language Variation, Language and Culture, History of Chinese Linguistics, Linguistic Statistics, Chinese Dialectology, Semantics, Sociolinguistics, Experimental Phonetics Studies, special studies on grammar, special studies on rhetoric, linguistic studies, phonological exegesis, teaching Chinese as a foreign language, etc.
Bibliography: "Outline of Linguistics" by Ye Feisheng and Xu Tongqiang, Peking University Press; "Introduction to Linguistics" by Gao Mingkai and Shi Anshi, Zhonghua Book Company; "Course of General Linguistics" by Saussure, Commercial Press; "Ancient Chinese" edited by Wang Li, Zhonghua Book Company; "Modern Chinese" Huang Borong, Liao Xudong, Higher Education Press.
Employment prospects: Most of them are engaged in teaching, research, training, etc. in universities, scientific research institutions, Chinese language training institutions, news and publishing institutions, middle schools, and state agencies.
Recommended institutions: Beijing Language and Culture University, Peking University, Nanjing Normal University, Shanghai Normal University, Nanjing University, Beijing Broadcasting University, Shanghai International Studies University, Xi'an International Studies University, etc.
Popularity of application: ★★★★
Nowadays, there is a shortage of millions of talents for teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and there is still a rising trend. Various colleges and universities have successively opened linguistics and applied linguistics. Professional, and also added the direction of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, the popularity of applications can be seen from this. The number of applicants for Beijing Normal University in 2007 reached 891, a record high, and the admission ratio is generally less than 10.
Chinese Philology
Professional Introduction: Chinese Philology is a traditional language discipline, divided into two general directions: modern Chinese and ancient Chinese. It includes traditional philology, phonology, exegesis, as well as a series of disciplines such as modern Chinese character studies, Chinese phonetics, grammar, semantics, pragmatics, and rhetoric. It mainly studies the spoken system and language of Chinese from ancient times to modern times. The evolution rules, structural characteristics and actual situation of the writing system. Modern Chinese focuses on the study of modern Mandarin and dialects, and is closely related to linguistics and applied linguistics; ancient Chinese focuses on the study of ancient characters (oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, official script, etc.), ancient phonology, exegesis, vocabulary, etc., and is closely related to historical philology and archaeology. It is closely related to ancient literature.
Research directions: Chinese dialects, Chinese history, Chinese lexicon, modern Chinese grammar and rhetoric, phonological exegesis, medieval Chinese lexicon and grammar, Chinese phonetics, history of Chinese development, Chinese character information processing, teaching Chinese as a foreign language, etc. .
Courses studied: Ancient Chinese grammar, history of Chinese phonetics, phonology, exegesis, philology, Chinese rhetoric, linguistic theory, modern Chinese grammar, history of Chinese linguistics, Chinese historical materials , special research on dialects, special research on lexicon, etc.
Bibliography: "Modern Chinese", Huang Borong, Liao Xudong, Higher Education Press; "Ancient Chinese", Guo Xiliang, The Commercial Press; "Issues in Chinese Grammar Analysis" Lu Shuxiang, The Commercial Press; "Rhetoric" "Fa Fan" Chen Wangdao, Shanghai Education Press; "Outline of Philology" Qiu Xigui, The Commercial Press; "Shuowen Jiezi" Xu Shen, Zhonghua Book Company.
Employment prospects: Generally employed in colleges and universities, national cultural publishing departments, middle schools, Chinese language training institutions, etc.
Recommended institutions: Fudan University, Peking University, Beijing Normal University, Shanghai Normal University, Beijing Language and Culture University, Northeast Normal University, Hunan Normal University, etc.
Popularity of application: ★★★
As a traditional basic subject with a long history, it has an outstanding professional nature, many famous teachers from famous schools, good prospects for employment and further study, and graduates can enter the field after graduation. The possibility of enrolling in colleges and universities is relatively high, and the number of applicants has been very stable over the years.
Literary Studies
Professional Introduction: Literary Studies, also called Literature Studies, is a discipline that studies the nature, characteristics, occurrence and development rules of literature, and provides guidance for literary practice. The research scope of literature and art is very wide, including literary theory, literary criticism, literary phenomena, literary history, etc. Today's researchers have also turned their perspective to the emerging and dynamic aspects of cultural studies. This major is closely related to philosophy and is highly theoretical and speculative.
Research directions: literary theory, literary aesthetics, literary criticism, culture and poetics, Western literary theory, Chinese and Western comparative poetics, Chinese classical poetics, history of Chinese literary criticism, etc.
Courses studied: Methods and systems of literature and art, Western classical aesthetics, Western modern and contemporary aesthetics, special research on the history of ancient Chinese aesthetics, psychology of literature and art, methodology of literature and art, research on Marxist-Leninist literary and artistic trends, form Aesthetics, Western literature and cultural theory, Chinese poetics research, contemporary anthropological aesthetics, modern Chinese literary criticism, etc.
Bibliography: "Literary Theory Tutorial (Revised Edition)" Tong Qingbing, Higher Education Press; "History of Western Aesthetics (Part 1 and 2)" Zhu Guangqian, People's Literature Publishing House; "Selected Works on Western Literary Theory" Wu Lifu and Hu Jingzhi, Peking University Press; "Aesthetics" by Zhu Liyuan, Higher Education Press; "Outline of the History of Chinese Aesthetics" by Ye Lang, Shanghai People's Publishing House.
Employment prospects: Most of them will enter cultural institutions and news media units, and engage in literary criticism, editing, publicity planning, etc.
Recommended institutions: Beijing Normal University, Zhejiang University, Fudan University, Renmin University of China, Shandong University, Nanjing University, Peking University, Capital Normal University, etc.
Popularity of applications: ★★
The literature and art major is not very popular among literature majors due to its strong theoretical nature and abstract subject content. Most candidates choose this major out of interest and hobbies, so although the number of applicants is not large, it is a gathering of elites. At the same time, due to the small number of students enrolled in each institution, the admission ratio is usually around 15%.
Chinese Classical Philology
Professional Introduction: Chinese Classical Philology aims to organize and study ancient Chinese classics and promote traditional culture. As an independent discipline, Chinese classical philology is very "young", with a development history of only more than 20 years. This major is mainly dedicated to the research and compilation of ancient Chinese classics, such as the proofreading, annotation, compilation, and compilation of collections of literary works and collections of writers from past dynasties, compilation and research of basic historical materials of writers and works, writing biographies of writers, and chronicles of literary activities. , year of works, writing skills, description and textual research of the evolution of genres, etc.
Research directions: Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties literary documents, Tang and Song literary documents, Yuan, Ming and Qing literary documents, etc.
Courses studied: ancient book hermeneutics, ancient book editions, ancient book compilation practice, ancient book research, history of Chinese bibliography, classical document morphology, ancient book textual research, ancient book forgery, and collection of lost ancient books Science, ancient book compilation, ancient book retrieval, etc.
Bibliography: "Chinese Ancient Philology" Sun Qinshan, Peking University Press; "Outline of Chinese History" Jian Bozan, People's Publishing House; "Philology" Wang Xinfu, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House; "China "History of Literature" You Guoen, People's Literature Publishing House; "Outline of Philology" Du Zexun, Zhonghua Book Company.
Employment prospects: You can enter universities, scientific research institutions, publishing houses, libraries, cultural industries and other related departments to engage in classical literature research and teaching.
Recommended institutions: Peking University, Nanjing University, Beijing Normal University, Fudan University, Central China Normal University, Shandong University, Northeast Normal University, Nankai University, East China Normal University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shanghai Normal University, Wuhan University etc.
Popularity of application: ★
Chinese classical literature is highly professional, the research content is relatively obscure, and employment is subject to certain restrictions. And the number of applicants has always been small. Most of the applicants are candidates who are interested in this field. Most of their master's programs are located in graduate schools, so the number of applicants every year is relatively small.
Ancient Chinese Literature
Professional Introduction: Ancient Chinese literature is the most charming part of Chinese traditional culture. This major takes the history of the development of ancient literature, the evolution of literary genres, the works of writers of past dynasties, literary schools, literary phenomena, classics, literary theory, and the relationship between the past and the future in literature in various periods as its research objects. Therefore, candidates are required to have a certain foundation in ancient prose and understanding of the past. The ability to appreciate literary works and be familiar with the development of literature in a certain historical stage.
Research directions: Pre-Qin and Han literature, Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang literature, Song and Yuan literature, Ming and Qing and modern literature, history of split literature, ancient literary theory, etc.
Courses studied: Study of scholasticism, study of the Book of Songs, study of Chu Ci, study of historical records, study of Du Shi, literary history of pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, evolution of poetry in the Six Dynasties, study of Tang Dynasty literature, study of Song Dynasty literature, Yuan and Ming Dynasty History of Qing novels, research on modern literature, academic methods of modern scholars, history of Chinese drama, historical materials of ancient Chinese literature, history of Chinese literary criticism, etc.
Bibliography: "History of Chinese Literature" edited by Yuan Xingpei, Higher Education Press; "History of Chinese Literature" edited by You Guoen and others, People's Literature Publishing House; "Ancient Chinese" Wang Li, Zhonghua Book Company; "China's Historical Dynasties" "Selected Literary Works" edited by Zhu Dongrun, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House; "Selected Chinese Ancient Literary Works" edited by Luo Zongqiang and Chen Hong, edited by Higher Education Press.
Employment prospects: The "Chinese Studies craze" that has emerged in recent years has revitalized the ancient Chinese literature major. This major has a large number of students, and most of its graduates are engaged in teaching, cultural promotion, academic research, news, publishing, editing, etc. aspects of work.
Recommended institutions: Fudan University, Peking University, Nanjing University, Nanjing Normal University, Nankai University, Sun Yat-sen University, Suzhou University, Capital Normal University, Sichuan University, etc.
Popularity of application: ★★★★
Many graduate students majoring in ancient literature believe that they choose this major because of interest rather than its practical value. In fact, judging from the situation in recent years, interest in ancient literature seems to have become the orientation of the entire society. This has made the ancient literature major, which was originally stable, increasingly popular. In 2007, the admission ratio of Peking University was as high as 3:100.
Chinese Modern and Contemporary Literature
Major Introduction: The Chinese Modern and Contemporary Literature major focuses on the close integration of academic research and practical issues. It mainly re-examines literary theories and literary trends since the 20th century, conducts in-depth research on the historical development, ideological changes, literary groups, and writers' works of modern and contemporary literature, and explores the relationship between literature and local culture, enlightenment culture, and political ideology. With a broad vision, combined with emerging research methods, we place traditional literary research in the ever-increasing process of "modernization" and "globalization" to understand and respond to the great changes in contemporary society. new literary and cultural issues. Modern and contemporary Chinese literature at Peking University and Nanjing University is a national key discipline.
Research directions: modern Chinese literature, contemporary Chinese literature, children's literature, drama, film and television literature, science fiction literature, folk literature, contemporary culture and literary research, twentieth-century Chinese literary trends, modern and contemporary Chinese literature and vernacular Culture etc.
Courses studied: History of Chinese Literature in the 20th Century, History of Modern Chinese Thought and Culture, History of Modern Chinese Literary Criticism, Historical Materials of Modern Chinese Literature, Theory of Modern Chinese Writers, Debates in Modern Chinese Literature, Modern Taiwan and Hong Kong Literature History, history of modern and contemporary literary trends, introduction to literary classics, general introduction to contemporary literature, special topics on various contemporary literatures, etc.
Bibliography: "Literary Theory Tutorial (Revised Edition)" Tong Qingbing, Higher Education Press; "History of Chinese Literature" Yuan Xingpei, Higher Education Press; "Thirty Years of Modern Chinese Literature" Qian Liqun, etc. Author, Peking University Press; "A Brief History of New China Literature", edited by Liu Xiqing, Beijing Normal University Press; "History of Contemporary Chinese Literature", Hong Zicheng, Peking University Press.
Employment prospects: Generally working in enterprises, institutions of higher learning, cultural units, and news and publishing organizations.
Recommended institutions: Peking University, Fudan University, Nanjing University, Renmin University, Beijing Normal University, Central China Normal University, Sun Yat-sen University, East China Normal University, Shanghai University, Henan University, Central Academy of Drama, etc.
Popularity of applications: ★★★★
Modern and contemporary literature has a large number of students, has a strong sense of the times, and covers a short period of time, making it easy to get started and review, making it the first choice for many cross-study candidates. . In addition, there is broad space for further study in this major, and the number of applicants for this major has always been high. The situation has been particularly prominent in the past two years. In 2007, the admission ratios of Peking University, Nanjing University, and Beijing Normal University were 6, 9, and 7 respectively. This shows how popular it is.
Comparative Literature and World Literature
Professional Introduction: Comparative Literature and World Literature is a composite subject. Its research is based on absorbing the results of traditional world literature research, breaking the inherent disciplinary boundaries, integrating world literature, European and American literature into the overall global pattern, and promoting Chinese national culture. This major requires candidates to have a solid foundation in Chinese and foreign literature, a broad cultural vision, good foreign language skills, and the ability to proficiently read foreign literature.
Research directions: relations between Chinese and foreign literature, comparative literature and literary theory, research on world Chinese literature, foreign literature and translation studies, comparative literary theory, Western literature and Chinese and Western comparative literature, Eastern literature and Eastern comparative literature, comparison Poetics, European and American literature, foreign Chinese studies, etc.
Courses studied: Principles of Comparative Literature, Introduction to Comparative Literature, Special Study of Western Literary Theory, Study of Relations between Chinese and Foreign Literature, Special Study of Western Literature, Modern Chinese Literature and Foreign Literature, Chinese and Western Comparative Poetics, Chinese and Japanese Literature Research, comparative aesthetics, comparative literature and art, original works of British and American literature, comparative studies of Chinese and Western aesthetics, Chinese and foreign modern literature, modern Western literature, etc.
Bibliography: "Introduction to Comparative Literature" edited by Chen Dun and Liu Xiangyu, Beijing Normal University Press; "History of Foreign Literature (European and American Volume)" edited by Zhu Weizhi and others, Nankai University Press; "General History of Oriental Literature" "Wang Xiangyuan, editor-in-chief, Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House; "Literary Theory Tutorial (Revised Edition)" Tong Qingbing, Higher Education Press; "History of Chinese Literature" Yuan Xingpei, Higher Education Press.
Employment prospects: Mainly working in universities, scientific research institutions, news and publishing industries, foreign-related enterprises, etc.
Recommended institutions: Sichuan University, Peking University, Fudan University, Central China Normal University, Beijing Foreign Studies University, East China Normal University, Tianjin Normal University, etc.
Popularity of application: ★★★
The advantage of this major is reflected in its openness and openness, but the requirements for foreign languages ??are very high. The Department of Foreign Languages ??also has a similar major, which is more suitable for applicants who are interested in foreign literature research itself. Its application popularity has been stable and moderate.
Chinese Ethnic Minority Languages ??and Literatures
Professional Introduction: The major of Chinese Ethnic Minority Languages ??and Literatures aims to cultivate systematic knowledge of relevant ethnic minority languages ??and literatures and be able to work in ethnic minority education and cultural departments. Professional talents engaged in teaching, scientific research, translation, literary creation, journalism, etc. This major mainly studies the language and literature of relevant ethnic groups, understands relevant theories, development history, research status, etc., and receives training in the business abilities required for professional work. This major is highly regional and is only offered by a few universities.
Research directions: ethnic minority language research, ethnic minority literature research, ethnic minority literature research, research on China’s ethnic policies in the past dynasties, history of China’s ethnic minority relations, history of China’s ethnic minorities, Tibetan language and literature research, Uyghur Language research and application, document translation research, etc.
Courses studied: Introduction to Linguistics, Ancient Chinese, Modern Chinese, Introduction to Literature, History of Chinese Literature, History of Related National Languages, History of Related National Literatures, Related Modern Languages ??of Nationalities, Comparative Grammar between Chinese and National Languages, About national history, etc.
Employment prospects: Mainly employed in ethnic minority education and culture departments and related units.
Recommended institutions: Minzu University of China, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Nankai University, Sichuan University, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang Normal University, Northwest University for Nationalities, Tibet University, Sichuan Normal University, Inner Mongolia University, Guizhou University for Nationalities , Yunnan University for Nationalities, Southwest University for Nationalities, etc.
Popularity of application: ★
China’s ethnic minority languages ??and literature have distinctive characteristics and are professional in both language and literature. There are few colleges and universities and most of them are in the western region. Due to language restrictions, most of the applicants are local or ethnic candidates. Its academic research is highly professional and its enrollment is very limited, so the number of applicants is relatively small.
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Note: The "research direction", "courses studied" and "bibliography" mentioned in this article do not refer to a specific university. Colleges and Universities, instead, it combines the professional directions, curriculum and reference bibliographies of many prestigious universities. When choosing to apply, candidates need to check on the website of the relevant university to see whether there is a setting for the major and accurate bibliographies.
As mentioned above, the classical literature major is considered a Chinese language and literature major.
Additional answers to the questions:
Question: Your answer is very good, but it seems that none of the majors you mentioned are applicable, right? I remember that the only majors in the college entrance examination were "Chinese Language and Literature," which is commonly known as the Chinese Department. And the ancient Chinese literature, comparative literature and world literature, and modern and contemporary Chinese literature you mentioned are all required courses. So does this Chinese department count as a major in Chinese language and literature? You don't seem to have mentioned it. What's going on? I'm a little confused!
These majors are all postgraduate admissions majors in Chinese language and literature, and you can apply for the postgraduate entrance examination.
The Chinese language and literature majors in the college entrance examination include Chinese language and literature, Chinese linguistics, Chinese as a foreign language, etc. Let’s briefly talk about them.
Chinese language and literature is our general understanding of the Chinese language department, which emphasizes "literature". Students mainly learn the basic theories and basic knowledge of Chinese language and literature. The courses offered are aimed at cultivating talents with certain literary and artistic theoretical literacy and systematic knowledge of Chinese language and literature. If you learn this major well, you will be able to work in all walks of life.
Chinese language mainly studies the essence, characteristics, structure, function, origin and development rules of language. On the one hand, it is necessary to explore and summarize the thousands of years of civilization history of the Han nation, and on the other hand, it can also open up a path for the future development of the Chinese language. Due to the development of Chinese as a foreign language and Chinese information processing, especially the application of language research results in the field of information processing technology, the Chinese language major has developed rapidly in recent years.
Classical philology takes the ancient documents that have survived from ancient China as the research object, cultivating people with comprehensive and systematic knowledge of the arrangement of Chinese ancient books and classical philology, and being able to engage in practical work in the arrangement of ancient books, teaching and research of classical documents professionals in philology. Now, after a long development process of several thousand years, classical philology is rapidly moving towards the world.
China’s Ethnic Minority Languages ??and Literature program mainly cultivates students with comprehensive and systematic knowledge of ethnic minority languages ??and literature, and who can engage in teaching and research, editing, translation, journalism and literature on ethnic minority languages, characters, literature, and literature. Talent. As exchanges between various ethnic groups increase, maintaining the language and culture of the ethnic group has become a top priority.
Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language appeared after the 1980s. It specializes in cultivating teachers who have a deep foundation in Chinese language and culture and are proficient in English. They can engage in teaching Chinese as a foreign language at home and abroad in the future, or engage in cultural exchanges with foreign countries. Practical professionals. Teaching Chinese as a foreign language is a rising major. Today, with increasingly frequent foreign exchanges, there is a broad space for development.
Chinese language and culture emphasizes the word "culture", including all knowledge related to Chinese traditional culture. This major cultivates general language and culture talents who have a high level of Chinese, have comprehensive knowledge of China's national conditions and culture, have certain Chinese language and cultural literacy and preliminary research capabilities, and can skillfully use Chinese to carry out related work.
Applied linguistics is a marginal discipline that studies language and language teaching. It emerged at the end of the 19th century. Applied linguistics is based on linguistics, but is not limited to knowledge of language theory and language description. This discipline cultivates students with solid basic theories and systematic expertise in linguistics and applied linguistics, who can engage in scientific research in this major or related or similar disciplines, and who can master a foreign language and computer applications more proficiently. Talent. After graduation, students can engage in language teaching, especially teaching Chinese as a foreign language; they can also engage in related jobs in news, publishing, culture, party and government and other departments.
Among the above seven Chinese language and literature majors, only Chinese language and culture and applied linguistics have relatively few institutions and relatively small enrollments. For example, in applied linguistics, only Tsinghua University, Peking University, and Shanghai Normal University, Sichuan University, Southwest University for Nationalities and other few institutions have opened it, so they appear to be "lonely", while other brothers are all flourishing, providing a broad space for the majority of students to choose.
"Chinese Department" is the name of the department, not the name of the major. The majors offered by the Chinese Department are all Chinese language and literature majors.