3D animation production is a systematic and complicated process.
1. Pre-planning (script, modeling, storyboard)
1). Conceptual design-pre-production of professional animation process commonly used in the industry.
2). The content includes animation scenes, characters and props drawn according to the script.
3) Split-shot storyboard-the split-shot work actually made according to the creative script of the text; Hand-painted pictures construct pictures; Explain the movement of the lens; Tell the story to provide reference for the later three-dimensional production.
2. Medium-term production
4) 3D rough model —— In three-dimensional software, the modeler makes rough models of the scene, characters and props of the story, and prepares for the Layout.
5) 3D storyboard —— Using 3D rough model to make the layout according to the script and storyboard of the split mirror. It includes the knowledge of camera position arrangement, basic animation, lens time customization and so on.
6) 3D character model \3D scene \ prop model-According to the conceptual design and the comprehensive opinions of customers, producers and directors, the model is accurately made in 3D software, which is all the "actors" in the final animated film.
7) texture-according to the conceptual design and the comprehensive opinions of customers, producers and directors, it is an essential and important link in the animation production process to "make up" the 3D model and set the color, texture and texture.
8) Skeleton skinning-According to the story analysis, the models (mainly characters) that need animation in 3D are set up with some deformation and action drive before animation, so as to make preparations for the animators and provide animation solutions.
9) split-shot animation-referring to the script and split-shot storyboard, the animator will make the performance animation of each shot for the character or other objects that need to be animated according to the shots and time of the Layout.
1) lighting-according to the style orientation of the previous conceptual design, the lighting engineer illuminates the animation scene, describes it in detail, and adjusts the materials in detail to grasp the rendering atmosphere of each shot.
3. Post-production
11)3D special effects-according to specific stories, produced by special effects artists. Several practical production and expression methods of water, smoke, fog, fire and light effects in 3D software (maya).
12) Layered rendering/compositing-After animation and lighting are finished, the renderers render each shot file in layers according to the opinions of the post-compositor, and provide layers and channels for compositing.
13) dubbing soundtrack-required by script design, dubbed by a professional dubbing artist according to the lens, matched with appropriate background music and various sound effects according to the plot
14) editing-using the rendered images of each layer, the post-production personnel will synthesize a complete film and edit it into different versions according to the opinions of customers, producers and directors for different needs.
From the above, we can see that it is not enough to really enter the film and television animation industry, but it is necessary to master all aspects well. It is suggested that students who want to enter this industry should study comprehensively and systematically first, and then find the one they are best at, which is the only way to enter the film and television animation industry.
methods and procedures of interior design
methods of interior design
The methods of interior design are mainly analyzed from the designer's thinking method, which mainly includes the following points:
1. Focus on the big picture, start with the details, and scrutinize the whole and the details in depth
Focus on the big picture, that is, as described in the first chapter, several basic points that should be considered in interior design. In this way, the starting point of thinking about problems and starting design is high, and there is a global concept of design. Starting with details means that when designing, we must investigate and collect information according to the nature of indoor use, and master the necessary information and data, starting with the most basic human body size, pedestrian flow, scope and characteristics of activities, the size of furniture and equipment, and the necessary space for using them.
2. From inside to outside, from outside to inside, the local and the whole are coordinated and unified
Architect A? Yikenikov once said: "Any architectural creation should be the result of the interaction between internal factors and external relations, that is,' from inside to outside' and' from outside to inside'."
The "inside" of the indoor environment, other indoor environments connected with this indoor environment, and even the "outside" of the outdoor environment of the building are closely interdependent, and the design needs to be coordinated repeatedly from the inside out and from the outside in order to make it more perfect and reasonable. The indoor environment needs to be in harmony with the nature, standard and style of the whole building, and with the outdoor environment.
3. Intention before writing or synchronization of writing meaning, paying equal attention to conception and expression
Intention before writing originally means that when creating a painting, you must have an idea first, that is, you must think carefully before you start writing, that is to say, the conception and conception of design are very important. It can be said that a design without intention means no "soul", and the difficulty of design often lies in having a good idea. It's good to be intentional in specific design, but a mature idea often needs enough information and time for discussion and thinking. Therefore, you can also conceive while writing, that is, the so-called pen-and-mind synchronization, which makes the idea and idea gradually clear in the early stage of design and the process of making a plan, but the key is still to have a good idea.
For interior design, it is also very important to correctly, completely and expressively express the ideas and intentions of interior environment design, so that builders and reviewers can fully understand the design intentions through drawings, models and descriptions. In the competition of design bidding, the completeness, accuracy and beauty of drawing quality is the first pass, because in design, image is a very important aspect after all, and drawing expression is the designer's language, and the connotation and expression of an excellent interior design should also be unified.
procedural steps of interior design
According to the design process, interior design can usually be divided into four stages, namely, design preparation stage, scheme design stage, construction drawing design stage and design implementation stage.
1. Design preparation stage
The design preparation stage is mainly to accept the entrusted task book, sign a contract, or participate in bidding according to the requirements of the tender; Define the design period and make the design plan schedule, and consider the cooperation and coordination of all relevant types of work; Clarify the design tasks and requirements, such as the use nature, functional characteristics, design scale, grade standard and total cost of the interior design tasks, and the indoor environment atmosphere, cultural connotation or artistic style to be created according to the use nature of the tasks;
be familiar with the design-related specifications and quota standards, and collect and analyze the necessary data and information, including site investigation and visits to similar examples.
when signing the contract or formulating the bidding documents, it also includes the design schedule and design rate standard, that is, the percentage of the owner's design fee charged for interior design to the total investment in interior decoration.
2. Scheme design stage
The scheme design stage is based on the design preparation stage, further collecting, analyzing and applying the data and information related to the design task, conceiving, carrying out preliminary scheme design, in-depth design, and analyzing and comparing the schemes.
determine the preliminary design scheme and provide design documents. The documents of the indoor preliminary scheme usually include:
1. Floor plan, with common proportions of 1: 5 and 1: 1;
2. indoor facade development drawing, with commonly used scales of 1: 2 and 1: 5;
3. Top plan or bottom plan, with commonly used scales of 1: 5 and 1: 1;
4. Indoor perspective view;
5. Sample layout of interior decoration materials;
6. Description of design intent and cost estimate;
the preliminary design scheme needs to be approved before the construction drawing design can be carried out.
3. Construction drawing design stage
In the construction drawing design stage, it is necessary to supplement the necessary drawings of plane layout, indoor elevation and ceiling, and also include details of structural nodes, detailed drawings and equipment pipeline drawings, and prepare construction instructions and cost budget.
4. Design implementation stage
The design implementation stage is also the construction stage of the project. Before the construction of indoor engineering, designers should explain the design intention and technical disclosure of drawings to the construction unit; During the project construction, it is necessary to check the construction situation according to the requirements of the drawings, and sometimes it is necessary to propose local modifications or supplements to the drawings according to the site situation; At the end of the construction, the project acceptance will be carried out in conjunction with the quality inspection department and the construction unit.
in order to make the design achieve the expected effect, interior designers must pay special attention to all stages of design, pay full attention to design, construction, materials, equipment and other aspects, and be familiar with and pay attention to the connection with the architectural design and facilities design of the original building. At the same time, they must coordinate the relationship with the construction unit and the construction unit, and get communication and understanding in design intent and conception, so as to achieve ideal design engineering results.
architectural animation production process
1. Pre-analysis script
1. All personnel involved in project production must deeply analyze and understand the script and be familiar with the whole script's process arrangement for the project.
2. Everyone puts forward their understanding of the script and expounds their own views.
3. finally unify the thinking and determine the final plan. (After being affirmed by all personnel, it shall not be changed without authorization).
4. Find reference materials (videos, pictures and audio) to find the artistic style of the project.
5. Make a storyboard.
2. Making
1. Modeling
1. Preparation before modeling:
1. Before building modeling, build an empty file, and each building will start with this file.
(1) the unit is set to millimeters (MM)-- both positions are set.
(2) The standard is PAL, and the appropriate length of key chastity is adjusted.
(3) open the rendering panel and set the filter to Catmull-Rom.
(4) The rendering size is 72*576 or 72*44, and the HD picture is 192*18, with a ratio of 1.67.
(5) set the Maximun Depth under RAY Depth Control to 1, only Enable is turned on, and the other options are turned off (ray tracing in the shader is in the production process, and the second item, Reflectio, is selected under Trace Mode).
(6) Divide the materials involved in the construction drawing, and establish multiple material balls, each of which is named according to the actual situation, such as glass.
2. Establish terrain, prospect and separate close-ups.
(1) These all start with an empty file.
(2) the unit is set to the meter (m)-both positions are set.
(3) The material is not set, but set according to the production object. The terrain and the prospect are finally generated into a composite file, and the individual shots are determined according to the shots themselves, with clear names.
(4) Call in the CAD terrain, the center is located in the central axis position of MAX space, and the height of Z axis is .
(5) The standard is PAL, and the appropriate key chastity length is adjusted.
(6) open the rendering panel and set the filter to Catmull-Rom.
(7) The rendering size is 72*576 or 72*44, and the HD picture is 192*18, with a ratio of 1.67.
(8) set the Maximun Depth under RAY Depth Control to 2, Enable is turned on, and the other options are turned off (ray tracing in the mass ball is in the production process, and the second item, Reflectio, is selected under Trace Mode).
2. Modeling process:
1. Before the modeling begins, the person in charge of modeling classifies the buildings and assigns them to the modeling team members respectively.
2. Each person makes a detailed study of the model for which he is responsible, and lists the following aspects.
(1) Problems in the drawings.
(2) I don't understand the problem.
(3) List the materials needed for the model. The person in charge of modeling studies all the model drawings, lists the problems and matters needing attention, and the required materials.
3. hold a group discussion, formulate standards, put forward matters needing attention, and assign the responsible person.
4. After the model is completed, submit it to the person in charge for inspection and confirmation.
3. Modeling specifications:
1. Building modeling.
(1) model strictly according to the construction drawings provided by customers, or communicate with customers to model according to customers' requirements, put forward any unclear points in time, and actively and timely communicate with customers. If the model is modeled according to the effect diagram or some unclear drawings, the modeling person in charge will determine the building modeling details.
(2) The central axis of the object returns to the central position of the object and the system coordinates return to zero.
(3) Use empty files containing balls of various materials uniformly.
(4) The model and UV map number of each part of the building are the same as the ID number in the established multi-dimensional material.
(5) the UV coordinates are set and adjusted uniformly.
(6) Two-dimensional wireframe stretching is used for modeling, Boolean operation is not needed as far as possible, and it can be used appropriately in some cases.
(7) After the final model is completed, the person in charge of modeling will check and confirm, and keep a file that has not collapsed as a whole, and then save a file that has collapsed as a whole.
(8) The name of the shader and model should be clear, without mapping, and then it should be handed over to the refinement group.
(9) Save to e: \ Project: \ Model: \ Building: \ Building number -OVER.
2. Terrain modeling.
(1) When modeling, the center is located in the position of the axis in MAX space, and the height of Z axis is .
(2) the unit is set to meters.
(3) The height and width of the kerb are .15M and .15M respectively. The grass is slightly lower than the curb by .12M, and the sidewalk is parallel to the curb.
(4) elevation can be seen clearly in CAD.
(5) The pavement is negative and has thickness.
(6) After the model is completed, the group will not collapse.
(7) terrain naming: such as terrain-stone, it is not allowed to have the same name as other model materials such as buildings.
(8) save to e: \ project: \ terrain: \ terrain -OVER.
3. prospect modeling (including prospect terrain), which is to model the periphery of the project around the CAD terrain.
(1) according to the project script style and customer opinions, determine the vision style.
(2) The less the number of simple surfaces, the better.
(3) The building should be modeled according to the actual height model, which should be consistent with the size of the building inside the community.
(4) Complete all the maps and save them by name.
(5) name the group after confirmation.
(6) Fine production when time permits.
4. Several groups of close-ups unrelated to the building are built at the same time.
(1) the unit is set to meters.
(2) Do it according to the actual position of the construction drawing, which is consistent with the topographic position.
(3) adjust the lens according to the script.
(4) Build a complete and independent scene, including the main landscape and necessary supporting facilities (complete scene without people, lights and buildings).
(5) you can bring a map (less maps) and you can't collapse.
(6) save to e: \ project: \ shot: \ shot number: \ model.
ii. Split shot (preview)
1. Make a good shot in the scene according to the storyboard and mark the shot number. After the shot is confirmed, delete the model irrelevant to the shot.