Does the name given by ancient people have the same meaning as it does now? And? How can these words be used in names? So do you know how names were chosen in ancient times? Now I will tell you how to choose names in ancient times. Let’s take a look at the methods of naming in ancient times.
The ancient method of choosing names
The names of ancient Chinese people are the same as modern ones. They are symbols used by people to represent individuals in social interactions. What we call someone by name now is different from the ancients. In ancient times, names were names and words were words, each with its own purpose. The ancients were given a name as soon as they were born, a character and a nickname when they became adults, and a posthumous title after death. "Book of Rites. Tan Gong Shang": "Young name, crown character, Zhou Dao." ?
A name is a personal symbol used in society. Call yourself by name and call people by words. The word "zi" is often the explanation and supplement of the word "nominal", which is the opposite of the word "name", so it is also called the word "zip".
The relationship between "name" and "zi" in ancient times has the same meaning, such as: Zhang Heng, named Pingzi, who created the seismograph in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Ni Heng, a writer who beat drums and scolded Cao Cao. The courtesy name is Zhengping, and the "heng" in their names and characters is "ping"; the poets Qin Guan and Lu You of the Song Dynasty have the courtesy name Shaoyou and Lu You, and the "guan" and "you" in their names and characters are also synonymous.
The names and characters are meaningful and complementary, such as: Liang Hong, a litterateur in the Eastern Han Dynasty who raised his eyebrows, was named Boluan, and both Hong and Luan were named Boluan. They are two kinds of birds that are praised by people. The poet Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty was named Lotte, and because of Lotte, he was able to live in Juyi. The writer Chao Bu of the Song Dynasty was named Wujiu (blame is a fault), because he was able to compensate for his talents. No fault?.
"Name" and "Zi" have opposite meanings, such as: Song Dynasty scholar Zhu Xi, whose courtesy name is Yuanhui, Yuan Dynasty calligrapher and painter Zhao Mengfu's courtesy name Zi'ang, their "Name" and "Zi" The words "Xi", "Hui", "Yu" and "Ang" are antonyms.
The names and characters of the ancients are often taken from ancient books and classics, such as: Cao Cao's character is Mengde, and there is a sentence in "Xunzi" about "The husband is called moral conduct". The Tang Dynasty writer Lu Yu (author of the "Tea Classic", later generations revered as the "Tea God") was named Hongjian, which was taken from the "Book of Changes". Hongjian was in Lu, and his feathers could be used as ritual instruments.
The ancient names and characters were often used to express seniority in the family. In the pre-Qin Dynasty, the names of cousins ??Bo (Meng), Zhong, Shu and Ji were often added before the given name and surname, such as Boyi and Shuqi. Bo was the elder brother and uncle was the younger brother. Confucius was given the courtesy name Zhongni, and "Zhong" was the elder. two. After the Han Dynasty, the same character or radical was gradually used in "nominals" or "zi" to express peer relationships. For example, the writers Su Shi and Su Che brothers in the Song Dynasty used the radical "Che" to express peers.
In addition to names and characters, some ancient people also had numbers. "No." is a fixed alias, also known as an alias. The middle- and upper-class figures in feudal society (especially literati) often named themselves (including house names, room names, etc.) based on their place of residence and interests. For example, Li Bai's Qinglian layman in the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu's Shaoling Yelao, Su Shi's Dongpo layman in the Song Dynasty, Liuru layman of Tang Yin in the Ming Dynasty, and Banqiao of Zheng Xie in the Qing Dynasty are all well-known to later generations; some nicknames are used The rate even exceeds the real name (such as Su Dongpo, Zheng Banqiao, etc.).
Nicknames are given by the user himself, unlike names that are restricted by family and seniority, so they can express or flaunt certain sentiments of the user more freely. Common nicknames such as "householder" and "shanren" are to express the user's disdain for Lilu. Some people use their names to express their ambitions, such as Dunyi in Song Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty called him Mr. Lianchuan, Youguang in the Ming Dynasty called him Mr. Zhenchuan, Wang Euzhi called him Mr. Chuanshan, etc. There are also honorary titles (? private overflow?) given by disciples and descendants after death, such as Jingjie of Tao Qian in the Jin Dynasty.
A posthumous title is an honorary title awarded by the emperor after death. For example, Bao Zheng in the Song Dynasty was called Bao Xiaosu, Yue Fei was called Yue Wumu, Ji Yun in the Qing Dynasty was called Ji Wenda, etc. There are also "nicknames", which are mostly recognized nicknames given by others and are used to describe and describe people.
For example, in "Water Margin", all the 108 people on Liangshan Mountain have nicknames. Most of them accurately describe the characters' personalities, specialties or physical characteristics. These nicknames serve as names. The nickname is even more well-known to people.
Historically often used to replace personal names
⒈ Place names (including birthplace, residence and place of employment, etc.). For example, Kong Rong in the Eastern Han Dynasty was called Kong Beihai, Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty was called Han Changli, Liu Zongyuan was called Liuhedong or Liuliuzhou, and Su Che in the Song Dynasty was called Su Luancheng. In the feudal era, naming people by place names showed respect, which was called "diwang".
⒉Official title (including title, title, etc.). For example, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ma Yuan, who made the bold statement "The poor will be strong, the old will be strong", was called Ma Fubo (formerly General Fubo), Ban Chao, who joined the army, was called Ban Dingyuan (formerly named Marquis of Dingyuan), and Ji Kang in the Three Kingdoms was called Ji Zhongsan (formerly known as General Fubo). Ren Zhongsan Dafu), Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty was called Du Gongbu, Du Shiyi (formerly served as Yuanwailang and Zuo Shiyi of the Ministry of Industry), etc.
⒊It is named after the name of the room, the name of the house, the name of the hall, and the name of the hall. For example, Wang Fu's nickname was Jiang Zhai, which was taken from his family name; Xin Qiji's nickname, Jiaxuan, was also taken from his family name; Su Shunqin, a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, lived in Suzhou, built Canglang Pavilion, and named himself Canglang Weng.
⒋ Add an adjective before the surname to refer to a specific person with the same surname. Xie Lingyun and his cousin Xie Huilian in the Southern Dynasties were both poets, and were known as Da Xie and Xiao Xie. Among the poets of the Tang Dynasty, Lao Du (also called Da Du) refers specifically to Du Fu, and Xiao Du refers specifically to Du Mu. Lao Su, Da Su, and Xiao Su refer to the father and son Su Xun, Su Shi, and Su Che in the Song Dynasty.
⒌Referring to several specific people by several surnames. For example, "Ma Ban" (or "Ban Ma") refers to Sima Qian (author of "Historical Records") and Ban Gu (author of "Han Shu"); among Tang poets, "Li Du" refers to Li Bai and Du Fu, and "Yuan Bai" refers to Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi; Han Liu? They are Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan. In addition, the Da Xie and Xiao Xie mentioned earlier are collectively called "Er Xie". Together with another poet from the Southern Dynasties, Xie Tiao, they are collectively called "San Xie"; "Er Cheng" refers specifically to the Song Dynasty scholars Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi brothers; Su Xun , Su Shi and Su Che are also collectively known as "Three Su".
⒍In the Tang Dynasty, people were often referred to by their rank, name, official position, etc. Wang Wei has a poem entitled "Send Yuan Er Envoy to Xi'an" (? Advise you to buy another glass of wine, leaving Yangguan in the west without any old friends? This is one of the famous lines). "Reply to Wang Twelve" and "Ask Liu Nineteenth" are often seen in Tang poetry. "," and other questions, all refer to people by their rank. For example, Li Bai is Li Twelve, Han Yu is Han Shiba, Liu Zongyuan is Liu Ba, Yuan Zhen is Yuan Jiu, etc. This custom also existed in the Song Dynasty, for example, Qin Guan called Qin Qi, Ouyang Xiu called Ou Jiu, Huang Tingjian called Huang Jiu, etc.
The names and trade names of the literati in feudal society mentioned above are all part of the feudal patriarchal system and ethics and morals. Since they have existed for a long time in history and have been widely used, we cannot completely avoid them.
For example, the author of "Song of Righteousness" was Wen Tianxiang, also known as Lushan and Songrui (the three words Xiang, Shan and Rui are synonymous). He was often called Wen in the past dynasties. Wen Shan? (self-title), Wen Prime Minister (official position), Wen Xin Guo (title), etc. If we don’t know anything about ancient people’s names and numbers, we have no way of identifying them. Therefore, in order to read ancient books and study ancient thoughts and styles, we still need to understand it.
Nice ancient names
? Qingqing Zijin is in my heart? Zijin is in my heart
"It is better to forget each other than to forget each other. In the rivers and lakes, Xiangmo
The fairy mantle is floating, I smell the fragrance of musk orchid, the lotus clothes are about to move, and I hear the sonorous orchid ring.
? I envy him for his good qualities, his pure and smooth appearance, and his splendid clothes and his sparkling articles. ? Bingqing
< p> ?It’s a pity for Yong Xu’s talent. The jade belt hangs in the forest, and the golden hairpin is buried in the snow. ? Ning choked. " Yu Ning
? The autumn colors are rolling in waves, and the cold smoke is green on the waves. ? Cold smoke
? Crossing the river to pick hibiscus , There are many fragrant grasses in Lanze. p>?The fragrance fills the sleeves, but the road is far away.
?The fragrance fills the sleeves
The sparse shadows are lost and the altar is quiet and sparse shadows
May the spring breeze send the swallows and swallows
p>
Evening sea and long evening
Far away and far away
The moon is in Hanxi Hanxi
Zhen Zhen (yinzhen). "Zhou Nan's Tao Yao": "The peach's young age, its leaves are pure." Zhen Zhen, lush appearance.
Yan Fei. "Bei Feng? Yan Yan": "The swallow is flying, but its feathers are incompetent."
Shu Shen. "Bei Feng Yan Yan": "In the end, it is gentle and helpful, and Shu Shu is careful about himself." Shushen, kind and cautious. For example, there is an artist in Taiwan named Xiao Shushen.
Hui Ran. "Bei Feng? Final Wind": "The final wind is hazy, but Hui Ran is willing to come." Hui Ran, obey the appearance.
Jing Shu. "Bei Feng Jing Nu": Jing Nu and his concubine, waiting for me in the corner of the city. In the 2010 version of Three Kingdoms, a character named Orz named Jingshu was added. There is another word below: "Jing Juan", both of which mean quiet and beautiful.
Wei Tong. "Bei Feng Jing Nu": "The Tong Guan has Wei, and the girl is beautiful." Tong: red. Wei: brilliance.
Beautiful. "Bei Feng Jing Nu": "Since shepherding and returning to the grassland, she is beautiful and unique." Xunmei means very beautiful. "Zheng Feng Shu Yu Tian": "Xunmei and benevolence", "Xunmei and good".
Yan Wan. "Beifeng Xintai": "Yan Wan's request". Yan Wan: Quiet and gentle, also refers to a wishful husband. The text is beautiful, but the main purpose of this "Xintai" article is to satirize Wei Xuangong's incest. The context is not very good, so use it with caution.