The highest mountain in the world, I believe many friends already have the answer in their hearts. The highest mountain in the world is Mount Everest. Who doesn’t know, right? But I don’t know that everyone Do you know the geographical location and origin of the name of Mount Everest, the highest peak, and who are the specific people who have climbed to the highest peak? Follow me to learn more!
Mount Everest, referred to as Mount Everest, With a height of 8844.43 meters, it is the highest peak in the world. According to the 2005 Chinese National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, the rock surface height was 8,844.43 meters***29,017.2 feet***, while Nepal uses the traditional snow cover height of 8,848 meters***29,029 feet*** , since 2010, the two countries have officially recognized each other's measurement data. In addition to being the highest mountain, it is also the fifth furthest peak from the center of the earth.
The location of the highest mountain in the world
Mount Everest is the highest peak on earth, located at 86.9° east longitude and 27.9° north latitude. It is located in the eastern section of the Sino-Nepal border, with its northern slope in Dingyue County of the People's Republic of China Autonomous Region and its southern slope in the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. In Tibetan mythology, Everest is considered the third goddess among the five fairies. She is the lord of mountains, the top of the earth, and is also known as the third pole of the earth.
The origin of the name of Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world
Tibetan "job-mo glang-ma rib" ***Everest*** is Meaning "Mother Earth". In Tibetan, Jo-mo "Zhumu" means goddess, and glang-ma "Langma" should be understood as female elephant*** In Tibetan, gland-ma has two meanings: alpine willow and female elephant** *. Mythology says that Mount Everest is the palace where the-ring child ga*** lives, a goddess who lives for five days.
However, there is another English saying that appears many times in middle school textbooks, namely Mount Qomolangma or Qomolangma Mount. The West generally calls this mountain peak Mount Everest or Mount Everest*** to commemorate George Everest, the director of the Survey of India who was responsible for measuring the Himalayas when the British occupied Nepal. ***George Everest***. The Nepali name is Sagarmatha***, which means "goddess of the sky". This name was given by the Nepalese Communist Party in the 1960s. Because before, the Nepalese people did not give this mountain a name, and *** did not choose to use a transliterated name due to political reasons.
The "Lotus Relic" unearthed in 1258 is called "Lachi", and the Kagyu monk Sangji Gyaltsen's "Milarepa Song Collection" calls the location of Mount Everest "the most snowy place".
In 1717, surveyors of the Qing Dynasty surveyed and mapped the "Imperial Map of the Mountains" in the Mount Everest area, and named it after "Zumlangma Alin". "Alin" is Manchu, meaning "mountain" .
On May 8, 1952, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Central People's Government and the General Administration of Publication jointly officially announced that the name of "Mount Ephesus" was changed to "Mount Everest".
In 2002, "People's Daily" published an article arguing that the English name "Mount Everest" used in the Western world should be renamed its Tibetan name "Mount Everest". The newspaper subjectively believes that the mark on China's map 280 years ago was named "Everest" before the West used the English name "Mount Ephesus".
Climbing records The towering Mount Everest has always been a holy place for humans who want to prove their climbing abilities. Since the first successful ascent of Mount Everest on May 29, 1953, many climbers from all over the world, including China, have left footprints on the top of Mount Everest.
As of now, there are still many people who are proving themselves and challenging themselves.
1841?1949
In 1841, Sir George Everest, the Inspector General of India, recorded the geographical location of Mount Everest.
In 1853, Mount Everest was surveyed as the world’s highest peak, with an altitude of 8,840 meters.
In 1921, British mountaineering team leader G. Hawadbari climbed Mount Everest from China for the first time. They did not cross the top of the North Col. They claimed that the height they reached was 6985 meters, due to lack of success, they declared it a reconnaissance mountaineering exercise.
In 1922, Jim Bruce, the leader of the second British Everest climbing team, still took the north slope route in China. They crossed the North Col, but when they reached At an altitude of 8,225 meters, it failed due to the deaths of seven people.
In 1924, F. Norton, captain of the third British Mount Everest climbing team, was still climbing from the north slope of Mount Everest in China. When Norton and others reached the "second step" on the north slope, "When near 8572 meters below, they were forced to go down the mountain due to lack of oxygen. Team members Mallory and Abin insisted on continuing to move forward and never returned.
In 1933, the leader of a British mountaineering team composed of 16 people, He Lutoliji, still used the north slope route in China, but also failed. When members of the team, Winn Harries and Weigel, reached an altitude of 8,570 meters, they discovered the ice ax belonging to Mallory, a member of the British Everest climbing team in 1924, confirming that Mallory and the other two died at this height. nearby.
In 1934, the British M. Wilson used a light aircraft to climb alone. As a result, the aircraft was damaged near the Kongbu Glacier. He himself was slightly injured. Later, he hired some local Sherpa people to assist. Climbing the mountain, but after a storm, he froze to death on the Dongob Glacier.
In 1935, the British Mount Everest climbing team, composed of seven people and led by Captain E. Shipton, only detected the altitude of 7,000m on the north slope of Mount Everest in China. That is, return near the North Col. In 1936, the British Mount Everest mountaineering team, composed of ten people led by Captain Hu Lutoliji, reached the top of the North Col at an altitude of 7007 meters and then returned [Note: The top of the North Col used to be 7007 meters, in 1975 In 2004, the Chinese mountaineering team calculated the exact height to be 7,050 meters through on-site measurements.
In 1938, the British Mount Everest mountaineering team, composed of seven people and led by Captain G. Dillman, still climbed from the north slope of China. After reaching an altitude of 8,290 meters, , declared failure.
In 1947, the first attempt to climb Mount Everest after World War II was carried out by a Canadian, Le Dinman, who hired some local mountain residents as porters. They still climbed the northern slope of China and did not yet climb the mountain. At an altitude of over 6,400 meters above sea level, they finally failed and returned. The above-mentioned attempts to climb Mount Everest were all conducted from the *** area in China, and all failed. Fold
1950~1969
After 1950, the *** area was liberated, and ***, located in an important southwest border defense area, no longer allowed foreign mountaineering teams to conduct arbitrary activities Mountaineering activities. Since then, foreign mountaineering teams have climbed Mount Everest from the southern slopes of Nepal.
In 1950, a mountaineering team composed of Americans such as G. Houston and others made the first attempt to climb Mount Everest from the southern slopes of Nepal. They only reached the 6,100-meter-high ice on the Kongbu Glacier. Near the explosion area, he returned.
In 1950, the British mountaineering team, composed of five people, led by Captain G. Dillman, claimed in advance that it was a reconnaissance team climbing Mount Everest from the south slope. After reaching an altitude of 5 , and then return near the 480m Khumbu Glacier.
In 1951, the British mountaineering team, captained by E. Shipton, consisted of seven people. They only climbed a section of the Khonbu Glacier and returned near an altitude of 6,450 meters.
In 1951, a Danish man named K. Bega Larsson illegally crossed the border into our *** area. He planned to climb Mount Everest from the north slope, but he failed before even crossing the 6,500-meter altitude. In May 1952, a ten-member Swiss mountaineering team led by captain Le Dittmar climbed Mount Everest from the southern slopes of Nepal. Team member Le Lambier and their hired porter, Nepali Tenxin, reached an altitude of 8,540 meters. After reaching the height of Mount Everest, they failed due to bad weather, but they created a route from the south slope of Mount Everest to the summit.
In 1953, team members Evans and Bringilang reached a height of 8,720m. The height of Mount Everest used by the British this time is 8840 meters.
In 1956, the Swiss mountaineering team, led by Albert Eger, was composed of five members, including E. Schmitt, Y. Marmit, and A. Leis. , Ge Gongqin, with the support of a large number of Nepali porters and guides, climbed Mount Everest in two groups on May 23. In May 1960, when the Chinese mountaineering team was assaulting Mount Everest from the north slope, an Indian mountaineering team led by Indian Army Major Ji Singh was also climbing Mount Everest from the south slope of Nepal in Nepal. When they reached the altitude of 8,625m on the south slope, they announced that they could not move forward due to strong winds and gave up the summit activity.
In 1962, India’s second Everest mountaineering team, led by the captain, Lieutenant Colonel Jay Dias of the Indian Army, once again climbed Mount Everest from the southern slope of Nepal. The attempt failed due to strong winds, and two of the team members reached an altitude of 8,717 meters above sea level.
In the spring of 1969, the Japanese mountaineering team made the first exploratory mountaineering from the south slope of Mount Everest, after reaching the Kongbu Glacier area at an altitude of 6,450m.
1970~1999
In the spring of 1971, the "International Everest Climbing Team" was formed by mountaineers from 11 European countries, including Britain, France, Italy, Austria, Switzerland and India. ", led by team leader and Swiss mountaineer En Kilianfurter, climbed to the summit along the southwest ridge route of the south slope of Mount Everest *** Note: It is basically the route of the 1963 American mountaineering team ***. Due to inconsistent steps from the beginning and great internal disagreements, it was declared a failure after the death of Indian team member Huguna in an avalanche.
In the spring of 1972, a group of mountaineers from eight European countries led by Siddiq Heilikaufer from Britain, France, Italy, Austria, West Germany, Switzerland and other countries The "European Everest Climbing Team" formed, climbed to the summit from the south slope along the traditional route, and failed after reaching an altitude of 8,200m.
The Italian military mountaineering team from February to May in the spring of 1973, led by Guido Monzino, the principal of the Italian Military Mountaineering School, formed a team including Italian mainland, A large Mount Everest mountaineering team composed of navy, air force, police force, customs personnel, medical, meteorological and other military scientific staff carried out two expeditions on May 5 and May 7 of that year, with four people in groups each time. ***, a *** group of eight people climbed to the top of Mount Everest.
At 6 pm Nepal time on September 24, 1975, two members of the British mountaineering team, Heston ***, 32 years old***, and Scott ***, 33 years old***, Climbed Mount Everest from the south slope of Mount Everest.
In 1978, Italian mountaineer Reinhold Messner made the first ascent of ***8848m*** without oxygen.
In 1980, Italian mountaineer Rein Holder Messner's northern route was the first solo ascent of ***8848m***
In 1988, mountaineers from China, Japan and Nepal joined hands to challenge Mount Everest, climbing from the north to the south. Three Chinese team members successfully crossed Mount Everest and one person reached the summit. Tsering Dorje set a world record of staying on the summit without oxygen for 99 minutes.
In 1990, climbers from China, the Soviet Union and the United States gathered on Mount Everest in the name of peace, showing their peace-loving aspirations to the world.
Seven Tibetan team members from China stood on the top of the mountain one after another.
In 1993, six mountaineers from both sides of the Taiwan Strait climbed Mount Everest together for the first time, writing a wonderful page in history. Wu Jinxiong became the first Taiwanese compatriot to climb Mount Everest.
In 1996 and 1997, China successively carried out joint climbing activities with Slovakia and Pakistan. Four Tibetan team members reached the summit. Among them, Ciluo became the first Chinese college student to climb Mount Everest. , Da Qimi and Kaicun became people who have climbed Mount Everest twice.
At 7:22 am on May 26, 1998, British climber Edward Michael Grylls and his friends climbed to the top of Mount Everest.
On May 27, 1999, all 10 Tibetan members of the *** mountaineering team climbed Mount Everest at once and collected the sacred fire of the Sixth National Ethnic Traditional Sports Games at the summit of 8848.13 meters. .
2000?
In 2000, Heilongjiang warrior Yan Genghua, China's first private individual to challenge Mount Everest, reached the summit on May 21, but unfortunately died on the way down.
In 2002, another warrior, Wang Tianhan, finally succeeded in challenging Mount Everest alone.
In 2003, 14 Chinese members of the China-South Korea Joint Mountaineering Team and the 2003 China Everest Mountaineering Team successfully climbed Mount Everest on May 21 and 22 respectively. They are Xiao Qimi, Pubu Zhuoga, Cangmula, Nima Tsering, Liang Qun, Chen Junchi, Ngawang, Pu Butondup, Tashi Tsering, Wangdui, Jala, Luo Shen, Wang Shi and Liu Jian.
From March 20 to June 20, 2005, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the State Administration of Surveying and Mapping will once again conduct a comprehensive scientific investigation on the Qomolangma area of ??the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and will also join hands with Chinese female mountaineering team members to climb to the top of Mount Everest. , using radar and GPS positioning methods to re-measure the height. On October 9 of the same year, with the approval and authorization of the State Council, Chen Bangzhu, director of the State Administration of Surveying and Mapping of China, officially announced at a press conference of the State Council Information Office that the altitude of the rock face of Mount Everest is 8844.43 meters, and the measurement accuracy is ±0.21 meters. The Everest elevation data of 8848.13 meters announced by China in 1975 has been discontinued.
In 2006, Glenn Singletaryman and Heather Swan were both in their early 40s and a middle-aged couple from Sydney, Australia.
In 2007, the 20-year-old Sherpa Tash Lakpa Sherpa set out from Kathmandu to launch his third attempt at Mount Everest, the roof of the world.
On May 8, 2008, the torch of the 29th Summer Olympic Games, Xiangyun, was carried by Chinese athletes to the world's highest peak, Mount Everest, with an altitude of 8844.43 meters***. It has become the highest-altitude torch relay station in the history of the Olympic torch relay.
In the early morning of May 25, 2008, 76-year-old Nepali man Ming Sherchan successfully climbed Mount Everest, the roof of the world, becoming the oldest person in the world to successfully summit Mount Everest.
On June 5, 2014, Purna, a 13-year-old Indian girl from a lower-class family, successfully climbed Mount Everest not long ago, becoming the youngest woman in the world to climb Mount Everest.
The avalanche on the world’s highest peak, Mount Everest, killed a climber
On April 18, 2014, a major avalanche accident occurred on a climbing route on the Nepalese side of Mount Everest, killing 13 Nepalese. The Sherpa guide died and three others were missing. Kathmandu said the death toll caused by this avalanche was the highest in the history of modern mountain climbing on Mount Everest.