Character’s life, hard study and travel
When Shao Yong was young, he thought he was talented and ambitious, and he was eager to gain fame. Shao Yong loves reading and reads almost everything. He is strict and hardworking on himself in his studies. In order to hone his strong willpower, he studied hard for several years without lighting the stove in the winter, without fanning the fan in the summer, and without sleeping at night. While studying hard, he sighed: "In the past, people still made friends with the ancients, but I have not reached all around." This means that people in the past studied the ancient classics and made friends with the ancients. They not only read the ancients' books, but also traveled extensively. The ancients have traveled to places, but now I have only read the books of the ancients, but I have not traveled around. "So, he crossed the Yellow River, Fenhe River, and crossed the Jianghuai and Hanjiang plains. He inspected the ruins of Qi, Lu, Song, and Zheng in the feudal states of the Western Zhou Dynasty. He spent a long time traveling to increase his knowledge. When he arrived at Shao When Yong returned, he sighed: "The Tao is here! "I haven't traveled out since then. Learning Yi and Enlightenment
At that time, Li Zhicai (also known as Tingzhi) was the county magistrate of ***cheng. Hearing that Shao Yong was eager to learn, he went to see Shao Yong and told him about Shao Yong. Yong said: "Have you also heard about the study of physical life? ", which means "Do you know the "physics" of the cyclical development process of all things in the universe and the knowledge about life? "Shao Yong replied: "Fortunately I was taught. ", meaning that he was willing to be taught by Li Zhicai, so Shao Yong worshiped Li Zhicai as his teacher and studied "He Tu", "Luo Shu", Fuxi's sixty-four hexagrams. These things taught by Li Zhicai were from a long time ago. It has been passed down, and when Shao Yong explored its profound connotations, he was often able to understand and penetrate its connotations as if with divine help. Most of the knowledge he finally obtained was as vast and vast as the ocean, which he gained through his own enlightenment.
The longer Shao Yong studied these classics, the more his virtues became praised by the world. At the same time, Shao Yong's wisdom also grew. He understood the laws of movement and change of heaven and earth, the laws of the growth and decline of yin and yang, and the laws of the world. The laws of change were even clear to the characteristics of tiny walking and flying animals and herbaceous and woody plants. His profound wisdom was considered by the world at that time to be beyond confusion. Shao Yong's theory was not an imitation of his predecessors. The theory of people and accidental fulfillment. Shao Yong realized the innate factors in Fuxi's Bagua, and therefore wrote hundreds of thousands of words that have been circulated in the world. However, because he lived in seclusion, he was rarely known to the world.
In the first year of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty (1049), Shao Yong moved from *** to Luoyang. When Shao Yong first arrived in Luoyang, the houses he lived in were made of straw sheds and doors, which could not withstand the wind and rain. He made a living by collecting firewood and cooking by himself to serve his parents. Although he lived in poverty and had nothing, he looked happy and contented, which was difficult for the people around him to understand. The famous poet Lu Gongzhu and others retired to Luoyang, respected Shao Yong, often traveled with him, and bought a house with a garden for Shao Yong close to the city.
In the seventh year of Jia v (1062). ), Shao Yong moved to a garden house purchased by Wang Gongchen, Fu Bi, Sima Guang and others in the south of Tianjin Bridge west of Luoyang Tiangong Temple. From then on, Shao Yong farmed the garden and lived a self-sufficient life. He named his house "An Le Wo" and nicknamed himself "Mr. An Le"
Shao Yong often burned incense and sat in peace during the day, and drank at Shen Shi (3 to 5 p.m.). After three or four glasses of wine, he would stop drinking when he was still slightly drunk. When he was still not drunk, he would often recite poems to himself when he was in the mood. During the slack farming season in spring and autumn, Shao Yong often traveled around the city. He often did not go out in windy and rainy days. When he went out, he often took a small car and was pulled by others. , walk as you please. The scholar-bureaucrats are all very familiar with the sound of Shao Yong's wheels, and they rush to greet him. Even the children, the elderly, the servants, and the government officials will happily say, "My husband is here." "No one ever called him by his name. Sometimes Shao Yong stayed at their house for one night, left a letter and then left. There were also people who were enthusiastic about doing good things and built a new villa in the style of Shao Yong's "comfortable home". Waiting for Shao Yong's arrival, he named him "Xingwo", which inspired the world.
Sima Guang regarded Shao Yong as his brother. Their noble moral character was admired by the surrounding villagers. The father reprimanded his son and his brother. When educating my younger brother, I often say: "I'm afraid Mr. Sima and Mr. Shao will know if you don't do something well. "When officials and scholars come to Luoyang, even if they don't visit the government, they will definitely visit Shao Yong at his residence.
Shao Yong's moral conduct is very pure. Visitors can tell at a glance that Mr. Shao is a virtuous person. However, Shao Yong himself never reveals himself and is not wary of others. He talks and laughs with everyone without any taboos. When talking to people, I like to talk about their strengths rather than their shortcomings. When anyone asked him for advice, he always tried his best to answer and never used force to teach others. Shao Yong treats people with the same sincerity, regardless of high or low. Therefore, virtuous people like his virtues, and unvirtuous people are also influenced by him. For a time, Luoyang was full of talented people, and its reputation for loyalty was known all over the world.
In the third year of Xining (1070), Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty comprehensively promoted the new law. Officials were under intimidation and found it difficult to implement it. Some even submitted resignation letters and wanted to leave. Shao Yong's disciples and old friends who lived in prefectures and counties all visited Shao Yong with letters. Shao Yong said: "This is a time when virtuous people should do their best. Although the new law is strict, you can do your best to be lenient to the people. Then the people will receive a favor. What good will it do to the people to abandon the official position?" During the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, the emperor issued an edict to ask for the lost talents, and Wang Gong stayed in Xijing. Chen recommended Shao Yong to respond to the imperial edict and appointed him as the supervisor of the general. He issued an edict to recommend people with outstanding talents and serve as supplementary officers for the training of Yingzhou regiments. He firmly refused before accepting the appointment. In the end, he refused to take up his post because of illness. The patient was buried simply
When Shao Yong was ill and dying, famous people such as Sima Guang, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi stayed in front of him morning and night to take care of him. When he was about to die, everyone gathered together in the outer hall. Discussing his funeral matters, Shao Yong could hear the words of the discussion, so he called his son Shao Bowen to come and explain: "If you want to bury me near the city, you should follow the cemeteries of your ancestors and keep everything simple." < /p>
In the tenth year of Xining (1077), Shao Yong died and was buried simply at the age of sixty-seven. He was posthumously given the posthumous title of Secretary of the Ministry of Education. In the Yuan Dynasty, he was given the posthumous title Kangjie.
In the epitaph written by Cheng Hao, it is said that Shao Yong's knowledge was pure, unified and not messy. As far as the state that Shao Yong reached, it can be said to be peaceful and complete. Shao Yong's books include "Huangji Jingshi", "Observing Things Inside and Out", "Qiaoqiao Qiao", and his poems include "Yichuan Jingliang Collection". Historical records
"History of the Song Dynasty·Volume 427·Biography 186·Daoxue 1·Shao Yong".
"Shao's Records of Hearing and Seeing". Main Achievements Confucian Achievements
The emergence of Neo-Confucianism (or Neo-Confucianism) in the Two Song Dynasties marked that Chinese Confucianism entered a new stage of revival. In the founding stage of Neo-Confucianism, Shao Yong, Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi were collectively called the "Five Northern Song Dynasty Scholars". The order in "History of the Song Dynasty: Daoxue I" is Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhang Zai and Shao Yong. Zhu Xi also called Shao Yong, Zhou, Zhang, Ercheng and Sima Guang the "six teachers" of Taoism. The above-mentioned people are all the founders of Neo-Confucianism, and their theories have their own characteristics in the Neo-Confucian camp, and each of them has formed a school. However, everyone regards Confucianism as their sect, explores and develops the principles of the "Six Classics" and the "Four Books", and takes the revitalization of Confucianism as their mission. Literary achievements
Compared with the other four sons of the Northern Song Dynasty, Shao Yong also made remarkable achievements in the field of literature, especially poetry. However, for a long time, due to the influence of the traditional view of poetry and the prejudice against the Neo-Confucian concept of emphasizing Taoism and undervaluing literature, poetic theorists have never attracted enough attention to the literary achievements of Neo-Confucian poetry represented by Shao Yong's "Yichuan Jingliang Collection" Pay attention to. However, in Yan Yu's "Canglang Poetry" of the Southern Song Dynasty, the "Kangjie Style", which is mainly about reasoning, is impressively juxtaposed with Su Huang, Wang Chen and other great masters of Song poetry, fully reflecting its strong individuality. This is also This is the first poetic identification of Shao Yong's poetry in the history of literary criticism, which has great cognitive value. In recent decades, academic circles have increasingly deepened their discussions on the relationship between Neo-Confucianism and literature. Shao Yong, whose total poetry volume ranks first among Confucian scholars in the Song Dynasty, has been favored by researchers as a typical case of Neo-Confucian poetry creation and has achieved fruitful research results. "Yichuan Jingyang Collection" also has a very wide spread and influence in the East Asian cultural circle, and has been published many times in Japan and North Korea. Today, there are also Korean publications and Japanese engravings handed down, although "Yichuan Jingyang Collection" is not among the Song Dynasty poems. However, he actually participated in the creation of the spirit of Song poetry with his own literary achievements. He also played an important role in promoting the formation of the style of Song poetry and should occupy a certain position in the writing of literary history.
Achievements in Yi studies
Shao Yong was one of the founders of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. Shao Yong’s philosophical thoughts were influenced by Liezi and Zhuangzi, and were based on absorbing elements of Taoist Yi and Han Dynasty Yi studies. On the above, he formed a unique understanding of the "Book of Changes". The basic spirit of his "Huangji Jingshi Shu" is to understand the laws of heaven and human affairs. The purpose of Shao Yong's compilation of the cosmic chronology was to manage the world. His metaphysical understanding of the concept of Tao surpassed previous Confucian dynasties and played a crucial role in the formation and development of Song Dynasty Dynasty.
First of all, the number of heaven and earth and the number of circles are used as symbols of the origin of heaven and earth, and these two numbers are divided into sixteen positions to explore the changes in the use of heaven and earth. Secondly, the odd and even numbers of yin and yang are used as the basis for the numbers of the round sky and the earth, and the four images of yin and yang, the firmness and softness, and the eight trigrams are combined with the number of stems and branches, and the number of changes in the heaven and earth and the principle of April 3 are used to derive the symbols for all living things. There are numerous flora and fauna. Thirdly, combined with the sixteen-digit changes in the roundness of the sky and the earth discussed in the first two parts and the numbers of yin and yang, hardness, softness, odd and even animals and plants, it presents a concrete number of biological movements in one body, which represents the popular biochemical image of the heaven and earth and all things. Run, Landlord Biochemistry". Thirdly, the number of Tian Xing’s strength is further subdivided into the number of Yuan Hui’s luck in the world. In order to achieve Shao Yong's original calendar to record the years. At the same time, the soft numbers of the earth are further reflected in the diversity and difference of the sounds of the laws and regulations to express the unevenness and unevenness of animals and plants. Finally, these five categories of large numbers are implemented, bypassed and unified in everything in the natural world and the human world, as the end of Shao Yong's theory of poverty in Yi Xue. Family members
Father: Shao Gu.
Son: Shao Bowen, deputy envoy of Chengdu Road Prison and Lizhou Road Transport.
Sun: Shao Pu, Shao Bo, Shao Chuan. The main work "Huangji Jingshi"
"Huangji Jingshi" is a work that uses Yili and Yijiao to study the origin, natural evolution and social and historical changes of the universe. It uses Heluo and Xiangshu. His knowledge is revealed to the world. "Huangji Jingshi Shu" has twelve chapters and sixty-four chapters. The first six volumes of "Yuan Hui Yun Shi" have thirty-four chapters, the second four volumes of "Sound and Rhythms" have sixteen chapters, the second volume of "Guan Wu Nei Pian" has twelve chapters, and the last "Guan Wu Wai Pian" has two chapters . The first sixty-two chapters are written by Shaw himself, and the last two chapters are written by his disciples. Among them, "Observing Things" is actually the theoretical outline of Shao Yong's philosophy, Yili, and history. "Yu Qiao Qiao Dui"
"Yu Qiao Qiao Qi Dui" focuses on discussing the mystery and philosophy of heaven and earth, the transformation of yin and yang, and life morality. This book uses the methods of the woodcutter's questions and the fisherman's answers to summarize and interpret the world, all things, human affairs, and society in Yili. The purpose is to let the woodcutter understand the truth that "the way of heaven and earth is prepared for man, the way of all things is prepared for the body, the way of all wonderful things is prepared for God, and all the things in the world are completed." The protagonist in "The Fisherman and the Woodcutter" is the fisherman, and all the mysteries come from the fisherman's mouth. In the book, the fisherman has become the embodiment of "Tao". "Yichuan Jingliang Collection"
This collection is a collection of poems by Shao Yong, a Neo-Confucian scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty. Shao Yong wrote more than 3,000 poems in his life, most of which were collected in "Yichuan Jingliang Collection". "Plum Blossom Poetry"
The gate of heaven has been open forever, and some people have gone back and some have come. Although mountains and rivers are good but not perfect, not believing in gold is a disaster.
A dream in the lake and mountains changed completely. Goodbye Yunlong flew north. For the past three hundred years, one day, the sky has been clear and the water has been sighing.
The multiplication of heaven and earth leads to the number of one, and suddenly the year of Jiazi revives. In the twenty-eighth year of my life, things have changed, but I can’t say anything after seeing all the broken flowers.
After all, heroes are clothed in commoner clothes, and wealthy families are not the old Huangji. It is common for swallows to fly in, but it is no longer the case when flowers bloom in spring.
Hu'er rode to Chang'an and opened up a wide sea area in the Central Plains. When the floods subside, it is time to look toward Hanzhong.
When the Han sky becomes white and the Han River falls in autumn, the haggard yellow flowers always bring sadness. Ji Yao is half-rising and the Ji Dou is hidden, and the golden crow rises and destroys the top of the sea.
The clouds and fog are misty every day, and the beacon smoke rises pitifully in the northwest. Rogues come from the east and thieves come from the west, and there are still beauties in front of them.
Just like the chess game, everything is broken at the beginning, and the economic harmony is in catastrophe. When a leopard dies, its skin remains intact. The best autumn scenery is in Chang'an.
The fire dragon stings the Yan family in autumn, and it is difficult for the Zhao family to collect the original jade. The wonderful flowers in the courtyard have their owner in spring, and there is no need to worry about the wind and rain all night long.
Counting the plum blossoms in spring, I want to peel them off and ask about the causes. There will be peace in the world, and everyone in the world will be the guest of honor. "Mountain Village Odyssey"
Two or three miles away, there are four or five houses in Yancun.
There are six or seven pavilions with eighty or ninety flowers.
Character evaluation
Evaluation of "History of the Song Dynasty": Yong Gao was bright and heroic, outstanding throughout the ages, yet he was frank and honest, without any traces of Gui Jiao, so he was clear but not irritating, harmonious but not flowing, and it was beneficial to have long-term friendship with people. Respect it. Cheng Hao of Henan Province served his father Shi Yong at the beginning, and they discussed it all day long. He retired and sighed, saying: "Yaofu, he is a scholar of inner sage and outer king."
Cheng Yi: "(Shao Yong) has pure virtue and spirit. You can see that he is virtuous by looking at him. He does not express his feelings, does not put up any defenses, is upright but not forgiving, is clear and clear inside and outside... He lives in groups, drinks and laughs all day long, and does not take advantage of others. ”
Zhu Xi: "The studies of Cheng and Shao are indeed different, but the two Chengs respected Kang Jie the most. They believe in his way without confusion, and do not mix with heresies, just like between Wen Gong and Hengqu." Commemoration for later generations
Shao Yong’s tomb is located at the foot of Bauhinia Mountain on the shore of Yishui, Pingping Township, Yichuan County, Luoyang. The cemetery faces south and is 89 meters long from north to south and 48 meters wide from east to west. The tomb is 2 meters high and surrounded by an octagonal brick wall. There is a tombstone in front of the tomb, with the inscription "Tomb of Master Kang Jie Shao, Mr. Confucius of the Song Dynasty". There are also 3 tent-style enjoyment halls and 1 stone archway. The stone archway in front of the tomb was newly built at the site of the old archway by Xu Ji, the magistrate of Song County in the 17th year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1742). In addition, Shaoyong's tomb also retains three inscriptions that were rebuilt during the Ming, Qing and Republic of China. In 1963, it was designated as a provincial key cultural relic protection unit by the Henan Provincial Government. In 1986, the Yichuan County People's Government allocated funds to renovate Shao Yong's tomb.