Why is public management a new model of social governance?

public management is produced in order to meet the actual social governance requirements under the background of complexity and uncertainty. In the development of human society, there have been two basic social governance models, namely, the agricultural social governance model and the industrial social management model. Public management is a service-oriented social governance model, which is the inevitable trend of social development. The new social management model contains multiple social management subjects, and their functions and interactions constitute the basic connotation of the new social management model. First of all, Party committees should play the role of commanding the overall situation and coordinating all parties in the social management pattern, plan and think about social management from a global perspective, coordinate the relationship among Party committees, people's congresses, governments and CPPCC, make overall arrangements for discipline inspection, organization, publicity, United front, politics and law, support and ensure social organizations to carry out activities according to law, and give full play to the leading core role of party organizations at all levels and the vanguard and exemplary role of party member. Secondly, the government should strengthen the responsibility of social management, perform the functions of social management and public services, vigorously develop social undertakings, provide more and better public products and services for the people, effectively improve people's livelihood, and organize social organizations, the public, enterprises and other social forces to actively and orderly participate in social management, forming a joint force of social management. Thirdly, social organizations, especially people's organizations, trade associations and social intermediary organizations, should give full play to the role of providing services, reflecting demands and regulating behaviors, enhance the function of social autonomy, promote social harmony and order, and make positive contributions to improving the social management system, effectively allocating social resources, optimizing public services and meeting the needs of various sectors of society. Finally, the public is the basic force to participate in social management. Public participation has contributed to the introduction of relevant policies, and the positive response of the government has promoted public participation. Facts have proved that the degree of public participation often determines the ultimate effect of social management. In a word, the management subject of pluralistic society has become an organic unity with different roles, clear functions and efficient operation.

Characteristics

The new social management model has the following obvious characteristics:

First, it emphasizes people's livelihood. All social problems can be traced back to people's livelihood. To do a good job in social management, we must accelerate the social construction focusing on safeguarding and improving people's livelihood, take safeguarding and improving people's livelihood as the fundamental starting point and foothold of accelerating the transformation of economic development mode, take the road of * * * common prosperity, improve the institutional arrangements for safeguarding and improving people's livelihood, develop various social undertakings, and make the development results better benefit all the people. Safeguarding and improving people's livelihood under the leadership of the Party Committee and the government is a remarkable feature of the new social management model.

the second is to re-collaborate. The new social management is a process of collaborative governance and a process of participation, consultation and dialogue between * * *. Social management has a wide range of contents, and social problems are developing in a networked way. In addition, daily society and online society promote each other, which often causes social events to heat up rapidly and turn into social hidden dangers. This requires all social subjects to solve the dynamic problems of social affairs through timely communication, dialogue and consultation, and overall coordination, and to solve the complex interests in the field of social life with the thinking of cooperation and win-win.

the third is to emphasize innovation. With the development of social practice, new social life, social affairs, social organizations and new social functions will emerge, and there are no ready-made social management methods that can be directly applied in these fields, which need innovation. There are many social contradictions in the transitional period, which are particularly prominent and socially destructive. If they are not handled well, new and bigger problems will arise, and it is even more necessary to deal with them scientifically and strengthen foresight and prevention. We should also see that social management started late in China, far from reaching the level of specialization, and we need to work creatively to build a social management system with China characteristics.

the fourth is to emphasize the grass-roots level. In the final analysis, social management is the service and management of people, which is directly related to the vital interests of the broad masses of the people. We should rely on the people to create a new situation of social management under the new situation. Under the new situation, community management has become an important field of social management, and special attention should be paid to the management and service of floating population, special population and social organizations.

Theoretical trend

The new social management model clearly embodies the basic trend of good governance, and it embodies the political advantages of social management in China in a unique way.

According to the definition of governance by the Global Governance Commission in the research report "Our Partnership" in 1995, governance includes four main characteristics: first, the diversification of rights subjects; Second, the responsibility boundary between governance subjects is blurred; The third is to emphasize the interaction between government and society; The fourth is to emphasize the diversity of social governance methods. The subject of governance is diverse, and the purpose of governance is to maximize the interests of the public through the interaction, consultation and cooperation of multiple subjects. Good governance is the rational derivation of governance connotation. The essential feature of good governance is that it is the cooperative management of public life between government and citizens, a novel relationship between political state and civil society, and the best state of both. Through consultation, interaction and cooperation between the government and civil society, we can promote social stability and harmony, safeguard social fairness and justice, protect vulnerable groups, and maximize public interests. Good governance, as an analytical framework, emphasizes the cooperation between the government and society, and through their benign interaction, * * * promotes the realization of public interests, instead of emphasizing that the government should completely decentralize the society or balance the power between the government and society, which is unrealistic and inconsistent with China's political tradition. As an analytical tool, it can be used for reference in a country like China, which has long been divided between politics and society and has a weak sense of public participation.

The new social management model has the trend of good governance, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, the subjects of social management tend to be diversified. The main body of social management includes not only the ruling party and government, but also social organizations and the public. Its implication includes improving the party's leadership, transforming government functions, cultivating social organizations and encouraging public participation. Second, social management tends to cooperate and negotiate. In social management, the Party committee plays a leading role, the government plays a management role, the society plays a collaborative role, and the public participates in it. Each subject performs its duties, cooperates and negotiates, and cooperates closely to form a joint force of social management. Third, the concept of social governance is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, with the deepening of the Party's understanding of the law of socialist construction, the Party and the government have actively explored the socialist social management system with China characteristics in the spirit of reform and innovation, and the social management environment has been continuously optimized, which has provided basic conditions for the implementation of the new social management model and has a distinct trend of good governance.

The new social management model is fundamentally different from the all-round government control model under the planned economy and the government-society management model advocated by the theory of good governance. It is the concrete embodiment of China's political and institutional advantages, and is the foundation for strengthening and innovating social management, which should be constantly improved. Although there is still a long way to go to improve this model, it embodies a positive management concept and policy orientation. With the deepening of practice, this model will continue to develop and improve.

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