For thousands of years, there has been an endless stream of literati and poets here, making it a prestigious tourist destination. The poets Yuan Jie, Liu Yuxi and Meng Jiao of the Tang Dynasty, the philosopher and writer Zhou Dunyi of the Song Dynasty, and the Prime Minister Zhang Jun of the Southern Song Dynasty all came to visit and left stone poems and inscriptions on the rock walls around the pavilion. The builder of the pavilion, Wang Hongzhong, was renamed Wang Zhongshu. In the 13th year of Zhenyuan (AD 797), he was demoted to Lianzhou Sihu to join the army as a member of the Ministry of Rites, Wailang. In October of the 19th year of Zhenyuan, Han Yu, the supervisory censor, was demoted to the county magistrate of Yangshan County under Lianzhou County. Han Yu came to visit the pavilion. When he was happy, he wrote "The Story of Yanxi Pavilion" and named the pavilion. It is called "Yanxi", which means "Ode to the Marquis of Lu for Yanxi". On the high rock behind the pavilion, there are big rocks like swallows flying low. When spring comes, swallows play among the green trees in front of the pavilion. Therefore, Yanxi Pavilion is known as "the pavilion loved by swallows". Yanxi Pavilion's dragon eaves, wing corners, carved beams and painted columns, as well as the strong ancient stele in the pavilion, together with the surrounding green trees and cliffs, form a picturesque scene, and the poems of famous sages are like this. It has been passed down through the ages in this beautiful scenery. Yanxi Pavilion was built in the Zhenyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, with a history of 1,200 years ago. In the pavilion, there is a stele "Yanxi Pavilion" written by Han Yu. Yanxi Pavilion ①
Wang Hongzhong of Taiyuan in Lianzhou , traveling with Buddhist practitioners Jing Chang and Yuan Hui. On a different day, the two of them were walking behind their residence, among the hills and wasteland, and looking up from a high place, they came across a different place. When the grass is chopped off, the trees stand tall, when the rocks are turned out, the clear springs are stimulated, the chariots are driven into the dung soil, and the orange trees are burnt. But stand and look at it: those that emerge suddenly become hills, those that sink suddenly become valleys, those that are depressed become pools, and those that are missing are holes. 4 If there are ghosts, gods, and foreign objects coming to look at them. Since then, Hongzhong and the two of them left in the morning and forgot to return home at night, so they built a house to avoid wind, rain, cold and heat. 5
After it is completed, please name it. The hill is called "the hill of Hongde". It is hidden in the ancient times but appears in the present. It is also the way of Hong; the stone valley is called "the valley of humility", and the waterfall is called "the valley of humility". "Zhenlu's Waterfall" 6, the valley refers to virtue, and the waterfall refers to appearance; its earth valley is called "Valley of Gold", and the waterfall is called "Waterfall of Rank and Order" 7. The valley refers to appearance, and the waterfall refers to virtue; the cave is called "Cave of Hanju" ", it is determined when it enters the season; the pond is called "The Gentleman's Pond", which is empty to appreciate its beauty, and full to draw out its evil. 8; the source of the spring is called "The Spring of Tianze", which rises high and spreads downward; combined The name of the house is "Yanxi's Pavilion", which is based on the so-called "Yanxi Pavilion of Luhou" in "Poetry"9.
So the old people of the state heard about it and looked at each other, saying: "The mountains and rivers of our state are famous all over the world, but they are not as good as those of 'Yanxi'. Those who operate on its side are connected, and there is no way." Straight to the ground 10 "Is everything created by heaven and hidden by the earth to leave behind people? Hongzhong came from the official position of Lang11, and the road passed by it, from Lantian to Shangluo, crossing Xi and Tuan, and facing the Han River. , ascend the Xianshou to look at Fangcheng 12; leave Jingmen, go down to the Minjiang River, cross the Dongting, go up to the Xiang River, and go under the Hengshan Mountain 13; Yaochen crosses the ridge 14, where the home of the scorpion and the palace of the fish and dragon are extremely secluded and mysterious. To view this, it is appropriate to be familiar with mountains and rivers and hear them, but be tired of seeing them15. Now the meaning is if it is not enough. It is said: "The wise enjoy water, and the benevolent enjoy mountains." Hongzhong's virtues can be said to be in harmony with what he likes. Wisdom is used to plan things, and benevolence is used to live in them. I know where they are going, and Yu Yi is not far from the heaven. 16. So he carved a stone to record 17. ① "The Story of Yanxi Pavilion", Zhu Xi's "Kaoyi": "Yan may have a banquet." Liao Ben's caption: "Wang Hongzhong, named Zhongshu, was demoted from the Ministry of Civil Affairs to the Lianzhou Sihu to join the army. The pavilion is in Lianzhou, It was written when the Duke was in charge of Yangshan. "Yangshan belongs to Yiyun." According to Hong Xingzu's Chronicle of Han Zi, in the 20th year of Zhenyuan, "The Duke had Wang Hongzhong in Lianzhou," and Fang Songqing recorded this. "Records" Shi Ben says: "The pavilion is behind Huizong Temple in Wuli, north of Lianshan County (note: the pavilion is in the east of today's Lianzhou City). Gai Jingchang and Yuan Hui lived here in the past. The stele has been engraved four times, but The inscription on the back of the stele reads: "In the 20th year of Zhenyuan in the Tang Dynasty, in the fifth year of Huichang, in the sixth year of Xianping in the Song Dynasty, and in the second year of Kangding, there were four stones."
2 Different places: strange scenery. Strange, strange, special.
3 "Erya·Shixun": "Chariot means transportation." Burnt: burn. Sun Rutingyun said: ""Poetry": 'It is a screen, and it is a tree, and it is a shadow.' Note: 'When a tree stands up, it is called a tree, and when it dies, it is called a shadow.'"
4 But stand: retreat. Stand for a few steps. Sudden: bulging appearance. Wei Huaizhong said: "Yeah, open your mouth." "Way" means a low-lying place.
5 The land acquisition and construction of the above mentioned pavilion.
6 Sun Ru listened to the cloud: ""Book": 'Many will cause harm, modesty will benefit.' Many waters flow, so the cloud will be humbled." Note: Sun's note of "accepted by modesty" should be followed according to the text. As "humbly accept". Sun Rutingyun said: "Poem: 'Zhen Zhen Heron, herons are flying.' Zhen Zhen, the appearance of flying flocks." Note: In the article Zhen Heron, the whiteness of the heron is used to describe the whiteness and clarity of the waterfall.
7 Sun Ru heard the cloud: “In order, there is constant virtue.
"Note: "Poetry": "Zhizhi Sigan, the quiet Nanshan. ""Mao Biography": "Rank means popularity. Zheng Xuan's note: "It is said that King Xuan's virtue is like the source of a stream flowing out in order and order. It is infinite." "
8 Bell: Gathering. Evil: Dirty.
9 Yanxi: Same as "banquet", feasting and joy. "Poetry": "The Marquis of Lu Yanxi, ordered his wife Birthday mother. ” The name of the above Yanting Pavilion.
10 Mo Zhi: not comparable. Zhi, Tong “value”.
11 Demotion: downgrade. Rank, the rank of an official .
12 Lantian: Lantian County, Jingzhao Prefecture of Tang Dynasty, now Lantian County, Shaanxi Province. Shangluo: Shangxian County was established in the Han Dynasty, and was changed to Shangluo in the Sui Dynasty. The county was located in the east of Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province. They are all in the southwestern part of today's Henan Province. The Han River originates from Shaanxi, flows through many counties in northern Hubei, and flows into the Yangtze River in Hanyang. ; Fangcheng, the name of the mountain, is in present-day Nancheng County. This sentence refers to climbing Xian Mountain and looking to the north.
13 Jingmen: the name of the county, today’s Jingmen County, Hubei Province. Zhu Chongyun: “Min, the name of the mountain, is where the river is located. out. "Book": 'Minshan guides the river. '" Note: "Minjiang" in the article refers to the Yangtze River. Dongting: the name of the lake, at the junction of Hunan and Hubei. Xiangshui: the Xiangjiang River, the largest river in Hunan. Hengshan: the name of the mountain, in the north of Hengshan County, Hunan, one of the five mountains
14 Ridge: Old Note Nanling Note: Nanling is the general name for a series of northeast-to-southwest mountains on the borders of Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Guangxi. The "ridge" in the article should refer to "Nanling". Riding Tianling".
15 饫文: Having heard a lot means hearing a lot.
16 Yuyi: "Yi·Jian": "Hongjian was on the mainland, and his Yu Can be used as a instrument. "In the old days, people were respected because of the metaphor of "Yu Yi", which can be used as an example.
17 The above recounts Wang Hongzhong's process of being demoted to the south and points out the purpose of writing "Ji". On the surface, this is a This is a work that describes landscapes, but if you read the whole article carefully, you will know that it is not focused on describing landscapes, but describing people through describing landscapes. It is a prose style that cleverly combines landscape travel notes and odes.
Wang Hongzhong, whose name was Zhongshu, was demoted from the official position of Wailang to the chief minister of Lianzhou (now Lianzhou City, Guangdong) in the 19th year of Zhenyuan (AD 803). He was well-known for his excellent articles. He refused to attach himself to the powerful, but he understood the sufferings of the people, promoted benefits and eliminated harm, and eliminated bad governance. He was respected by people of the time. Han Yu had been with him for many years, and he was his subordinate twice. He always respected him. The article begins with Wang Hongzhong, Jing Chang and Yuan Hui discovering an unusual place in the wilderness behind his residence one day. Starting from the place, it describes the discovery and construction process of Yanxi Pavilion Scenic Area and its beautiful and unique scenery. However, the author here does not simply use nature and landscape architecture as the objects of description, but describes and praises the scenery through description. Wang Hongzhong's benevolent and wise gentleman's virtues perfectly combine the two, reflecting the noble character of the character with the essence of the landscape. It is hoped that he will return to the capital soon and become a serious example for the officials in the court. After examining the situation of the prince and the author's friendship with him, you will understand that this is not the kind of vulgar praise or hypocritical entertainment, but a kind of sincere mutual understanding, sympathy and admiration. Famous articles are the language of experts. After obtaining the cutting method, even if it participates in the discussion, it still does not hinder the recording of events. "Wang Hongzhong of Taiyuan is in Lianzhou", protruding and narrating later. ""Now that it's done, please name it" to "Ode", this narrative has a unique ancient meaning and is extremely unfair." Shi Deyun said: All have the virtue of Hongzhong. Note: Even though the key points of this comment are clear, and the word "ode" is a description of beauty and virtue, Zhengzong captured this paragraph, so it is not a derivative of civilization (Kaoyi suspects that the word "ode" is a derivative of the text). ”
Zeng Guofan said: “Liu Gong’s landscape notes are remarkable for their steepness and sharpness, which cannot be compared with those of Han Gong.” ”
Junfeng’s additional comment: The style of the article is fresh and refreshing, and he makes good use of parallelism. He sees mistakes at all levels and is overwhelmed. In particular, he harmonizes people’s hobbies and moral cultivation. He first writes about what the master likes, and then writes about what the master likes first. Reflecting the master's virtue, and then writing about the master's virtue, taking care of the master's interests, pursuing a kind of harmony between man and nature, it can be said that he is ingenious and does not let others, which reflects Han Yu's consistent Confucian thought of actively engaging in the world. He was serving in the state and had close friendships with the monks Jing Chang and Yuan Hui. One day, he took the two men to the back of his residence, climbed to a high place among the hills and wasteland, and found an unusual scenery. place.
He asked people to cut down the messy thatch, and a tree was revealed; when the rocks were excavated, a clear spring gushes out; he removed the dirty soil, burned the dead trees, and then retreated to a farther place to stand. Watch. The high places protrude into hills, the low places split into valleys, the low places become ponds, and the defective places become caves, as if there are ghosts and gods secretly helping (turning into such a beautiful scenery) . From then on, Hongzhong and the two monks went there to enjoy the scenery in the early morning, but forgot to go home at night, so he built a pavilion here to escape the wind, rain, cold and heat. After the pavilion was built, I asked them to let me name the scenery here. The hill is named "Hill of Virtue", which means that it has been submerged before but is now revealed, and it has the ability to wait patiently. The valley formed by the rock was named "Valley of Qian Shou", and the waterfall in the rock valley was named "Zhenlu Waterfall"; the name of the valley refers to the virtue of its owner, and the name of the waterfall refers to its appearance. The valley formed by the soil was named "Golden Valley", and the waterfall in the valley was named "Zhizhi Waterfall"; the name of the valley explained its appearance, and the name of the waterfall explained the virtue of its owner. The cave was named "Hanju Cave" to illustrate that it was fashionable. The pond was named "Gentleman's Pond", which means that the large capacity of the pond symbolizes the owner's self-cultivation and the accumulation of various virtues; the overflowing water symbolizes the owner's ability to eliminate all kinds of evil deeds. The source of the spring water is named "Tianze Spring", which means that the spring water comes from a noble source and flows down to benefit people. Combining the meanings of the naming of the above-mentioned scenery, we named this pavilion "Yanxi Pavilion", which is based on the sentence "Luhou Yanxi" mentioned in the "Book of Songs" to praise its owner. So the elders among the people in Lianzhou heard about this and came here to watch it together. They said: "Our state's landscapes are famous all over the world, but there is no place that can compare with Yanxi Pavilion. We live and work nearby. People, their land is connected to this place, but no one realizes the value of this place. Maybe it is a beautiful place created by God and preserved by the earth in order to give it to this person who deserves it?
Since Hongzhong was demoted from the Ministry of Civil Affairs to Lianzhou, the places he passed on the road were as follows: entering Shangluo from Lantian, wading through the rapid Zhejiang River, arriving at the Han River, and climbing to Xianshou Mountain. From here You can see Fangcheng, then leave Jingmen Mountain, go down the Yangtze River, cross Dongting Lake, go up the Xiang River, go to the foot of Hengshan Mountain, and then cross Qitian Ridge from Chenzhou. Wherever you go, there are mountains where apes call home. The rivers and lakes inhabited by fish and dragons offer all kinds of magnificent and strange scenery in the deep waters and distant mountains. It is said that he is tired of hearing about the mountains and rivers, but his love for them is still not satisfied. : “The wise enjoy water, the benevolent enjoy mountains. "Hongzhong's character and his hobbies are really in harmony. He obtained the beautiful place of Yanxi Pavilion because of his wisdom, and was able to live here because of his benevolence. I know him from this. It won't be long before he is appointed by the imperial court and takes up a distinguished position, so he wrote this inscription and engraved it on the stone tablet.