○ ? Lake? hill
Chinese characters have been produced in the Yin and Shang Dynasties, giving people names expressed in words. The earliest written name of China is "Japanese name", which is related to the sun worship of the Chinese nation. Japanese names introduce ten "heavenly stems" into their names. The emperors and nobles in the Yin and Shang Dynasties first used "Tiangan" as their name. Later, people used it as their name. With the development of economy, society and culture, my name began to become complicated in the Zhou Dynasty. In addition to my name, there are words and obituaries, which form a certain etiquette standard. After death, emperors, governors and doctors of the Zhou Dynasty can have obituaries to evaluate the merits and demerits of the deceased.
? First, the name characteristics of the Yin and Shang Dynasties: heavenly stems and earthly branches
(1) In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, were there written names? The real name should be that after the appearance of words, the original oral name naturally evolved into the writing stage. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, a large number of Chinese characters appeared and tended to be stereotyped, and a large part of them were names. For example, there is the word "Ming" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, as well as names such as "Stone Man", "Zhong Ding", "Waibing" and "Xiao Yi", which are the earliest recorded names in China.
? oracle bone script
(2) ten-day work and name? The name of the emperor in Xia and Shang Dynasties is relatively simple, and it is often associated with "ten days of work". Such as Da Geng (Taikang) and Kong Jia in Xia Dynasty, Yi Tian, Wu Ding and Zujia in Yin Shang Dynasty. Academics call such names "Japanese names".
The origin of Japanese names is related to the worship of the sun god by the Chinese nation. The name of the Chinese nation is "Hua", which evolved from the ancient Chinese character "Wow". "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" records: "Wow, the sun is also." The so-called China people are people who worship the sun. According to legend, there were 10 suns in the ancient sky, named A, B, C, D, E, J, G, Xin, Ren and Gui respectively, and one sun shone on the world every day. The names of these 65,438+00 suns are also called "Ten Dry" or "Heavenly Dry". This custom of offering sacrifices to the sun was introduced into the name of the emperor, that is, the "Japanese name" in the name of "Ten Days of Dry". It symbolizes that the emperor shines on the world like the sun and is covered by the earth.
? Ten days of dryness
The names of Wang Shang are very regular: the first word is poor, and the last word is "ten dry words" For example, everyone and Yang's family were born on the first day of the month. Wu Yi, born on day B and day B; Ding Risheng has Wu Ding and Woding. The name of the Shang king before his death became the name of the temple after his death.
Named after ten stems, not only the royal family and nobles, but also the people generally put ten stems and ten branches in their names. Such as "Father Ding Ding", "Tiger Father Ding Jue" and "Fish Father C Jue". "Father" is a respectful name, and "Tiger Father Ding Jue" means that Ding Fu is a hunter. Father fish, Lord C, means that this father C is a fisherman.
Women are also named after Tiangan. For example, Wu Ding's spouses are Yan Xin, Yan Gui and Yan E.
? Father Ding Ding
Second, the characteristics of surnames in Zhou dynasty: the word "Shi" appeared.
In the Zhou dynasty, people's names were more complicated: first, besides names, there were names such as characters and names; Second, the naming method is complex and the words are more and more particular. This is not only influenced by social, economic and cultural development, but also related to the population growth and etiquette system in the Zhou Dynasty. The personal name system in Zhou Dynasty gradually formed some etiquette norms, mainly including "young name crown word", "name change veto" and "name contains praise and criticism".
(1) juvenile title word? This is a major change and feature of the naming system in the Zhou Dynasty. The so-called "baby name" means that the child is named by his parents soon after birth, so that he can be called. The so-called "crown word" means that when a man reaches the age of 20, he will hold an adult crown word ceremony, and his father and brother's friends will take the word for him. So the form of name symbols becomes complicated. A person is both famous and talkative. Claiming to use names and calling people by words. Such as: Kong Qiu, the word Zhong Ni; Monk, the word Yu Zi; Qu yuan, the word is flat. The emergence of Chinese characters and the use of Chinese characters to address people are the great influences of the etiquette system of the Zhou Dynasty on the name system.
? Monk, the word Yu Zi
(2) Renaming veto? "Renaming veto" means that once the name and word are decided, they cannot be changed. Why can't this word be changed? Because the relationship between names and words is "semantic attachment", they are closely related in meaning. Or synonymous with each other, such as Qu Yuan, whose name is Ping Zi Yuan; Or antonyms, such as Ceng Dian (black), hippo chef (white); Or even the meaning is inferred, such as thyme, clear pronunciation and mellow voice. If you change the word, it will affect the name, and it is also a disrespect for my late father's friends.
⑶ Rewarding names is another feature of the naming system in the Zhou Dynasty, and it is also deeply influenced by Zhou Li. The obituary law of Zhou Dynasty stipulates that emperors, governors and doctors can have obituaries after death, and the contents of obituaries are divided into two categories: beauty and ugliness to express their evaluation of the merits and demerits of the deceased.
As for the posthumous method, Zheng Qiao's General Annals can be divided into three categories: there are 12 1 words in the posthumous method, which are full of praise for the posthumous method. Such as: loyal people, SHEN WOO the Great (Guan Yu), Duke of Feast (Confucius), Zhou Wenwang (Ji Chang), King Mu of Wu (Yue Fei), that is, Shang Yang; There are 14 words in China people's funeral etiquette, such as "pregnant, mourning, mourning and quietness", such as: (Xiong Xin), mourning for King Zhou (Ji Meng), Emperor Wu of Jin (Sima Ye), Emperor Ai of Han (Liu Xin) and Zhou Youwang (Jigong). There are 65 words in the next eulogy, such as "wild, boastful, impetuous, arrogant and barren", such as Shang Zhouwang, Zhou Wang and Yang Di, and the next eulogy is a bad review.
? Yue Fei, Shi Wumu
Third, pre-Qin names with auxiliary words
Influenced by the commonly used meaningless auxiliary words in written language, people in the pre-Qin period often add modal auxiliary words such as "zhi" and "bu" to their names when writing and addressing, such as Jiezhitui, Candlelight, Percent, Shen Buhai, Gao Ignorance and so on. The words "knowledge" and "no" in the name have no meaning, and they were added by others for the beauty of writing (China ancient writing pays attention to the upper and lower parts) and reading buzzwords. Not part of the name.
? lv buwei