Speaking of Wuhan architecture, the most famous are Wuhan landmark buildings such as Guiyuan Temple, Hongshan Pagoda, Changchun Temple, and Qingliang Village. Wuhan, referred to as "Han", is the capital of Hubei Province, China. It is located in the eastern part of Jianghan Plain. The world's third largest river, the Yangtze River, and its largest tributary, the Han River, run through the center of the city, dividing Wuhan's urban area into three parts, forming a pattern of three towns, Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang, standing across the river. The following is relevant Wuhan architectural information compiled by Zhongda Consulting for architects. The specific content is as follows:
Wuhan Architecture - Guiyuan Temple
Introduction to Guiyuan Temple:
Guiyuan Temple Guiyuan Buddhist Temple is located at the west end of Cuiwei Street, Hanyang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. It was built by Master Baiguang in the 15th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1658 AD). It is known as "the most spiritual temple for praying in the world". The existing buildings were built successively in the third year of Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty (1864), the twenty-first year of Guangxu (1895) and the early years of the Republic of China. In 1983, it was listed by the State Council as a key Chinese Buddhist temple in the Han area. Guiyuan Temple now covers an area of ??more than 17,500 square meters, with a construction area of ??more than 10,000 square meters. There are dozens of monks, and the abbot is Master Longyin. The main building in the south courtyard of Guiyuan Temple is the Luohan Hall, which was built in the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. It was destroyed by a military disaster in the second year of Xianfeng (1852). It was rebuilt in the 21st year of Guangxu (1895) and completed in 1902. It has a history of 200 years. Famous scenic spots include the Sutra Library and Luohan Hall.
Wuhan Architecture - Guiyuan Temple
The architectural history of Guiyuan Temple:
Initial construction
Since the establishment of Guiyuan Temple, there have been many wars. Repeated defeats and repeated successes. It was founded by Zhejiang monks Bai Guang and Zhufeng in the 15th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1658).
Renovation and reconstruction
The existing buildings were built successively in the third year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1864), the twenty-first year of Guangxu (1895) and the early years of the Republic of China. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the government has implemented the policy of freedom of religious belief, protected cultural relics and historic sites, and continuously maintained and repaired Guiyuan Temple, giving it a new look. From 1973 to the present, Guiyuan Temple has undergone large-scale repairs. In 1983, it was listed by the State Council as a key Chinese Buddhist temple in the Han area.
Wuhan Architecture - Guiyuan Temple
Building scale of Guiyuan Temple:
Temple size
Guiyuan Temple now covers an area of ??more than 17,500 square meters meters, with a construction area of ??more than 10,000 square meters. There are dozens of monks, and the abbot is Master Longyin. The temple has towering ancient trees, luxuriant flowers and trees, clear springs and green water, and winding paths leading to secluded areas. It is known as "the best place in western Han Dynasty". It is also the seat of the Hubei Provincial Buddhist Association and the Wuhan Buddhist Association.
Guiyuan Temple is famous among Buddhists for its perfect architecture, exquisite sculptures and rich collections. Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao, overseas Chinese and many foreign tourists include dignitaries from various countries such as King Sihanouk of Cambodia, US Secretary of State Kissinger, and Singaporeans. Former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew and Japanese Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone have come here to visit and presented gifts to the temple respectively.
Guiyuan Temple is located on Cuiwei Road, Hanyang District, Wuhan City. In 1983, it was designated as a national key Buddhist temple in Han Dynasty by the State Council. It is now the seat of the Hubei Buddhist Association and the Wuhan Buddhist Association. Here there are towering ancient trees, luxuriant flowers and trees, clear springs and green water, and winding paths leading to secluded areas. It is a "one of the best places in western Han Dynasty".
Architectural style
Guiyuan Temple consists of three distinctive courtyards: the North Courtyard, the Middle Courtyard and the South Courtyard. It has three main buildings: the Sutra Pavilion, the Main Hall and the Luohan Hall. Covering an area of ??more than 17,500 square meters. The main building in the north courtyard is the Sutra Library. It is a pavilion-style building with five bays on both sides. It is about 25 meters high. It has a large ridge on the top, fish angles and claws, flying beams and eaves. It is simple and exquisite. In front of it are four pillars reaching the sky and two phoenixes. In the rising sun, five dragons play with pearls. The whole building is exquisite, magnificent and resplendent. There are many Buddhist cultural relics stored here. In addition to Buddhist scriptures, there are also Buddhist statues, religious objects, stone carvings, calligraphy and painting inscriptions, and foreign language classics. It is a Buddhist temple with the largest collection of Buddhist statues in China. When Master Taixu visited Myanmar in 1935, Buddhists in Yangon gave him a statue of Sakyamuni Buddha weighing more than 1 ton of jade, which was enshrined here. There are only three such Buddha statues in our country, and the other two are enshrined in Beijing and Shanghai respectively.
The Buddhist scriptures collected in the Sutra Pavilion include: a copy of "Long Zang" from the Qing Dynasty, a photocopy of "Qi Sha Zang" from the Song Dynasty, and a "Pinga Zang" printed in Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. There are also two treasures: one is the word "Buddha" written by Li Shunqian, a 69-year-old man in Hengshan, Hunan, in the first year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1875). The word "Buddha" is written on paper no more than 6 inches long and wide, and consists of 5,424 characters from the original text of the "Diamond Sutra" and "Heart Sutra". Each character is only as big as a sesame seed and cannot be distinguished by the naked eye. Look at it with a 30x magnifying glass and you will see that the pen is strong and beautiful. It is a calligraphy treasure. The other piece is the Huayan Sutra and the Lotus Sutra, which were copied with blood and gold powder by monk Miao Rong from Wuchang. The handwriting is beautiful and can be called a masterpiece. In 1948, Yang Shumou inscribed the couplet of the Grand Master's Pavilion of Guiyuan Temple.
The main building in the south courtyard of Guiyuan Temple is the Luohan Hall. It was built in the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. It was destroyed by a military disaster in the second year of Xianfeng (1852). It was rebuilt in the 21st year of Guangxu (1895) and completed in 1902. It still has Two hundred years of history. There is a folk proverb: There is Baoguang (Chengdu) above, Xiyuan (Suzhou) below, Biyun (Beijing) in the north, and Guiyuan (Wuhan) in the middle. It is said that the Five Hundred Arhat Halls of these four temples are the most representative and the essence of Buddhist statues. The worship of the Five Hundred Arhats in Han Chinese Buddhism began in the Five Dynasties. At that time, King Qian of Wuyue built 500 bronze Arhats at Fangguang Temple in Tiantai Mountain. The name of the Five Hundred Arhats was first seen in the "Fu Zhai Stele Records" of the Five Dynasties, but unfortunately it no longer exists. In the fourth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1134), Gao Daosu recorded the "Arhat Honor Stele of Jiangyin Military Qianmingyuan", which named five hundred Arhats one by one. The Luohan Hall of Guiyuan Temple is laid out in the shape of "field". Four small patios provide good ventilation and lighting conditions for the large and deep hall. Arhats are arranged according to the word "field". Although there are 500 statues of the Venerable in the hall, there is no feeling of crowding. This architectural pattern is both clever and reasonable. The Five Hundred Arhats here were built by Wang Dai and his son in Huangpi County, Hubei Province in nine years. Huangpi is still the hometown of sculpture in Hubei, with a long tradition of clay sculpture, skilled craftsmen and numerous artists. The craftsmanship adopts "bodiless lacquer sculpture", also known as "golden body and sand sculpture".
In the Ksitigarbha Hall outside Luohan Hall, Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva is enshrined. The wood-carved shrine in the hall is a masterpiece, with dougongs and flying eaves, fish claws moving, two phoenixes facing the sun, flying dragon rollers, relief columns, flowers and figures, all of which are extremely exquisite and exquisite. They are rare art treasures in China.
The main building in the middle courtyard is the Main Hall. The hall was first built in the 18th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1661), and has been repaired many times since. The current Main Hall was rebuilt in 1908, the 34th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. In the middle of the hall is a seated statue of Sakyamuni, flanked by his disciples Ananda and Kasyapa. Sakyamuni bares his left shoulder and sits in lotus position, solemn and quiet. The back of the Buddha statue is carved from camphor wood with the pattern of "five dragons holding the saint". There are also statues of Wei Tuo, Maitreya and Ksitigarbha in front of the Buddha statue. Behind the Buddha statue is a group of island Guanyin statues. I saw Guanyin standing barefoot on the island, with a dragon girl and a boy standing on her left and right. Behind her was an eight-foot-high clay sculpture cliff, with vast expanse of blue waves and raging waves beneath her feet. The entire statue tipped forward. When people look up, they see Guanyin's sleeves seeming to be fluttering, walking towards you on the turbulent waves, which increases the appeal of religious art. The altar table in front of the Buddha statue is a rare wood carving treasure.
Wuhan Architecture - Guiyuan Temple
Architectural attractions of Guiyuan Temple:
Zangjing Building
The main building in the north courtyard is the Zangjing Building building. The Sutra Pavilion was built from 1920 to 1922. It is a pavilion-style building with two floors and five bays. It is about 25 meters high. The top is a large ridge with an animal head, fish horns and claws, brackets and eaves. It is simple and exquisite. In front of it are four pillars reaching the sky. Two phoenixes rise to the sun, five dragons play with pearls. The entire building, doors and windows are painted with vermilion and carved with carvings. It is exquisite, spectacular and resplendent. It is the only ancient building with brick and wood structure in Wuhan. There are many Buddhist cultural relics collected here. In addition to the Tibetan Sutra, there are also Buddhist statues, religious objects, stone carvings, wood carvings, calligraphy and painting inscriptions, and foreign language classics.
The Buddhist statues collected in the Sutra Collection Building include stone Buddhas and stone carvings from Dunhuang, Yungang, Longmen, Maijishan, Bingling Temple and Thousand Buddha Caves from various places. There are various artistic styles, including gilt, silver, copper, stone carvings, wood carvings, porcelain sculptures, clay sculptures, ivory carvings, jade carvings and other textures, and some are gifts from Southeast Asian countries.
It is a Buddhist temple with the largest collection of Buddhist statues in China, and some of its cultural relics are rare treasures at home and abroad. For example, there is a jade statue of Sakyamuni Buddha displayed in the main hall of the Sutra Pavilion. It weighs more than one ton, has exquisite carvings and superb skills. It was presented to China by Buddhists in Yangon when Master Taixu visited Myanmar in 1935. There are only three such exquisite jade Buddha statues in China, and the other two are in Beijing and Shanghai. Another example is the stone carved Guanyin statue buried in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It has a light posture, a bun with an open chest, a tassel on the body, and a pure vase in hand. It has a history of more than 1,400 years and has high historical and artistic value. There are also two mahogany statues of Bodhidharma, which are exquisite wood carvings from the early Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. The two statues, one sitting and one standing, are full of personality and vividly represent the form of Bodhidharma who has been facing the wall for nine years, meditating with his eyes closed, and detached from the outside world.
The Buddhist scriptures collected in the Sutra Pavilion include: "Longzang" of the Qing Dynasty, ***714 letters are divided into 48 cabinets for storage. A photocopy of the Song Dynasty edition of "Qi Sha Zang", totaling 593 letters. Part one of the "Pinjiazang" printed in Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China (missing the number one character "Han"). At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the Commercial Press photocopied one copy each of the Japanese editions of "Xu Zang" and "Taisho Zang". In addition, there are two amazing treasures: one is the "Buddha" character sutra written by Li Shunian, a 69-year-old man in Hengshan, Hunan Province in the first year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1875). On the paper, it consists of 5424 characters from the original text of the Diamond Sutra and the Heart Sutra. Each character is only as big as a sesame seed and cannot be distinguished with the naked eye; if viewed under a 30x magnifying glass, each character is meticulous and the writing is strong and graceful. It is truly a treasure of calligraphy. The other is the Huayan Sutra and the Lotus Sutra, which were copied with blood and gold powder by monk Miao Rong from Wuchang in the early years of the Republic of China (1915-1924). The calligraphy is beautiful and rare.
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