(1) Mongolian surnames?
There are generally four types of Mongolian surnames:?
1. The surname is the name of the tribe. "Secret History of Mongolia" records that the eleventh generation of Genghis Khan, Duancha, captured a female captive named "Zhaerchiwuti Adanghan Wuliang Hezhen". Wuliang is the name of the tribe, Adanghan is his real name, and Zharchiwuti is the name of the clan. Therefore, the female prisoner's surname was Wulianghezhen (which means female, if she is a male, she is called Wulianghehe), her name was Adanghan, and she was a member of the Jharchiwuti clan. The order of naming is: surname, given name, clan. The banners of Zasak and Taiji in the eastern region of Karaqin are all surnamed Wu. It is Hetong, the seventh grandson of Lemei (one of the four heroes of Genghis Khan) from Wulianghe (also known as Wulianghai) who founded the Karaqin reason. This is to take the beginning of the name of the department as the surname.
In the record about Genghis Khan on the first page of the first volume of "Yuan History", the surname is also directly recorded as: "Temujin, surnamed Qiwowen." Qiwowen is also recorded as "Begging "Yan" is also the name of the tribe to which Genghis Khan belonged. The strange surnames in today's Ordos all come from this. When Rashid's "Historical Collection" describes the Tatar tribe, he says: "Anyone from this tribe, if they are a man, are called Tutu Heiligui, and if they are a woman, they are called Tutu Heilizhen."?
2. Use the name of this clan as the surname. The Zasak and Taiji surnames of the Horqin, Gorros, Duerbot, and Zhalaite tribes built by the descendants of Hesar (the second brother of Genghis Khan) all had the surname Bao, which originated from the birthplace of Hesar. Erzhijin (also recorded as the Borzijit clan. This is the reason why the clan name starts with the surname; Dongtumote originally lived in Zhuosuotu League, Eastern District). This is also the reason for Bao's family name. , caused by Baoxielan. ?
3. Use the ancestor’s name as the surname. In ancient times, for example, Tuotuo, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty and majoring in the three histories of Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties, was originally a surname of Mierjini. Later generations took Tuotuo as their surname. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was Tuotuo Ni, and in the Ming Dynasty, there was Tuotuo Buhua. Modern people use the names of their ancestors as their surnames. For example, the national hero Zaida Meilin, who was born in the Horqin Left Wing Middle Banner, began to take the character "Mo" as his surname after his ancestor Mollettu, and the homophonic pronunciation was recorded as Meng, so Ga. Damelin's Chinese name is Meng Qingshan. Another example is that the distant ancestor of Fugerit, the charge d'affaires of the prince of the former banner of Guoerluosi in Beijing, was a native of Wulianghe. His original surnames were Wu and Wu, but the descendants of Fugerit have taken "Fu" as their surname. There are also many Mongolians in the eastern region who change their surnames. ?
4. The surname is not based on the tribe or clan, nor is it based on the father’s name, but a special name in history. For example, when the ancient Mongols went on an expedition, the family members and baggage left behind were called "Olu", so these family members took the surname "Olu", and their descendants changed their surname to "Olu". During the Yuan Dynasty, all those who surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty and were incorporated into the Mongolian army had the word Mongolian added to their surnames, so later generations had "Meng" as their surname. In addition, Mongolians were often given surnames during the Ming Dynasty. Ruhuoyou was attached in the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), and his name was changed to Huozhuang. Guanyin Bao, in the 16th year of his reign (1383), was named Li Guan. Chou Donkey was named Li Xian in the 21st year of his reign (1388). ?
5. Use Han surnames as surnames. This mainly refers to the free translation of Mongolian surnames into Chinese surnames. For example, Xirat means yellow in Mongolian, and is translated into the surname Huang; Chagan means white in Mongolian, and is translated into the surname Bai; Huhe means blue, and is translated into the surname blue; Alatan means gold, and is translated into the surname Jin, etc. . There are also surnames with homophonic pronunciation and similar Chinese characters as surnames. For example, if his father's name is Boyan, the son's surname will be Bai with the homophony of the first character of "Boyan"; another example is Huo Ni Chi, whose surname begins with "火". The homophonic pronunciation is Huo, etc., or the Chinese surname can be used directly.
The origin of the Han surnames of the ancient people
Historically, with the integration of ethnic groups and the mutual penetration of cultures, Mongolians began to have Tibetan names and Han names, and some Mongolians switched to using single surnames with Chinese characters. , especially in areas close to the Han people, this phenomenon is more common.
The Mongolian people are one of the few inter-provincial ethnic groups in China. Among them, the Mongolian people living in Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Yunnan, Sichuan and other places now generally use Han surnames. The Mongolian people living in the eastern part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region The clan members also have single surnames in Chinese characters.
Historically, there were many reasons why the Mongolian people changed to use Han surnames, and the circumstances varied. One of them was "giving a surname to a surname".
For example, in the late Yuan Dynasty, a Mongolian general named Boyan Timur fought bravely and led his troops to defeat peasant uprisings many times. However, he was defeated once and returned to the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty admired his martial prowess and gave him the surname "Zhang". His descendants have been serving in the army, and it has been passed down to Zhang Sheng, his great-great-grandson, who was promoted to the governor of the capital.
For another example, in the late Yuan Dynasty, some Mongolian nobles changed their surnames to avoid disaster while fleeing.
Another origin of the Mongolian people’s Han surnames is the literal translation of the Mongolian multi-syllable surnames into Chinese surnames. For example: "Sirat" in Mongolian means yellow, translated as "Huang" surname; "Chagan" means white, translated as "White" surname; "Alatan" means gold, translated as "Gold" surname, etc. . Some people use homophonic Chinese characters as their surnames. For example, if the father's name is Buren, then the first character "Bu" of "Buren" is used as the surname; if the father's name is "Hude", then the homophonic "Bu" of the first character "Hude" is used as the surname. "Hu" is the surname, etc. Some Mongolians directly use Han surnames.
Oboge (Mongolian surname) Chinese surname
Qiyan Qi, Qi, Chen, Qin
Boer only has the names of Bao, Bao, Bao and Bo , Qi, Luo, Bo
Nagosna
Xiao Dexiao
Kelie is also wary of He, He
Wang Gu Tiwang, Wang
Hongjila Tihong
Tie Lianggu Titie, Che
Uliang Hawu, Wu, Yu, Wei
Manchu Gudeman
Dulbert Du, Si
He Shuotehe
Guo Erluosuo, Gao, He
p>Huhe Naoru Ru Dehe
Isdeyi
Summer Gaolexia, Huang, He
Mergenhara Mei
Yan Hude Yanmen
Tai Yichiwu Tidai
Hulemusihu
Duge Qingdu
Haina Hehai, Bi
Zhou Erna Dezhou
Huanu Tehua
Aolegaonud Ao, Zhao , Wang
Bairu Debai
Hailetu Dehai
Lai Hatuda Lai, Zhao
Li Mosri Li
Du Rude Duhuo
Yi Rihu Deyi
Zhu Le spared Zhu, Zhou and Kang
Wu Ji Ye Tiwu, Wu
Wuzhumu Qinwu, Wu
Bahu Bahu
Zhao Mengdai Zhao
Keshiketeng He, He
Musi Chenmu
Baoleg Qinbao
Xi Rechen Xi
Bao Rihante Bao
Taiben Tai, Wu
Tong Shinar Tong
Tanggu Te Tang, Xia, Xiang
Xia Nari Xia, Xiang
Zhu Li Zhenzhu
Husi Huihu, Hu
Tai Yishishi
Huhe Shaobuhe, Fu
Haila Suhai, Yu
Sadulhasa
Zha Layier Zhao, Ji
Mao Hulaimou, He, Li
Meerkidem
Sarezhiwuti Cai, Ma
Tatardai, Tan, Bai, Wang
Ba Yawu Tibai, Fu
Xilet Dexing
Yong Xie Buyun, Rong, Yong
Weng Gaodeao
Gua Lege Yaguan
Chule Hudchu, Qiu, Chen
Senji Deshen
Chahar Chang, Zhang, Bai
Nutugqin'ou
Qiang Keleqiao
Gong Guru Dekong, Gong
Silju Dexie, Xing
Suofen Song Dynasty
Darihu Dedai
Chu Wu Ri Chu De Chang
Chao Lu Tu De Qiao, Chao, Cao, Shi
O'en Zhenwen
Suleji Desun
Hang Jinkang, Han
Ang Qin'an
Zai Sangzhai
Yilu Teyin
Zharanud Zhang
Hari Nuthan, Ha
Mole Tutmeng
p>Bhunna Tiquan
Balul Rashu
Oronaldo
Nagaqin Pass
Tu Mertewan
Turghut Section
Hadanudfeng
Ezhidkin
Oyila Tilin, Liu , Zhang
Zhu Gaqin Qian
Zungar Zuo, Zhu
Wen De Rige Qing Gao
Da Lang Gu Liang
Oge Degening
Huldugu Dong Dong, Hu
Du is still Taibenman
Nukchu Deyao
Nigslyi
Hao
Qitechen
Hangxi Gudjia
Harong Gudro
Jileglededeng
Huret Yuan
Tao Riganxi Rituan, Huang
Aduqinma
Wuhe Riqinniu
Tao Gaoqinguo
Huoni Qinyang, Huo
Harima Chixie
Tari Aqintian
Wuna Gaqinju
p>Bosqinbu, Dai
Temu Riqintie
Taogeqinqi
Zhuleqindeng
Naumuqin Gong, Gong
Zageqinyu
Sarita Uleyue, Yue
Ming Anqian, Qian
Usu Dexu
Bakshinar Division
Shabinar Miao
Xirinudhuang, Jin
Baogu Deer
Alatu Dejin
Huite Leng
Galchu Dehuo
Nichu Guti Bai, Ni
Wu Yisang Zhou, Wei, Wu
Busy and alert He, He, Ma'e, Wu
Brigya Tefu, Quan
Ao Hanbai
Yihe Junmeng
Guwu Ribai, Gu
Zhu Riqi Dekang
Olet Dehu, Bai
Gachagu Teli, Gan
Wengniu Tegao, Bao, Ao
Kalaqinwu , Han
Zalchut Tao, Qin
King Orud, Shan
Woteri Gusijin
Bide Wu De Di
He Le Chu De Huan
Ge Gen Tuo Rule Liu
King Ning Gade, Ning
Haji Gutchai
Oleste Mei
Gashunudzhao
Habha Qinchen
Lost Treasure Chi Palace , Gong
Xirimu Deyue, Tie
Nangjia Wang, Nan
Tabu Nangwu, Wu
Aba Ganal'an, Yue
Baori Nude Wu
Shaji Gaipan
Bayila Ge Chibian
Ao Taogetulin, Ding
Mongolian surnames
Mongolian surnames
Today Wengniute Banner has a population of more than 47,000 Mongolians, most of whom They are the Mongols from the original Wengniute Left Wing Banner, followed by the Mongols from the original Aohan Banner who lived along the north bank of the Zheha River, and some of them migrated from Tumut, Karaqin, Naiman, Kulun, Bahrain and other banners. The Mongols came.
The Mongolians in Wengniute and Aohan all remember their Mongolian surnames, and some of them adopted Chinese surnames according to the pronunciation or meaning of their surnames. Mongolians from various southern banners have adopted Chinese surnames, and many of them no longer know their Mongolian surnames.
In the past, those who married between Mongolian and Han Dynasties, the son followed the father's ethnic group. Since 1980, nearly 5,000 people with Han fathers and Mongolian mothers have changed their name to Mongolian, and they still use their father's Han surname.
The surnames of the Mongolians living in Weng Banner are as follows:
1. Borzhijin's family (Chinese surname Bao) - Borzhijin means blue-eyed person in Turkic language ("Historical Collection"). The Borjijin family of Weng Banner is a descendant of Ha Chiwen, the third brother of Chengji Khan. 2. The Bugu Naji clan - they are one of the five sons of Alan Hua and the descendants of Bugu Natai ("Secret History of Mongolia").
3. The Tatar clan (Chinese surnames Dai and Tan) - is an ancient clan that often appears in Mongolian history.
4. Aoyi Maodu clan (Chinese surnames Lin and Mu) - Aoyi Maodu means forest in Mongolian. This clan may be an early "common people in the forest" ("Secret History of Mongolia").
5. The Hongji Citi clan is an ancient clan. In the Yuan Dynasty, it often married with the Borzhijin clan. The number of people in this banner is not large.
6. The Honghuoti clan is an ancient clan. It is recorded as "Huanghuo Tan" in "The Secret History of Mongolia", and is also recorded as "Huanghuo Tan".
"Honghuo" means bell in Mongolian.
7. Wurihan clan (Han Yu, Wu) - some people say they are a branch of the Wuliangha clan.
8. Shubuguzhen (Chinese surname Gong) - Shubuguzhen means "eagle raiser" in Mongolian. It often appears in the history books of the Yuan and Ming dynasties, and is also recorded as "Zhu Baozhen". "Gong" may be taken from the harmonious meaning of "Gong".
9. Habu Geqin (Chinese surname Chen) - Mongolia in the Ming Dynasty had "Hamaxhen", and the two sounds of "Ma" and "Bu" in Mongolian were mixed. "Habug" is a shackle used for hunting in Mongolian. Qin is a personal name, so some people interpret it as "hunter".
1O． The Tang Wu Ti family (Han surname Tang) - there are many people in the banner, and there has long been a saying of "five hundred Tang Wu Ti". Tang Wuti was a native of Xixia in ancient times.
11. The Xanari family (Han surnames Xia, Tang, and Bai)—the people themselves said that they were a branch of the Wuti family in the Tang Dynasty. "That day" in Mongolian is a personal plural ending, like "men" in Chinese. "Xia Na Ri" means "people of summer". 12． Chahar's
13. Khalkha
14. Hangelle's
15. Ji Rute (Han surname Ji)
16. Hellasus
17. Sarheitishi——"Sarihei" means wine in Mongolian, so it is translated as "people who make wine".
18. Selmo clan - Selmo means "sword" in Mongolian.
19 ‘Teguruge? Taiben clan—one of the clans called themselves a branch of the Chahar clan, and they did not intermarry with the Chahar clan.
20. Zhao? Eri clan - "Zhao" means a hundred, and "Eri" means a man. "Zhao'e Day" can be interpreted as "Hundred Warriors". "Beilu Kao" of the Ming Dynasty has "Zhao'er family".
21． Chu Heri clan (Chinese surname Chu) - one of the branches is called "Wuhe Ri Chagan" (Chinese surname Niu). twenty two. Xirinut people (Chinese surnames Wang and Huang)
23. Xiri Qidan (Chinese surname Huang)
24. Huksulshi
25. Qedans (Chinese surname Chen)
26. Yu Congshi
27. Xitangut's
28. Taiben?Satanshi
29． Erdenshi
3O. Baoqingshi
31. Lai Xiaoer's
32. Sansava
33. Huledu - "Huldu" means "frozen" in Mongolian. It is said that they are a branch of the Aoyi Maodu clan.
34. Chaerjiti family (Chinese surname Chai)
35. Haijiute clan (Chinese surname Chai) - "Haijute" means "slope" or "side" in Mongolian.
36. Alatas (Chinese surname Jin)
37. Galatas (Chinese surname Huo)
38. Galazhu (Chinese surname Feng)
39. Daolao Daogusen (Chinese surname Qi) 4O. Mengti family (Chinese surname Meng)
41. Chadha
42． Uluru Ti (Han surname Wu)