No antibody is produced after hepatitis B vaccine inoculation, which means that after the whole course of hepatitis B vaccine injection, hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) is negative or weakly positive after an interval of more than two months.
anti -HBs concentration 1-3 months after the first full immunization with hepatitis B vaccine >: =1 mIU/mL, which can be considered as a reliable serological marker for long-term prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, indicating that the antibody is effective.
In p>218, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice in the United States also pointed out that:
Negative hepatitis B surface antibody means that no antibody is produced, while weak positive indicates that the antibody produced is not enough. In both cases, it shows that the human body has no specific immunity against hepatitis B virus.
The reasons for the failure of hepatitis B vaccine immunization are complicated, which can be divided into two aspects: vaccine factors and organism factors.
1. factors of vaccine
factors such as the type and quality of vaccine, the location and route of vaccination, the procedure and dosage of vaccination directly affect the vaccination effect. Attention should be paid to the following points when hepatitis B vaccine is inoculated:
① The inoculation site should be in the deltoid muscle of the upper arm, because there is much fat in the buttocks, most of the vaccine is absorbed by the adipose tissue after hip injection, but the adipose tissue is not easy to store, and the response rate of hip injection is lower than that of upper arm injection;
② The hepatitis B vaccine should be shaken well before inoculation, because the HBsAg in the hepatitis B vaccine is adsorbed on the aluminum hydroxide adjuvant and precipitated at the bottom of the bottle, and there is no HBsAg in the supernatant;
③ Hepatitis B vaccine should be stored in a refrigerator at 4℃ for 2 years;
④ We should adhere to the whole course of 3-needle immunization, and the vaccination procedure is , 1 and 6 months, which can achieve good immunization effect.
2. About children's physical factors
① Genetic factors
Most scholars believe that HBsAg carriers have family aggregation, which may be autosomal recessive inheritance. The occurrence of no (low) response after vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine is related to HLA typing and site. Individuals with HLA-DR3+ or HLA-DR7+ phenotypes have a higher probability of low response after hepatitis B vaccination.
② hepatitis B virus mutation
If the antigenic determinant α related to anti -HBs induced by hepatitis B vaccine mutates, the binding force between antibody and surface antigen of variant strain of hepatitis B virus decreases, which may lead to the failure of immune protection of hepatitis B vaccine.
③ Cytological basis of no (low) response to hepatitis B vaccine
Those who have a good immune response to hepatitis B vaccine and whose peripheral blood mononuclear cells have a good immune response to recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen, their peripheral blood mononuclear cells are active in stimulating proliferation of recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen; However, those who have no (low) response to hepatitis B vaccine have no obvious proliferative response (abstract, everyone can understand that there is a problem with the immune system).
④ Intrauterine infection with hepatitis B virus
Intrauterine infection with hepatitis B virus is an important reason for the failure of neonatal vaccination. Domestic and foreign data report that the intrauterine infection rate is as high as 13%-44%. The possible mechanism is that fetal exposure to hepatitis B virus antigen leads to immune tolerance to hepatitis B virus, T cell tolerance leads to low cellular immune function, specific stimulation to hepatitis B virus surface antigen, and insufficient secretion of interleukin -2 and expression of interleukin -2 receptor.
No antibody is produced after hepatitis B vaccine injection, or the antibody produced is not enough. The treatment method should be decided according to the specific situation.
1. For adults with low immune function or no response, the vaccination dose (such as 6μg) and the number of injections should be increased.
2. Those who do not respond to the three-shot immunization program can be vaccinated with one shot of 6μg or three shots of 2μg hepatitis B vaccine.
3. 1-2 months after the second inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine, it is necessary to detect the serum hepatitis B surface antibody. If there is still no response, another injection of 6μg recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine can be inoculated.
4. For those who have insufficient antibodies, they can be injected with hepatitis B vaccine once.
Those who have been supplemented and strengthened with hepatitis B vaccine will be tested for hepatitis B surface antibody after two months. For some people who have produced a little antibody but not enough, it may take longer to produce antibodies slowly.
If the hepatitis B vaccine is injected repeatedly, for example, more than three times, and no antibody is produced, there may be no more ways for such people to try to use imported vaccines.
It is important to emphasize that some people are very anxious about never producing antibodies, and they don't focus on the fact that they are not infected. You know, there are still many people in the world who have no antibodies, and they have not been infected with hepatitis B all their lives.
For these children, parents struggle with the fact that they have no antibodies every day. It's really unnecessary!
introduction? The child injected hepatitis B vaccine, why didn't he produce antibody?
After the baby is born, the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine should be injected within 24 hours, and the sooner the better. After that, the second and third injections will be completed in the first month and the sixth month of the child's birth. Generally, two to six months after the injection, the antibody titer should be rechecked for the child to ensure whether the child has immunity.
Many parents will check two and a half couples for their children before they enter kindergarten, because there are more people in contact, and the children have to eat at school. However, many parents found that their children had no resistance. The hepatitis B vaccine was obviously injected, and there were many stitches. Why didn't they produce antibodies?
because my child was also examined by two and a half teams when he first entered school, and there was no antibody. So I checked some information, and the child did not produce antibodies, which may be due to insufficient injection dose, poor immunity of the child, and the application of some drugs to suppress immunity during the child's illness. The most important reason is his own immune tolerance.
Generally, children who are not negative for anti -HBs are required to be vaccinated again, and vaccinated three times at , 1 and 6 according to the time rule of hepatitis B vaccination until the children produce antibodies.
children can't go to check and test immediately after three doses of vaccine, but wait for two and a half months after vaccination until the children produce antibodies. China is a big country with hepatitis B itself, and vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine is the main way to protect children's health. However, the injection of hepatitis B vaccine is not once and for all, and the antibody will gradually decrease with the passage of time. This is also the reason why many adults and children checked for hepatitis B antibody a few years ago and re-examined it a few years later without antibody.
It is suggested that it is necessary to check every three or four years, and it is necessary to replant the antibody in time when it disappears.
Hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective means to block the mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus. Within 12 hours after delivery (preferably within 6 hours), 1ug of recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine or 2ug of Chinese hamster oocyte (CHO) hepatitis B vaccine were injected intramuscularly, and 3% of the children could form antibodies. When the newborn was delivered for one month, 1ug of recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine or 2ug of Chinese hamster oocyte (CHO) hepatitis B vaccine were injected into the muscle again, and 5%~7% of the children produced antibodies. When the newborn was delivered for six months, 1ug of recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine or 2ug of Chinese hamster oocyte (CHO) hepatitis B vaccine was injected intramuscularly for the last time. More than 9% of children can get antibodies. If the pregnant mother at home is HBsAg and HBeAg positive (highly contagious), 1~2IU of HBIG (hepatitis B immunoglobulin) can be injected intramuscularly within six hours after the delivery of the newborn, and the immunization process (-1-6) can be completed with reference to the above immunization plan, and 95%~98% of the children can get immune protection.
If 8% of the children in a kindergarten do not produce hepatitis B antibodies, this situation needs to be held accountable. Most children in kindergartens are 3-5 years old, and the protective effect of people with antibody response after vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine can last for at least 12 years. That is to say, these children are not protected by immunization. Then there are two possibilities: 1. Failing to vaccinate according to the immunization plan. 2. The vaccine is invalid. If it is not vaccinated according to the immunization plan, it is necessary to clarify the antibody situation in the body. If the anti -HBS antibody is found to be less than 1mIU/ml, it is necessary to strengthen immunization. However, if there is no anti -HBS antibody, the vaccination process of (-1-6) needs to be repeated. If the vaccine is invalid, it is necessary to repeat the immunization process of (-1-6). It is also necessary to trace whether the vaccine is stored in the cold chain throughout the whole process and rule out the possibility of fake vaccines.
Children are the future of the motherland, and their health is no small matter. Only by sorting out the reasons in time and taking necessary measures to remedy them in time can their health be avoided. I wish the babies health and safety.
When we went to get the vaccination,
The staff told me that the hepatitis B vaccine was not used until the child was three years old.
After the child was three years old, the vaccination was useless.
It means that there are no antibodies, so blood tests are needed and then re-vaccination is needed.
But if you get the vaccine again, there will be a charge.
No more free hepatitis B vaccine.
Later, I heard that it is difficult to get antibodies without three shots at my own expense.
My child has been given all the national free vaccines, but there are still no antibodies.
Later, I had three injections at my own expense, and there were still 1 antibodies after a year's review.
Of course, because of everyone's physical differences.
Maybe some babies still have antibodies when they are three years old,
And some babies don't have antibodies when they are over two years old.
Therefore, it is suggested that the baby can recheck the hepatitis B antibody after 2 and a half years old.
If not, it is necessary to re-vaccinate the hepatitis B vaccine for a fee.
As for whether the free hepatitis B vaccine is a fake vaccine,
We don't know.
this may not be true. When we entered the kindergarten for physical examination, there were antibodies. It is understandable if there is insufficient antibody to hepatitis B, but it is definitely impossible without antibody. In our country, there are people who have no antibodies after hepatitis B, but they are very few, so it is impossible for 8% of them not to have antibodies.
Generally speaking, it is possible that there is insufficient antibody to hepatitis B.. However, it is said that children have insufficient hepatitis B antibodies, and it is necessary to do two and a half hepatitis B or five quantitative hepatitis B. There are specific data to prove that hepatitis B antibodies are insufficient. Without any data, it is said that the child's hepatitis B antibody is insufficient, which is definitely a set for playing hepatitis B booster.
this kind of situation exists in some areas, because many kindergartens have physical examinations in health centers where they are vaccinated, so this kind of situation will happen. Please look at the data and talk. There is no data to prove that hepatitis B antibody is insufficient. Please be skeptical. Finally, find a big hospital to do hepatitis B five quantitative or hepatitis B two and a half.
To tell a real example, a friend's child went to kindergarten and said that there was not enough hepatitis B antibody when he entered the kindergarten for physical examination. The friend didn't believe the physical examination without data, so he went to the local 3A hospital to do five quantitative tests of hepatitis B. The results showed that the data of hepatitis B antibody was not only within the range, but also very high.
This is really the case. Many children will find that there is no antibody to hepatitis B when they go to kindergarten, and the kindergarten will specially remind them to check this.
I remember that my child added another shot for insurance after three shots of hepatitis B. As a result, there was still no antibody during the physical examination. I had to have four more injections.
I also asked this question at that time. Why did I get hepatitis B without antibodies? The doctor said that this has something to do with personal physique and the dose of vaccine. However, this situation of my children is too common, and there is no problem. After three injections, there will usually be antibodies.
Sure enough, the child was checked again after the fight, and there were antibodies. However, there is no guarantee how long this antibody will last. Sometimes, I privately wonder if I got a fake vaccine. After all, this happened in Shandong!
Naming is an important thing, so many parents will try their best to master some specific naming methods. But in fact, naming is inseparable from your five elements. You must know what life you are among the five elements. Hongtu naming gives you a few things to pay attention to. I hope everyone can pay attention to it when naming and play an ideal name.
First, we should pay attention to the use of words when naming babies
Chinese characters are one of the characters with the largest number of users and the longest use time in the world. It has a history of more than 6, years, and it has formed various forms of expression in the cutting period of Mutong. It exists in today's real cattle life and is used by people. As a carrier of culture and information, it records the long history and splendid culture of our country, and it still plays an important role in our national construction and daily life. Hanning also has the advantages of beautiful figure and strong friendship, but there are also many strokes, which are difficult to recognize, write and remember. Therefore, how to use the convenient name of Xiang Liu in the light of the limitation of Chinese umbrella body is also an aspect that we must consider when naming.
The child was obviously vaccinated against hepatitis B, but why did he find no antibody during the physical examination in kindergarten?
Hepatitis B vaccine can't be administered for a lifetime, and because each child's constitution is different and the dose of the vaccine is different, the antibody exists for a different time. The best way is to give your baby a screening for hepatitis B antibody every two to three years, and if there is no antibody, you will be vaccinated again.
When my baby was two years old, because there was no one to take care of the child, I planned to send it to kindergarten. Before entering the park, we should have a physical examination. At that time, we thought that children's vaccines were done regularly, and there should be no problem with regular physical examinations. Who knows the result came out, but it was beyond our medical treatment. The doctor said that the baby had no hepatitis B antibody.
At that time, Dad Bao and I were very puzzled. Since the baby was born, the hepatitis B vaccine should be injected regularly. How could there be no antibody? Is there something wrong with the vaccine Later, when I asked the doctor, I realized that the dose of neonatal vaccination is generally small, and hepatitis B vaccine can only last for about three years. In addition, each baby's physique is different, so the antibody exists for different times. This is normal.
The best way is to give your baby a regular physical examination every year, so that you can find the problem in time and replenish the vaccine in time.
Children should register for hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours after birth, and then take it once a month, three times in a row.
At present, hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective way to prevent hepatitis B infection. After hepatitis B vaccination, you will not be infected with antibodies.
Most of them.