Selective vaccination can reduce infection.
There is no specific medicine to treat infants infected with rotavirus in early winter. Some experts specially reminded that "parents should not use antibiotics indiscriminately during their children's illness to prevent adverse consequences."
In recent years, many children choose to be vaccinated with rotavirus, but there are many kinds of rotavirus. At present, the inspection equipment can only detect the virus, and it is impossible to find out which type the virus belongs to. Therefore, there is still a chance of infection after vaccination, but even if it is infected after vaccination, there is an 80% chance to avoid serious illness.
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Spherical, 70nm, nucleic acid, staged double-stranded RNA, stable structure, heat resistance, acid and alkali resistance
There is hemagglutinin on the surface, which inhibits the contact between V and ecll. Hemagglutinin can be destroyed by trypsin and cultured.
It's hard to raise
Cell culture of Macaca mulatta Ma- 104
Children with diarrhea in autumn and winter (HRV) belong to group A.
Nucleic acid electrophoresis: divided into 4-2-2-3 stages.
Electrophoresis patterns of adult rotavirus group B 4-2-24
Group C electrophoresis mode 4-3-2-2D electrophoresis mode 5-2-2-2.
Group A and Group B can't be distinguished morphologically, but they can be distinguished by electrophoresis.
Beware of rotavirus in autumn and winter transition period
According to reports, rotavirus has obvious seasonality, and especially likes to be active at around 20℃. In Guangzhou, we should pay special attention to the transition period of autumn and winter. Through three years' observation, Children's Hospital found that most local children were infected with rotavirus from June 65438 to February 65438 every year.
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Pay special attention to dehydration symptoms.
The doctor said that after the human body is infected with rotavirus, the virus is most active after 3-5 days, so the initial symptoms of patients are not necessarily diarrhea, but may also have cold symptoms such as fever, cough and sore throat. Some patients will defecate several times a day, accompanied by vomiting and abdominal pain, which is easily misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal cold. However, once dehydration occurs, attention should be paid to it.
This year is different from previous years: "The symptoms of vomiting and fever are more obvious, and there are more cramps. At the same time, the probability of infection in children under 2 years old is relatively higher. " Dr. Wang, director of the Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital and Pediatric Department of the Sixth Hospital of Zhongshan, said in unison. In the Sixth Hospital of Zhongshan, there are more children with cramp complications.
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Drinking milk will prolong diarrhea.
After rotavirus enters human body, it mainly infects small intestinal epithelial cells, thus causing cell damage and diarrhea. At the same time, the villi of the small intestine that can help the human body digest are damaged and broken, and the small intestine cannot absorb the water and nutrition of the human body, and the feces become watery after being excreted. Some patients have diarrhea 10 times during rotavirus detoxification, 20 times a day, and then dehydration occurs. If diarrhea is not stopped, it will further endanger life. In addition, complications of intussusception and aspiration have been found in some patients in recent years.
It takes a week to repair the villi of small intestine. Before this, if children drink milk powder, breast milk, milk and sucrose, it may also prolong the time of diarrhea.
Detailed explanation of rotavirus diarrhea in children
Infantile autumn diarrhea is a kind of viral diarrhea. According to the investigation, 80% ~ 90% of this diarrhea is caused by rotavirus. Under the electron microscope, the virus is spherical, the middle shell is arranged radially outward like the spokes of a wheel, and the outer shell is similar to the outer edge of the wheel, so it is named rotavirus.
Rotavirus is distributed all over the world. It was popular in Europe and America as early as 1930s, and it is one of the main causes of infant death in developing countries such as Asia, Africa and Latin America. Since the 1950s, there have been epidemics in more than 20 provinces and cities in China, covering almost the whole country. The virus also caused mutual infection in the baby rooms of maternity wards, which led to diarrhea of many babies, and some even caused death.
According to the detection, rotavirus will not die at the high temperature of 50℃ 1 hour; It can survive for 7 years under the severe cold condition of -20℃; Can be stored at -70℃ for a long time. It also has strong tolerance to acid and alkali, and ordinary detergents have no killing effect on it, but it cannot reproduce in the external environment. It is precisely because of these characteristics of the virus that it can lurk and wait for a long time in an unfavorable environment. Once it has the opportunity to enter the human body, it will multiply and cause diseases. And then excreted with feces, polluting the external environment. Infect others again. So far, humans have not found an effective drug to effectively kill this virus.
Rotavirus is only a small branch of a huge virus family, but it also has brothers and sisters. According to the data, rotavirus is currently divided into two categories, more than a dozen groups. The symptoms caused by each type are basically similar, but they are slightly different. When the human body is attacked by rotavirus for 2-3 days, antibodies against this virus can be produced in the body. Generally, in a short time, even if you are infected with this virus again, you will not get sick. However, there is no cross-immunity among different types, that is, when you are infected with rotavirus type I and produce antibodies against rotavirus type I, you may not get sick after being attacked by rotavirus type I, but you will still get sick after being attacked by virus type II. Most mothers of newborns have been infected with different rotaviruses. Therefore, the mother's early milk will contain a large number of various types of antibodies. Breast milk, especially colostrum, can play a very good protective role.
The infection source of rotavirus diarrhea in children is mainly virus-free adults or children. After the virus is discharged, it often pollutes water, food, clothes, toys, utensils and so on. When healthy people touch these items, they will enter the human body through their hands and mouths. Animal experiments have also confirmed that viruses can also enter animals through the respiratory tract, causing digestive tract diseases. Whether people can also be infected with rotavirus through the air has not been confirmed.
Diarrhea mostly occurs in China10 ~1February, accounting for about 80% of the total cases, followed by a small peak from March to May. Infants infected with rotavirus began to get sick after an incubation period of 1~3 days. The main symptom in the early stage is vomiting, with a body temperature between 38℃ and 39℃, and then diarrhea. The stool is about 10 times a day, and individual children can reach 20 times. There may be feces in the early stage. After several times of diarrhea, the feces are watery or thin rice soup-like, with no purulent blood and a large amount. Because of a large amount of water loss, children will be dehydrated quickly, with symptoms such as listlessness, indifference, lethargy, pale face, sunken front chimney door and eye socket, loose skin, inability to flatten immediately after pinching, less urine, and dry oral mucosa. If dehydration is not corrected in time, it will often lead to death. It is not difficult for doctors or experienced parents to make a correct diagnosis according to the characteristics of season, watery stool and no purulent blood. The key is whether they can get correct and timely treatment.
At present, there is no specific medicine to kill rotavirus, and all kinds of antibacterial drugs used now are ineffective against the virus. The correct treatment is to correct the child's dehydration and acidosis as soon as possible. Children with mild symptoms can be corrected by oral rehydration. Commonly used is the oral rehydration salt recommended by the World Health Organization. The formula is: sodium chloride 3.5g, sodium bicarbonate 2.5g, potassium hydride 1.5g, glucose 20g and water 1000ml, which can be used as water for children to drink. Children with severe symptoms can correct dehydration and acidosis by intravenous infusion and take dipyridamole orally at the same time. It is reported that dipyridamole has obvious inhibitory effect on rotavirus. In recent years, interferon (IFN) has also been used to treat rotavirus infection. This medicine can inhibit the reproduction of virus in human body, thus alleviating symptoms and shortening the course of disease.
In addition, oral rehydration agents are constantly improving. Earlier in Southeast Asia, rice soup was used instead of glucose oral liquid, and the effect was good. In our country, some people have used fried rice or millet instead of rehydration agent to cook rice soup, and achieved obvious results. The specific production method is: stir-fry rice or millet with low fire until brown, then add water to cook porridge, filter to remove rice grains, and feed it to children with rice soup. The charred rice has been partially carbonized, which has the function of absorbing toxins and stopping diarrhea. It can also be added to the oral liquid recommended by the World Health Organization to replace water for children to drink. If there is no oral rehydration agent, you can add 3.5 grams of salt, 2 grams of baking soda and 30 grams of sugar to every 1000 ml of burnt rice soup. Starch, vitamins and other minerals in rice soup can not only supplement children's nutrition, but also help children restore gastrointestinal function, which is an ideal treatment at present. Newborns with autumn diarrhea should continue to feed breast milk or colostrum. About 90% of breast milk or colostrum has antibodies against rotavirus, which can alleviate symptoms or shorten the course of disease.
In recent years, great progress has been made in the prevention of autumn diarrhea. In addition to following the general prevention methods of intestinal infectious diseases, such as isolating patients, washing hands before and after meals, and not eating unwashed and spoiled food, it has been reported that pregnant women vaccinated with rotavirus vaccine can increase rotavirus antibodies in milk, and newborns can eat up to three kinds of breast milk, which can improve their ability to resist rotavirus infection. In addition, oral rotavirus vaccine is considered to be the most effective and simple prevention method, which is being studied in many countries at present, and some of them have been made into live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine, live attenuated bovine or monkey rotavirus vaccine and recombinant live attenuated vaccine. Some vaccines have not caused adverse reactions in adults or infants after clinical trials. Other countries are using DNA recombination technology to develop rotavirus vaccine, and it is expected that this vaccine will be widely promoted and applied around the world in the near future, just like taking Ermatang pills orally.