Mountain climbing has become one of the must-have items for many adventurous people, especially some challenging snow-capped mountains that they continue to climb. So what is the largest mountain in the world? Come and find out with me!
Mount Everest (the highest peak in the world)
Mount Everest is the main peak of the Himalayas and the highest peak in the world. It is located on the border between the Republic of China and Nepal. Its northern slope is in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, its southern slope is in Nepal, and its peak is in China. In Tibetan, "Zhumu" means goddess, and "Langma" means third. Because there are four other peaks near Mount Everest, Mount Everest ranks third, so it is called Mount Everest. Mount Everest is the world's highest mountain. The rock face height measured by China's National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping in 2005 is 8844.43 meters. Nepal uses traditional snow cover to reach a height of 8848 meters (29029 feet). Since 2010, the two countries have officially recognized each other's height. Measurement data. In addition to being the highest mountain in altitude, it is also the fifth furthest peak from the center of the Earth. It is the main peak in the Himalayas.
Geographical environment
Mount Everest is in the shape of a giant pyramid, majestic and majestic, with its head high into the sky. The terrain is extremely steep and the environment is very complex. Snow line height: 5800-6200 meters on the north slope and 5500-6100 meters on the south slope. There are three steep walls (north wall, east wall and southwest wall) sandwiched between the northeast ridge, southeast ridge and west mountain ridge. There are 548 continental glaciers distributed between these ridges and cliffs, with a total area of ??1457.07k㎡ and an average thickness of Reaching 7260 meters. The supply of glaciers is mainly formed by the metamorphism of snow in the two major precipitation belts of the Indian Ocean monsoon belt. On the glacier there are various, magnificent and rare serac forests, as well as ice cliffs tens of meters high, bright and dark ice fissures with traps, and dangerous ice and avalanche areas.
Mount Everest is not only majestic and majestic, but also majestic. Within 20 kilometers around it, there are many peaks and mountains. There are more than 40 peaks above 7,000 meters above sea level. The more famous ones are Lhotse Peak (8,516 meters above sea level, the fourth highest peak in the world) 3 kilometers to the south and Zhuoqiong Peak at 7,589 meters above sea level. To the southeast is Ma Karu Peak (8463 meters above sea level, the fifth highest peak in the world), 3 kilometers to the north is Zhangzi Peak with an altitude of 7543 meters, and to the west are Nuptse Peak (7855 meters) and Pumori Peak (7145 meters). On the periphery of these giant peaks, there are some world-class peaks facing each other in the distance: to the southeast is the world's third highest peak, Kangchenjunga (8,585 meters above sea level, the boundary peak between Nepal and India); to the west is Gezhong Kang Peak, 7,998 meters above sea level. , 8201-meter Cho Oyu peak and 8012-meter Shishapangma peak. It forms a magnificent scene of peaks approaching and the peaks surging.
The most recent measurement of Mount Everest was in 1999 by the National Geographic Society using the GPS global positioning system. They believed that the altitude of Mount Everest should be 8,850 meters. The altitude of Mount Everest once recognized by countries around the world was measured by the People's Republic of China and the National Mountaineering Team in 1975, and it was 8848.13 meters above sea level. But the outside world also has many opinions such as 8848 meters, 8840 meters, 8850 meters, 8882 meters, etc. On May 22, 2005, the People's Republic of China and the National Mount Everest Height Measurement Mountaineering Team successfully climbed to the summit of Mount Everest and accurately measured the height of Mount Everest again. The new height of Mount Everest was 8844.43 meters, and the summit is located in China. At the same time, the data of 8848.13 meters in 1975 was deactivated.
Geological Evolution
The Himalayan region where Mount Everest is located was originally an ocean. Over the long geological time, a large amount of gravel and silt were washed away from the land and accumulated in the Himalayas. In the mountainous area, marine sedimentary rock formations more than 30,000 meters thick are formed here. Later, due to strong orogeny, the Himalayan Mountains were squeezed and raised violently. According to estimates, the average rise is about 20 to 30 meters every 10,000 years. To this day, the Himalayan Mountains are still rising, with an average rise of 20 to 30 meters every 100 years. It rises 7 centimeters per year.
As time goes by, the height of Mount Everest will continue to change due to the movement of geographical plates.
Interestingly, although Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world, its summit is not the farthest point from the center of the earth. This particular point belongs to the Chimborazo Mountains in South America. The tall and majestic image of Mount Everest has always had a huge impact locally and around the world.
Geographical location
Located in the middle section of the Himalayas at the junction of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China and the Kingdom of Nepal, with 27?59?15.85? north latitude and 86?55?39.51? east longitude, the northern slope is in China It is within the territory of Tingri County in the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, and the southern slope is within the territory of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.
Origin of the name
Tibetan?job-mo Glang-ma rib? (Qomolangma) means "Mother of the Earth". In Tibetan, Jo-mo means goddess, and glang-ma means mother elephant (in Tibetan, gland-ma has two meanings: mountain willow and mother elephant). Mythology says that Mount Everest is the palace where the five-ring child ga lives. However, there is another English saying that appears many times in middle school textbooks, namely Mount Qomolangma or Qomolangma Mount. This mountain peak is generally called Mount Everest or Mount Everest in the West to commemorate George Everest, director of the Survey of India who was responsible for measuring the Himalayas when the British occupied Nepal. . The Nepali name is Sagarmatha, which means "goddess of the sky". This name was given by the Nepali government in the 1960s. Previously, the Nepalese people had not given this mountain a name, and the government did not choose to use a transliterated name due to political reasons. The "Lotus Relics" unearthed in 1258 was called "Laqi", and the Kagyu monk Sankyi Gyaltsen's "Milarepa Song Collection" called the location of Mount Everest "Dingdo Snow". In 1717, surveyors of the Qing Dynasty surveyed and mapped the "Imperial Map" in the Mount Everest area, and named it after "Zumlang Ma'alin". "Alin" is Manchu, meaning "mountain". In 1952, the Chinese government changed the name to Mount Everest. In 1952, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the General Administration of Publication of the Central People's Government of China announced that Mount Ephesus should be renamed "Mount Everest". In 2002, "People's Daily" published an article arguing that the English name "Mount Everest" used in the Western world should be renamed to its Tibetan name "Mount Everest". The newspaper believes that the West uses the English name "Mount Ephesus". The mark on the map of China 280 years ago was named after "Everest". Taiwan has traditionally called this mountain "Mountain Everest".
Biological species
The top of Mount Everest is covered with ice and snow all year round. The glacier area reaches 10,000 square kilometers, and the snow line (4,500-6,000 meters) is lower in the south and higher in the north. The southern slope has abundant precipitation. Below 1,000 meters is the tropical monsoon forest, between 1,000 and 2,000 meters is the subtropical evergreen forest, above 2,000 meters is the temperate forest, and above 4,500 meters is the alpine meadow. The northern slope is mainly alpine meadow, and there are forests and shrubs in the valley below 4,100 meters. There are peacocks, gibbons, Tibetan bears, snow leopards, Tibetan antelopes and other rare birds and animals in the mountains.
1. Plants There are 2,348 species of higher plants in the Mount Everest Nature Reserve, including 2,106 species of angiosperms, 20 species of gymnosperms, 222 species of ferns, 472 species of bryophytes, 172 species of lichens, and fungi. 136 species.
2. Crops
There are many varieties of crops, including wheat, highland barley, buckwheat, chicken feet, corn, potatoes, peas, rape, etc. Livestock species include yaks, oxen, oxen, horses, mules, donkeys, goats, sheep, etc.
3. Animals: 53 species of mammals, 206 species of birds, 8 species of amphibians, 6 species of reptiles, and 5 species of fish. According to incomplete statistics, there are 160 known medicinal plant resources in more than 50 families. The reserve is not only rich in wildlife resources, but also extremely rich in crop variety resources and livestock breeding resources.
Climatic conditions
Mount Everest has a majestic peak and a unique geographical environment. The lowest temperature at the summit is minus 30 to 40 degrees Celsius all year round. Some places on the mountain are covered with snow all year round, and glaciers, ice slopes and seracs can be seen everywhere. The air at the peak is thin, and the oxygen content of the air is only a quarter of that in the eastern plains. Winds of magnitude 7 or 8 often blow. Level 12 strong winds are also not uncommon. The wind blows the snow, flying in all directions and filling the sky.
The climate in the Everest region and its nearby peaks is complex and changeable. Even within a day, it often changes unpredictably, let alone ups and downs throughout the year. Generally speaking, the rainy season lasts from early June to mid-September every year. The strong southeast monsoon causes frequent heavy rains, clouds and fog, and unpredictable ice and snow. From mid-November to mid-February of the following year, due to the strong northwest cold current, the lowest temperature can reach -50°C, and the average temperature is around -30°C. The maximum wind speed can reach 90 meters/second. From the beginning of March to the end of May every year, here is the spring when the wind season transitions to the rainy season, while from the beginning of September to the end of October is the autumn when the rainy season transitions to the wind season. During this period, there is a possibility of better weather, making it the best season for mountain climbing. Due to the extremely cold climate, it is also known as the third pole in the world. According to radio sounding data from the Tingri Weather Station at the foot of Mount Everest, the coldest month at an altitude of 7,500 meters is February, with an average temperature of -27.1°C. , the hottest month is August, with an average temperature of -10.4℃ and an annual average temperature of -19.6℃.
Travel Guide
The route into the mountains from the territory of the People's Republic of China is: take a bus from Lhasa along the China-Nepal Highway via Yanghu, Gyantse, Shigatse, and Shegar , Rongbuk Monastery, Mount Everest, Nyim County, Qushui County, Lhasa, a total of 670 kilometers, a two-day journey, and then go south along the simple road through Pazhuo District. After driving 110 kilometers, you will reach the northern foot of Mount Everest, with an altitude of 5145 meters. The end of the Rongbuk Glacier? Rongbuk Temple. The 0-distance guide covers the itinerary of major tourist attractions such as Mount Everest, Yamdrok Lake, and the Brahmaputra Grand Canyon. Mount Everest is far away on the national border, about 100 kilometers south of the China-Nepal Highway. It is not very difficult to find a ride from Shigatse and Lazi to Sindingri, but the chance of finding a ride in the remaining 100 kilometers to the base camp is quite low, so it is recommended to charter a ride from Lhasa.