When Confucius visited the temple in Lu Huangong, he saw a tilting and easily-repeated instrument. Confucius asked the temple keeper, "What is this instrument?" The temple keeper replied, "This is an instrument for those who forgive." Confucius said: "I heard that the seat that is to be pardoned will tilt when it is empty, will be upright when it is half filled with water, and will tip over when it is full of water." Confucius turned to the students and said, "Fill it with water." His students brought water to fill it, and when they poured half of it, it stood upright. When it was full of water, it fell over, and when it was empty, it tilted again. Confucius said with emotion, "Alas, how can it be full and not overturned?" Zilu said, "Is there a way to keep it full?" Confucius said: "those who are smart and wise use stupid methods;" If the credit is greater than the world, we will use the method of concession; Those who shock the world with courage use timid methods; If you are rich all over the world, you will use humility. This is the so-called method of constantly filling and losing.
427 2. Translation of Classical Chinese
Original text
Ding's family in Song Dynasty, who had no well at home, went out for irrigation and often lived alone. His family went through the well and told people, "I went through the well alone."
The person who heard the news said, "Ding Shi went through the well alone." The Chinese people know it, and they heard it from Song Jun. Song Jun was asked by Ding.
Ding Shi said to him, "If you want one person, you have to be in the well alone." It's better not to smell it than to smell it.
Notes
① Selected from Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: The Theory of Cautious Behavior II: A Survey.
② irrigation-pumping water from a well to water the land. Irrigation: sound gai, irrigation. Ji: Yin Ji, draw water from the well.
③ and-wait.
(4) People in the capital talk about it. Country: Ancient countries were also called "countries".
⑤ I heard it from Song Jun-Song Jun heard it. The pronoun refers to the fact that "Ding Shi got one person through a well" and is the object of "smell". Yu: Preposition: When being told, introduce the initiative. Song Jun: Song Guojun.
⑥ Ask Ding-ask Ding Shi about it. Yu: Preposition: Speak to.
⑦ use refers to labor.
Translation
The Song State in the Spring and Autumn Period was located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, lacking rivers and lakes, and it was dry and rainy. The crops planted by farmers are mainly watered by well water.
At that time, there was a farmer named Ding who planted some dry land. Because there is no well in his land, he has to be carried by horses and donkeys to water the land, and he gets water from the far branch of the river. Therefore, he often sends a person to live in a shack made of thatch on the ground, and specializes in this kind of farm work of carrying water, transporting water and watering the land all day long. After a long time, everyone who has lived in this farm and watered the land all day feels a little tired and tired.
After consulting with his family, Ding Shi decided to dig a well to solve this irrigation problem that has troubled them for many years. Although only a well with a depth of more than ten meters and a diameter of less than one meter is excavated, it is not an easy task to dig, borrow soil and reinforce the shaft wall underground. Ding Shi's family got up early in the dark and worked hard for more than half a month to build the well. On the day when the water was taken for the first time, Ding Shi's family was like a festival. When Ding Shi lifted the first bucket of water from the well, his whole family was so happy that they couldn't shut their mouths. From then on, it is no longer necessary for their family to always send a person to live in the wind and sleep, and work hard to transport water to irrigate the land. Ding Shi said to everyone, "I dug a well at home and got a manpower!"
After listening to Ding Shi's words, some people in the village congratulated him, while others didn't care because they didn't care. However, no one paid attention to who spread the story of Ding Shi's well drilling from head to tail, saying, "Ding Jia dug a man out of the ground when he was drilling a well!" As a result, a small Song kingdom was stirred up by this sensational rumor, and even the King of Song was alarmed. King Song thought, "If a living person is really dug out of the ground, it is either a fairy or a demon. I have to find out the truth. " In order to find out the truth, the King of Song specially sent someone to ask Ding Shi. Ding Shi replied, "The well drilled by my family has brought great convenience to irrigate the land. In the past, I always sent a person to irrigate farmland all the year round, but now I don't need it. From then on, there was an extra worker at home, but this person was not dug out of the well. " It's better not to listen to rumors like this.
explanation
"Shi": surname.
"irrigation": fetching water.
"through": digging a well (interpreted as "drilling", "drilling" or "sinking").
"make": use.
Explaining "Zhi"
There is no well in Song Zhiding's family.
The person who heard about it said: pronoun, meaning "one person who goes through a well".
Chinese Daozhi: a pronoun, which means "one who goes through a well gets one".
I heard it from Song Jun: a pronoun, which means "one person who goes through a well".
Song Jun was asked by Ding: a pronoun, which means "one person who goes through a well".
get one person's help: auxiliary words, yes.
if you want to hear it, it is the post-attribute sign.
the passive sentence
was heard in Song Jun. -"Yu" is passive. Song Jun heard it.
Revelation
Everything must be investigated and studied to find out the truth. Never believe in rumors, spread them incorrectly, and cause audio-visual confusion.
don't blindly follow others' advice, and pass it on by mistake; To investigate and study; Think about everything and analyze it more to distinguish truth from falsehood. 3. Translation of Classical Chinese
Translation
Zhao Xinchen, whose name is Weng Qing, is from Shouchun, Jiujiang. Zhao Xinchen is hardworking, resourceful, and likes to do useful things for the people, and he is bent on making them rich. He personally encourages the people to engage in agricultural production. He doesn't stay and stay in the pavilion in the village, and rarely has a leisurely rest. He visits the springs of water in the county. There are dozens of sluice gates and other facilities that can drain water and block water, so as to expand the irrigation area. Paddy fields are increasing year by year, reaching as much as 3, hectares. The people have benefited from this and have extra food to store. Zhao Xinchen has formulated a regulation for the people to distribute water in a balanced way, and carved it on a stone tablet to prevent fighting. It is forbidden to be extravagant when marrying and dying, and it is necessary to proceed from thrift. The children of officials in Fuxian County like to wander around. If he doesn't take farming as an important thing, he reprimands them and dismisses them. In serious cases, he will investigate them and treat them with charges of illegal behavior. This shows that he advocates labor and hates laziness. The local education he governs has been widely implemented, and everyone in the county has tried his best to engage in agricultural production, and the people have turned to him. The population of households has doubled, and the number of thieves and lawsuits has decreased to a halt. Officials and people are close to each other and love the courtiers. Called him "Zhao Fu". Jingzhou secretariat reported that Zhao Xin Chen did good deeds for the people, so the county under his jurisdiction was enriched and rich. The emperor rewarded Zhao Xin Chen with 4 Jin of gold. He was promoted to be the prefect of Henan Province, and his political achievements and conduct were often rated as the first. 4. Classical Chinese translation
Sang Yi heard that there were more than a dozen robbers in Xiangcheng, and he went alone with a sword. Therefore, there were no robbers in Rupang County, and the Jingxi transshipment ambassador took the matter to the court, and Sang Zhou was appointed as the commander of the city. . Although Sang Zhou took the Jinshi exam in the imperial examination, his knowledge was not so good, but his behavior was in line with the truth in the book, which happened to him a lot. When Sang Yi stayed in Yongqiu, he was hit by a big flood, and there were two millet at home, which were ready to be taken on board. I saw someone walking to avoid water, so I threw away the millet and used the boat to carry people. Seeing that the people suffered from famine, they gathered people from the same village to support them until they ran out of millet. Sang Zhou is good at using swords and iron slips. His strength is greater than that of several people combined and he is very strategic.
thief: a person who makes a living by robbing houses and houses.
captain: the duty is to manage public security.
Ju: Take the imperial examination.
millet: panicum miliaceum, with round or oval seeds. It is commonly called "millet" in the north, and it is called "millet" after peeling. 5. Translation of classical Chinese
My own translation of ~~ ~ landlord ~ ~ is divided into parts
1. Guanyin is a stone pavilion in the west, and all streams are springs [2]; There are stones, and stones are all walls [3]. On the south bank, there are all bamboos, and all bamboos are surrounded by streams, and the stone leans on them [4]. It is difficult to swallow bamboo [5], so far, the forest is mu mu [6].
The west of Guanyin Stone Pavilion is criss-crossed with streams and gravel everywhere; The stream is all from a spring, and the stones are all the extra parts falling from the cliff. The south of the stone pavilion is full of bamboo leaves and grows next to the stones around the stream. Yanjing seldom saw bamboo in the past, but nowadays, bamboo has grown into acres, which is very Guang Mao.
2, bamboo, beginning branch [7]; Bamboo shoots, Zhang Jude [8]; Bamboo powder is born at the node, the shoot tip comes from the forest, the root whip comes from the fence [9], and the grandson is bigger than the mother [1].
when the bamboo grows to a height of ten feet, the branches are separated; When the bamboo shoots grow to a height of ten feet, the shell of the bamboo shoots has not fallen off.
Bamboo powder comes from the bamboo joint, bamboo shoots emerge from the forest, and the buds at the root of bamboo grow outside the fence. Small bamboos are stronger than old ones.
3. Crossing Longjiao Temple and going west, I heard the sound of spring. The spring flow is long and the sound is short, and the flow is flat. Flowers, Ququan and service on flowers [11]; Bamboo, canal spring and service on bamboo; It's too noisy. Flowers and bamboos are not in service [12], and the spring is still like a stone spring.
I passed Longquan Temple, then headed west, and finally heard the sound of spring water. The spring water flows a long way, but the sound is very short, because the terrain downstream is low and flat. Flowers have to be taken care of by canals and springs, and bamboo has to be taken care of by canals and springs; So the spring water can't make a sound.
If flowers and bamboos are not taken care of properly, the spring water will be like a bare stone (that is, it will have no meaning to exist otherwise)
4. Turbulent flow of stones [13], loud voices [14], people stepping over stones, and water drops gradually become clothes [15]. The small fish breaks the crevice [16], and when it smells the sound, it falls [17], and it is stuck in the sand [18].
The spring water flows freely between the cracks in the stone, and the sound of many streams is soft and uninterrupted. Tourists cross the river by stepping on the stone, and the water drops wet their skirts. Small fish swim quietly and calmly between the stones, and hide when they hear footsteps. Some fish get into floating grass, while others get into the mud.
5. Miscellaneous flowers and algae, the monk's garden can't be named [19]. Grass is unbearably [2], visitors are fighting for flowers [21], picking hundreds of ears [22], mutual [23], and semi-different [24].
There are so many kinds of flowers, like algae, that even monks or gardeners living in the mountains can't name them.
Flowers grow everywhere like weeds, which makes it impossible to distinguish the species, so tourists regard picking flowers as a competition game. They go to pick flowers everywhere, but it's only a hundred paces; Take out the flowers you picked and put them together, but half of them are different from each other.
6. However, the flowers in spring are not as good as the persimmon leaves in autumn [25]. Ye Zizi, Shi Dandan [26], the wind is beautiful every day [27], the trees are full of stars [28], and the wild fields are all on fire: Xiangshan says apricot [29], Yangshan says pear, and Shouanshan says persimmon.
But the flowers in spring are not as good as those in persimmon leaf in autumn. The leaves are faint purple, but the fruits are bright red; When the weather is sunny, at dawn, every tree seems to be covered with stars, and in the evening, it seems that the mountains are on fire: in Xiangshan, the sun is like apricots; In Yangshan, it looks like a pear, and in Shouan, the sun is a persimmon.
7. Go to Yuantong Temple in the west, and look at Taihe Temple. People in the mountains point to the end of the water [3], where the spring comes from. To Leilei, two stone corners are like ridges [31], from which the spring cover comes out.
climb the Yuantong Temple from the west, and look at the place in front of the Taihe Temple-all the people in the mountains are pointing there, saying that it is the source of the spring water. As soon as I arrived, I saw two corners between many stones, like two small pits, from which spring water probably flowed.
8. Birds and trees are loud, but springs cannot be heard suddenly [32]. After sitting for a long time, I began to say goodbye [33], saying, "The sound of birds, the sound of trees, and the sound of this spring."
the birds are chirping, the trees are flourishing, and the sound of the spring water is so soft that you can't hear it immediately. After sitting for a long time, I could tell, and then I said, "That's the chirping of birds, that's the swaying of leaves. Well, it's the sound of spring water."
9. Guangquan Abandoned Temple in the west, Wuhua Temple in the north. However, the traveler looks forward to the reclining Buddha and returns [34], saying, "The reclining Buddha has no spring [35]."
Then climb the abandoned temple near Guangquan from the west again, and walk half a mile to the north to get to Wuhua Temple.
The tourists turned back immediately after seeing the reclining Buddha Temple, saying, "There is no spring water in the reclining Buddha Temple". 6. How to say "I'm afraid" in classical Chinese
One morning, I skated to my neighbor's house to play. Soon, a yellow dog came after me. I hid behind my friend's door. When I came back, I saw another one. Fortunately, it didn't find me.
when I got home, I told my mother about it. My mother said, "Don't be afraid and don't run when you see a dog in the future. The more you run, the more you chase it. Just stand and pretend to hit it, and it will run away." I tried it, and it really works. I'm not afraid of dogs from now on.
(going swimming) Today, it's very hot. I'm going to turn into a Beijing roast duck because of the sun. Grandpa said, "Let's go swimming."
I thumped like a pony to get my bathing suit. Grandpa set off with us and will arrive soon.
I can't wait to put on my bathing suit, and I'm about to jump down. My grandmother tugged at me and insisted that I bring my swimming ring. I took my swimming ring and walked down.
I went into the cave slide. I slipped down and ate a lot of water. I came to a big ball again. The ball was transparent, and it was obvious from the inside out. I took a step in the ball and fell, but I couldn't stand it. I stopped playing.
When I came to the big swimming pool, the waves turned me over, but I floated back up. I started swimming. I rowed both sides with my hands and my feet tilted back. The water was very cold and comfortable.
paddling and paddling, I took off my swimming ring and swam. Unexpectedly, my grandmother found me. I jumped into a small swimming pool to swim. The water level here was very low, and the water was neither too cold nor too hot. I threw away my swimming ring and wanted to swim by myself. Unexpectedly, my grandmother found me again. My grandmother took me and said, "No swimming, no swimming, let's go home." Grandma dragged me away.
(shopping for clothes) Today, my mother took me shopping for clothes. When I came back, my mother and I were thirsty, and there was no water seller outside.
Walking, we suddenly saw a water dispenser behind the watch counter. My mother told me to ask my aunt for water, but I didn't dare to go. Then my mother supported me. At this time, I thought of the famous saying "A brave man is not a giant", so I asked, but my aunt said, "I am too busy to pour water for me now." Later, I went to ask an aunt next door who poured me water.
I said, "Thank you." When I got home, my mother praised me for being