It is said to be the first mountain in Nanjing that was artificially transformed. Qin Shihuang carved the mountain to connect the Huaihe River to vent his royal qi. People in the Jin and Song Dynasties thought it was here. Legends are often the shadow of history. Fangshan was included in the water conservancy project at least in the Soochow Dynasty.
The Wu people in the south use boats as vehicles, so water transportation is naturally the first choice. To the north of Nanjing, there is the Yangtze River, which is also a golden waterway. To the north, there are two waterways, Hangou and Chaohu, connecting the Jianghuai River to the east and the west. To the south of Nanjing, there is a weak link in waterway transportation. The terrain of Jinling is higher than that of Sanwu. There are no navigable rivers in the Taihu Lake Basin. Through extensive artificial transformation, connecting the river channels of Nanjing and Taihu Lake systems into a line has become the only option to make up for natural defects. The people of Wu named the project "Begangdu", which is a real carving out of mountains and ridges. Fangshan is the end point of Pogangdu, and Fangshandai is built in the south of the mountain. Dai is an earth dam that crosses the river. Pogangdu is high in the middle and low at both ends. It has to go up and down the fourteen dais along the way, so that the Taihu Lake boat can be lifted layer by layer to Jurong, then go down to Fangshan, enter the city via the Qinhuai River, and finally enter the Wu Palace.
When crossing the dai, if you use a cow to pull the boat, you have to pay the ox dai tax. It is a bit like the current highway toll station. There is a Tianzhu in Fangshan who is responsible for the management. Therefore, the ancients would send their friends to Fangshan if they were close friends and had good feelings. Since Fangshan is forty miles away from the city, most people would have to stay one night before saying goodbye. Fangshan becomes lively with welcomes and deliveries, and transfer of passengers and goods.
According to legend, during the reign of Emperor Jin Yuan, the people of Jiankang filed lawsuits everywhere because Zhang Tingwei, a high-ranking official, built gates privately and occupied private houses. When Fangshan stopped him and complained, Zhang Tingwei was frightened. He quickly tore down the gate and went to Fangshan to plead guilty. When Emperor Cheng of the Jin Dynasty passed away, the famous scholar Ruan Yu traveled thousands of miles from Kuaiji to Jinjing to go to the funeral. He did not see the famous people in the capital. Both of these events are recorded in "Shishuo Xinyu", so Fangshanjin is the only place to pass in and out of the capital from the southeast, opposite the famous Shitoujin from the north to the south. Wang Biaozhi and Xie Lingyun also had Fangshan's farewell poems as evidence:
Farewell poems to brothers Fangshan
Jin·Wang Biaozhi
Zhi Che Total wheel. Rafting and flying.
Silk dyed with ink depicts joy and sorrow. Lu Qiyang expressed his condolences.
The neighbors sent each other to Fangshan
Song Dynasty·Xie Lingyun
Only the soldiers left the imperial city, and stayed in Ouyue during the period.
Unwinding and trending, nostalgia cannot be released.
The forest is declining and the autumn moon is bright.
It is easy to be full of affection, but you can rest when things are difficult.
Accumulation of sickness creates worries, few desires and few things.
How can it be that we live in seclusion forever?
Each one strives for new goals every day, and the news comforts the silence.
Xie Lingyun came here to serve as the prefect of Yongjia. His Yongjia landscape poems were a major turning point in Chinese poetry. The two sentences "Analyze and analyze the decaying forest, and the bright autumn moon" already show the end of the affection for the landscape.
As more people pass by, people will notice the wonders of Fangshan Mountain. People in the Six Dynasties also loved the seclusion of mountains, rivers, springs and forests. At the end of Yuanjia Dynasty, Shangshu ordered He Shangzhi to live in Fangshan after his retirement. He also wrote "Fu on Retirement" to express his ambition. He Shangzhi is a famous layman who "praises Buddhism". Later, during the reign of Emperor Xiaowu, another eminent monk came to Fangshan to comment on "Shengwan" and "Micro Secret Sutra". This is the earliest evidence of Fang Shan’s relationship with Buddhism.
Fangshan was so nice that the emperor came to join in the fun. Emperor Wu of Qi dreamed of leaving the palace here. The great poets Wang Rong and Shen Yue both had poems called "A Visit to Fangshan in Response to the Imperial Edict", which may have something to do with this. Related:
Visiting Fangshan to answer the imperial edict
Wang Rong
Touring around to see the new year and drinking in Linqiu County.
The sun is shining in the mirror, and the clouds and flags are falling in the wind.
The four beautiful things are in the eyes, and the eight beautiful things are as beautiful as the eyes.
The minister secretly praised himself and offered Bai Liangyan in advance.
A visit to Fangshan to answer the imperial edict
Shen Yue
The night of the Qing and Han Dynasties is clear, and the fusang is dawning.
Singing songs under the sun, Jian Yu morning and evening pond.
The gold floats like water, and the imperial edict towers over the mountain.
As soon as it touches the dew of Jiuxiao, Chenopodium quinoa finally knows itself.
Later Zhu Hongwu also had thoughts about Fang Shan in his later years, "ordering the household department to locate outside Zhengyang Gate five miles away from Banqiao, from Niushoushan to Fangshan, and to the west by the river. Shanglinyuan, the Ministry of Household Affairs seeks to advance, and seeks to hinder the people's business."
The prosperity of Fangshan is closely related to Nanjing's status. After Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty unified the north and south and destroyed Chen, he did two bad things to Nanjing. One is that during the Six Dynasties, Taicheng was turned into farmland, which was a good thing. The unoccupied palace would eventually be demolished, and the common people could use two more bricks to build houses. There is another thing that is the real "destruction of flowers". It is abandoned and ruined. From now on, Nanjing seems to have been picked apart, and its close connection with the heart of Sanwu has been cut off, and its martial arts has been completely useless. After the founding of the Southern Tang Dynasty, because the Taihu Lake area was basically controlled by Wu and Yue, the southeast waterway was still blocked. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Jin Wushu suffered a big loss because of this. When he led a fleet full of goods back from the south of the Yangtze River, he could only detour to Zhenjiang. As a result, he was trapped in Huangtiandang, which was full of reeds and treacherous harbors. He was almost killed by Han Shizhong. Made dumplings. By the time Zhu Yuanzhang arrived, Pogangdu could no longer be restored, so he had to open a new Rouge River in Lishui to solve the transportation problem with southern Jiangsu.