Blood relationship titles, common names, self-titles in person
Direct biological father, father, daddy, father, daughter
Biological mother, mother, mother, mother-in-law, mother-in-law Son, daughter
Stepfather, stepfather, late father, uncle, father, daughter
Stepmother, stepmother, late mother, mother, daughter
Father's Father, mother, grandparents, father-in-law, mother-in-law, grandpa, mother-in-law, mother-in-law, granddaughter
Father’s grandfather, father’s grandmother, great-grandfather, great-grandmother, great-grandfather, great-grandmother, great-grandfather, great-grandfather, great-grandmother, great-grandmother, great-great-grandson , great-granddaughter
Brothers, sisters, brothers, sisters, elders call them brother, sister, younger ones generally call them by their first names brother, brother, sister, sister
Husband, husband, elder Guan someone (daughter’s name) father, alas, old lady, there is also a wife who directly calls her by her name
wife, madam, old man (pronounced Ru Ning) someone (daughter’s name) mother, alas, old woman, there is also a person who directly calls her by his name Call the person by his name husband
The husband’s father, grandpa, used to be called grandpa and mother-in-law by his children, but now he is called father, father, mother, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law by his children
The husband’s mother-in-law is called grandma.
Appellations for blood relationships, common names, self-proclaimed in person
Collateral father's brother, father's brother, uncle, uncle, uncle, uncle, eldest father, uncle, second father, third father, brother-in-law, little father , uncles, nephews, nieces
Uncle’s wife, uncle’s wife, aunts, aunts, aunts, aunts, aunts, now called second mom, third mom and other nephews and nieces
The children of uncles, the children of uncles, cousins, are called the same as their own brothers and sisters, and they are introduced with the word "cousin": brother, brother, sister, sister
Father's sister, father's sister, aunt, girl, aunt, Aunt, mother-in-law, uncle, aunt, now called eldest aunt, second aunt, uncle and other nephews and nieces
Brother’s wife, brother’s wife, sister-in-law, sister-in-law, sister-in-law, sister-in-law, eldest sister, The second sister and others are now called uncle by their first names, and now they are called brother and brother.
My husband's brothers used to be called uncle and uncle by their children. Their names are sister-in-law and sister-in-law
The husband's brother-in-law, spouse and sister-in-law used to be called sisters, but now they are called sisters, or they are called sister-in-law, sister-in-law, sister-in-law and sister-in-law
Sister-in-law , Daughter-in-law’s parents, in-laws, in-laws, father-in-law (mother) are referred to as brothers and sisters-in-law, now they are called son-in-law, daughter-in-law’s father and mother (××’s parents) sister-in-law, sister-in-law, sister, sister
Aunt’s husband and uncle Uncles and uncles used to call eldest daddy, second daddy, and uncle, but now they call eldest daddy, second daddy's nephew, and niece
The aunt's children's cousins ??are called brother, brother, sister, or sister, or they are called brother, brother, sister, or sister. "Cousin" means cousin, brother, sister, elder sister
Blood relationship appellation, common name, self-identification in person
Maternal lineage: parents, grandfather, grandmother, grandpa, grandpa, grandma, grandson, granddaughter
Mother’s brothers and their spouses, uncles, aunts, uncles, uncles, aunts, uncle Jinhu, aunts, nephews, nieces
Children of uncles, cousins Addressing them as brother, brother, sister, or sister or adding the word cousin, brother, sister, or sister
Mother’s sisters and their spouses, aunts, uncles, and aunts are all called daddy, aunty, uncle, and auntie. Uncle, now call eldest father, eldest mother, aunt, nephew, niece
The aunt's children, aunts, cousins, and cousins ??are called brother, brother, sister, or sister, or they are called "cousin", brother, and sister. , sister
The wife is the wife’s parents, father-in-law, mother-in-law, father-in-law and mother-in-law, and is called the wife’s father, mother-in-law and son-in-law
The wife’s brothers and their spouses’ brothers-in-law, brothers-in-law, brothers-in-law, uncles-in-law The sister-in-law is called the wife's elder brother, eldest sister, or the wife's brother-in-law, brother-in-law
The wife's sister-in-law is called the wife's sister-in-law, the wife's sister-in-law is called the wife's sister or sister
The wife's sister's husband Brothers-in-law and brothers-in-law refer to each other as brother and brother or call them by their first names.
Chinese surnames have a long history. It is said that they originated from the matrilineal clan society in ancient times. The Fuxi family began to "correct surnames and separate marriages", but In the pre-Qin era, surnames and surnames were two different concepts. Surnames originated in matrilineal clan society and were the names of groups of the same clan.
Name, surname is a branch of the surname, indicating the name of the tribal branch, and is used to distinguish the origin of descendants. Due to population growth, migration to different places, changes in status and skills, etc., some tribes can be divided, and these tribes are called clans. Clan is the representative and title of the aristocratic clan system. Before the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, most men were called surname. Women often use surnames, such as Confucius, so the surname is Kong, which is the surname, and Qiu, which is the given name. Because men are called surnames but not surnames, they are called Kongqiu instead of Ziqiu.
The surname mainly comes from four aspects:
First, it comes from the land and the surname given. The emperor is the person who gave the surname and the surname. Huangdi created twelve surnames for his twenty-five sons. The descendants of the Tao Tang family were granted the title of Liu, and their descendants took Liu as their surname.
The second is to take the place of birth as the surname. Huangdi was born in Shouqiu and grew up in Jishui, so he took Ji as his surname.
The third is to use the title or official position as the surname. The youngest son of the King of Chuzhuang became a Shangguan official, and his descendants took Shangguan as their surname.
Fourth, the surname is obtained due to things or other reasons.
Tian Qianqiu, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, was old and used to travel by car, so he was known as "Prime Minister of Che". Later generations took Che as their surname. Ge is an ancient surname. He was originally from the counties of Langya. Houtun moved to Yangdu. There were people surnamed Ge in Yangdu, and they moved there. When there were more people with the surname Ge, they were called Zhuge to distinguish them. From then on, Hence the compound surname Zhuge.
Due to the development of tribes, the population multiplied. The branches gradually became more numerous, and the family names also increased greatly. One surname can be divided into many surnames, and one surname can multiply into more surnames, so surnames are not fixed. In fact, the unification of surnames or their basic stability only happened after the Han Dynasty. Not long after the Qin destroyed the six kingdoms, the Han unified the world. The system of different surnames, which was an important symbol of the patriarchal system that maintained the Zhou royal family, also disappeared with the complete collapse of the royal family. So far. Chinese surnames are combined into one. They may be a surname, a surname, or both. In fact, the male surname is used instead of surname. This shows that future descendants are the result of the blood relationship of male surnames. Just as Gu Yanwu of the Ming Dynasty said in "Rizhilu": "People since the Warring States period have used surnames as their surnames, and the surnames since the Yellow Emperor have disappeared." "The names of surnames have been mixed since Taishi Gong." Surnames have become the link to maintain tradition and the symbol of uniting clans. Therefore, respecting ancestors has become a traditional virtue of Chinese people for thousands of years, and it is also a guarantee to maintain the unity of the motherland. . If a Chinese does not love and respect his ancestors and parents, it is difficult to imagine that he will become a patriot.
For hundreds of thousands of years, Chinese foreigners have migrated to other places. They still never forget their motherland, ancestral home, and ancestors. They often come to China to find their roots and worship. It is still clearly recorded in their genealogy. It is clear, as it is recorded in the genealogy of the Harada family, a descendant of Liu Bang in Japan: "The bloodline of Emperor Gaozu is a matter of serious existence. Although I want to cry, how can I get it? I also think about the establishment of the Chinese nation. Since the Han Dynasty, two thousand years have passed. Over one hundred and forty years, there were thirteen and four dynasties. Although the two countries experienced their ups and downs during this period, there are still many people who cherish the prosperity of the Han Dynasty and admire it. In the forbidden area, this genealogy was published, and the members of the same clan wanted to do something. The basis of the genealogy was to report the remaining virtues of the emperor Gaozu. "