1900, Freud published The Interpretation of Dreams, which was called a revolution in human history. This book is an important symbol of the formation of his psychoanalytic theoretical system. Interestingly, however, this book did not begin to attract people's attention. The first edition printed in Germany, with a total of only 600 people, was published six years later, and only sold 35 1, and no one cared. Before 10, 1908, the first and second editions were published. However, it was later regarded as a world-class by many western scholars, with a long-lasting reputation. After death is the eighth edition, and the last edition is in 1929. There has been no major change in this book, and each version only adds notes or slightly supplements. This book has been translated into many languages.
Before Freud wrote this book, he should not only make full preparations, but also collect a lot of information. 1896 and 1897, he had a dream and gave a speech in the Jewish academic lecture hall in Vienna. 1896 10, his father died, and he was extremely sad. Based on his own theoretical research and medical practice before 1897, he analyzed it himself. In other words, the fuse that led him to analyze himself was the death of his father. Freud wrote: "I have always respected and loved him very much. His wisdom and clear imagination of my life deeply influenced his death and ended his life, but it aroused my early feelings in my heart. " Now I think they have been uprooted. "Freud said that since then, he has written an Interpretation of Dreams." Interpretation of Dreams, Freud's anthropological, religious, psychological and literary works, five years, six years and two years later, your dreams are written in a series of analyses.
In this ingenious work, Freud mainly analyzes the condensation, transfer and reprocessing of dreams; Discussion on the implied content of dreams: The principle of satisfying desire; Introduced the Oedipus complex; Adult conditions play an inevitable role in early childhood. Freud predicted that "autobiography", from the beginning of writing "dream interpretation", spirit is no longer a pure medical discipline. After the book was published in Germany and France, it has many applications in history, literature and aesthetics, religious history and prehistory, fairy tales, folklore, education and other departments. These things are of little use to medical treatment. In fact, not only because of their psychoanalysis, but also because of its connection.
1956 published The Interpretation of Dreams, which formed a theoretical system of psychoanalysis with symbolic significance. Dr. Downes listed it as "a book that changed history" and "one of the epoch-making masterpieces". It is Darwin's book The Origin of Species and Copernican Celestial Bodies, which is listed as a book that triggered people's ideological revolution. Freud explored the other side of human nature-"subconscious", and revealed the mystery of human mind through scientific exploration and analysis of dreams.
[Edit this paragraph] Introduction
Chapter seven of this book.
The dream before chapter 1 1900. Focus on the literature of dreams, and explain the dream theory of predecessors and contemporaries in detail. Before Scientific Outlook on Development's dream appeared, of course, it was the concept of the ancients, the universe as a whole, which was brewed. They used to project their spirit on the imaginary external real life. Of course, moreover, their dreams are all over. According to the remaining lucid memories during the day, compared with other psychological contents, they look strange and unusual, as if they came from another world. But we don't think this theory as a supernatural force no longer exists, today's dream. In fact, today, not only those who firmly believe in the strangeness of myths, but also those who are still obsessed with novels say that hurricanes have swept away the remaining strangeness. Even in some aspects, some social leaders think this is too emotional, and still believe that the power given by God is the reason for this unexplained phenomenon. This dream, as well as some philosophical schools, the power of sacred dreams in ancient legends and the power of dreamers of some thinkers, cannot be completely ignored. Although scientists already know that this superstition is unreliable, all these different changes still have different reasons, mainly because psychological explanations are still not enough to accumulate profits? It is an arduous task to study the history of dreams in a scientific way, because the research at any given time is indeed very valuable, but it still can't make real progress in a specific direction, so that later scholars can prove their achievements and continue to grow. Every scholar has to refresh the same problem from the beginning, but he still can't break through this inextricable knot.
1900 years ago, the classical theory holds that dreams are a symbolic way. Dreams have happened or are happening or will happen. Freud disagreed with this view. He pointed out that dreams are not a harbinger of the future Oracle, but a continuation of the dreamer's psychological activities in an unconscious state. He knows the latest information about childhood dreams and thinks that the source of almost every dream is based on his own dream and the experience analysis of the previous day. His determination, as long as it is strong enough to attract the attention of the soul nerve stimulation and the internal stimulation of the body, its core information can constitute a starting point, a dream, and in accordance with the principle of "copying, somehow spiritual impression, must be taken seriously."
The second chapter is the analysis of dreams. This chapter introduces the analysis method, steps and points for attention of a dream, and analyzes an imam's dream about injection in detail. Freud believed that one can focus on the whole dream that has not become; -check the version is just getting smaller and smaller. And the same dream, different people will have different meanings in different associations. Freud's point of view, no wonder there are many psychological factors in Freud's dreams. The ability to explain dreams, when his treatment of the "hysterical" Imam was clearly used, said with considerable confidence, "I am very satisfied to find that the money obtained is in a fair analysis-if you analyze this dream according to the above methods, we will find that the dream is meaningful, but it is by no means an ordinary dream." Dreams are just the product of brain cells' unfinished activities. "On the contrary, once the dream interpretation work can be completely completed, you can find the dream you want to realize." (page 53) So, he said, "Dreams are dreams come true, and their motivation is desire" (? Page 5L).
Chapter 3: Dreams are the realization of wishes. In this chapter, Freud put forward his theory that dreams are the satisfaction of desires. Dreams can alleviate impulsive instinctive desires to a certain extent without arousing vigilance, thus ensuring that dreams can be realized in the sense of sleep. However, in the dream state, the psychological examination mechanism still plays a considerable role. In instinctive desire, we can only use a symbol to express our instinctive desire naked, as well as twists and turns to obtain self-expression to avoid being detected.
Freud affirmed that all dreams are self-centered and self-subjective. Whether the self is a dream seems to be only for his role of "hiding behind others". He emphasized that every dream, love, self, desire and expression of self can be found. For example, the dream of a prisoner is better than the theme of prison break. "
Chapter 4 dreams. Freud's unconscious instinctive impulse (essentially sexual impulse) uses people's sleep fools to reduce the disguised performance of psychological examination mechanism, which constitutes a dream, happiness, happiness, a happy dream is a realized wish, so how to understand an unpleasant, even painful and tragic dream? Freud's answer is that no matter how unpleasant the dream is, there is no disguise of more than one desire being satisfied. He thinks: "The unsatisfied desire is actually a symbol of another desire being satisfied. "This dream has scruples, so it expresses another variant of this dream." Dream is a kind of satisfaction of (repressed, repressed) desire. "This is the complete formula of Freud's dream. Such a formula, no matter what kind of dream, can be included in the scope of desire satisfaction.
Freud further analyzed and said, "Just like the third chapter, we have some very obvious dreams to realize. Once the wish is realized, some "disguised" or "vague" sayings hold that the dreamer must have some scruples about his wish, so this wish is a variant of another expression. (74) In order to illustrate this "camouflage" theory, Freud put forward two scientific hypotheses: "We must assume that everyone is in his mind, and both sides' psychological steps (psychological examples) or so-called trends (10- mobile agents), systems (systems) and psychological forces (psychological forces) are displayed in the content. At the same time, a reasonable assumption is: "where we can achieve it, we must experience it." .
The second psychological step of confirmation, but once the material of a psychological step passes the second level, it is not consciously accepted. The second obstacle must allow all kinds of deformed and satisfactory points to enter the field of consciousness. "(75) However, in order to prove the meaning of this secret, every dream really needs to be realized, or it is pointed out that the later situation really needs to be analyzed hard.
Chapter 5: The materials and sources of dreams. His dream theory starts from the subconscious dreams around him and is divided into "explicit content" and "implicit content". The dreamer's association and interpretation of dreams "symbolically" provide an opportunity to trace instinctive desires to childhood dreams. This chapter introduces recent impressions, which is not very relevant. For example, dreams made by plants, dreams formed by childhood experiences, typical dreams in physics, dreams of waiting for embarrassment and nudity, dreams of relatives and friends dying, and dreams of exams.
The dream described by Freud is called "the clear content of the dream", and the analysis of his wishes and thoughts can only be realized through hidden things, saying, "the dream of implicit ideology." The dream he said cannot openly represent his forbidden desires, especially those related to sexual desire. Therefore, our "dream" is the destruction of "dream works" in addition to the excellent content of dreams implied by the change of ideas. The idea of a dream is the same as the content of a dream. Describe in two languages? Two identical contents; More specifically, he said, "Our dream, content and so on?" Dreams are translated into another form of expression, and we need to compare the original symbols to find that this form of expression and translation constitute a law. Implicit thought makes dreams no longer a secret, so it is not difficult to understand, clarify the content and return to its implicit thought.
Freud's dream interpretation is to find a hidden meaning. As for the source of dreams, he thinks there are three possibilities: first, it may be excitement during the day, but it cannot be satisfied. Because of external reasons, I left a dream that I was willing to admit but not satisfied at night. Secondly, they may appear during the day, and they will suffer exclusion and stay at night, which is inconsistent and potential depression. Control. Third, perhaps this day is completely irrelevant, it is composed of potential inhibition, nighttime activities and only desire ... pre-conscious desire, and the second desire is sent from consciousness to subconscious; The impulse of the third kind of desire cannot break through the subconscious of the system. Among these three sources, he stressed that "the origin of the fourth night impulse desire (such as thirst or demand) should be supplemented at any time".
Chapter VI The dream of operation is also translated into "dream". We already know that dreams are divided into two levels: explicit dreams and implicit dreams. Major dreams are superficial images of dreams, and their contents can be recalled; Clear dreams, instinctive desires, manifestations of potential dreams. Transforming a hidden dream, a dream of great significance depends on the operating mechanism. The longest chapter is about the condensation of dreams, the function (displacement) of transferring dreams, the dream symbolizing the performance of dreams and the materials for expressing dreams, the feeling of dreams and the rational activities of dreams, and some prominent functions in dreams such as absurd dreams, arithmetic and language.
Freud said that a clear dream, like the content of a dream, implies "simplicity", which can be said to be the translation of the latter. The mixed theme looks like a person dressed as B, which is similar to C, but in any case, it always makes people feel that he is actually D. With this mixed composition, several people * * * enjoy something particularly emphasized. It is determined in fantastic repetition that these elements form a new alliance, and some common codes are called "dream condensation". The role of dream transfer, the ideological factors implied in the inhaled dreams, and some distant and unimportant things, such as hints, hints, dreams that are not transferred, not concentrated or far from the center, make the surface unable to dream. The outside is to look at its hidden thoughts. In fact, this dream is to face this desire and reproduce its subconscious. As a guest who has left, and then turned around and forgot to bring sugar cane, in fact, this is just an excuse, and he is subconsciously eager to see the housewife again.
The operating mechanism of the manifestation of dreams is mainly embodied in the following four aspects: First, cohesion, which has several hidden symbolic meanings, is used in dreams to avoid the "dream" of inspection. Freud believed that through the analysis of dreams or the clues displayed by subconscious symbolic data, individual dream scenes were suppressed in their subconscious, and suppressed desires exchanged unimportant concepts. It was in a dream to avoid checking the "real" dream, but after waking up, the experience of recalling the dream was "checked". This is a dream, and a dream reverses some sort. The drama and polish of this "ending" process. The desire of drama is a concrete image. Modification awakens a chaotic dream principle, so it can cover up the truth. It is generally believed that this organization makes dreams a unified, almost consistent and two-way thing, which is a process, "dream work" and "reprocessing".
Psychoanalysts explain the operating mechanism of dreams, that is, dreams that manifest dreams, in order to find out potential dreams, those dreamers whose desire to find is suppressed in the subconscious. It is easy to reveal the subconscious desire, and the content of free association of dream interpretation and analysis is organically combined. Dreams and free association, analysis and explanation in psychoanalytic therapy constitute the core part of neurosis treatment. Chapter VII
Psychological dreams also have a program translated into "Dream Psychology". The theoretical part summarized in this chapter is the most inconspicuous and abstract part of this book. In the analysis of the forgotten dream degeneration (regression) phenomenon, the dream theory is realized, the awakened dream, dream and anxiety, the original and updated steps-potential inhibition, subconscious and conscious reality. Freud developed the scientific ideas here in his early book "The Design of Scientific Psychology" (1895). The envisaged psychological institutions are divided into the psychological processes of primary schools and two middle schools, and then the interaction between them is analyzed subconsciously, so as to obtain a scientific understanding of the consciousness of dreams and the consciousness of psychological processes. The importance of the subconscious mind, resistance and oppression and sex are the three cornerstones of spirit, dreams, mistakes and neurosis, and the three main forms of subconscious dominating behavior.
Freud's subconscious theory and sexual desire theory as the basis. Convinced that his subconscious theory is the universal basis of subconscious psychological process, activities are called sleepless time not only for some facts, but also for spiritual life. This theory has been widely accepted. Freud's interpretation of dreams is inseparable from human secrets. He holds two original views (including all the concepts of human behavior motivation, which originates from two instinctive impulses of "sex" and "attack", and then explains human behavior and subconscious motivation). His interpretation of dreams did not stop at superficial dreams, but tried to dig deep-seated motivation thinking and our in-depth discussion of dreams, which opened up the psychological significance of the road.
Finally, it is worth mentioning that in The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud made a psychological analysis of the theoretical works of Sophocles' King Oedipus and Shakespeare's Ha, Muus Sulaite. Symbols have also been given a wide range of content. Freud said that a symbol is not unique to dreams, but subconscious thoughts are characterized by folk songs, myths and legends, and can find the application of symbols, while dream symbols represent hidden thinking in disguise. His sexual instinct and impulse not only played an important role, but also caused neurasthenia. He even thinks that this is an animal's instinctive impulse sublimated into socially acceptable behavior, which has brought the highest creative literature, art theory, science and even the whole civilization. In fact, The Interpretation of Dreams has a far-reaching influence in the West. It not only greatly promoted the development of psychoanalytic theory, but also penetrated into many disciplines in the social sciences such as literature, aesthetics, religion, history and prehistory, mythology, folklore, education and so on. Therefore, some western scholars believe that in the literature and art of the 20th century, there may be no one who had a greater influence than Freud's concept.
The experience of the book lasted for nearly a century, and Freud's dream interpretation went deep into the inner potential motivation. It can be said that the predecessors did not, and frank people dare not say that they really surpassed the peak of the past. But it is also obvious to him that the interpretation of dreams is subjective, arbitrary and mysterious. The implied meaning is that all dreams are linked with the instinctive desire of the dreamer, which is far-fetched. Dreams explained according to their own sexual desire theory have been condemned by people from the beginning, not as social people, but as a creature.