1, sawdust:
No impurities and mildew are required, mainly hardwood and hard miscellaneous wood. If the sawdust is too fine, crop straw can be added (crushed) to adjust the thickness. It is suitable to add 80% granular sawdust and 20% fine sawdust.
2. Wheat bran and rice bran
Wheat bran and rice bran should be fresh without mildew, and large pieces of wheat bran are good. At present, the rice husk of some rice mills is ground into rice bran for sale, which leads to the decline of rice bran quality. Generally, a good bag of rice bran is 120- 130 kg, otherwise it is mixed with rice husk, so be sure to pay attention when buying it.
3. Plastic bags
There are two kinds of plastic bags for producing agaric. One is a high-pressure polypropylene bag, which has strong transparency, high temperature resistance, insolubility, and 12 10C does not deform, so it is convenient to check the contamination of miscellaneous bacteria in the bag; Its disadvantage is that bagging is fragile in winter and the breakage rate is high. One is low-pressure polyethylene bag, which has certain toughness and retraction force, and the breakage rate is low when bagging; The disadvantage is that the transparency is poor, and it is not easy to find out when checking miscellaneous bacteria; Bags are not resistant to high temperature, and are only suitable for sterilization production under the atmospheric pressure of1000 C. In short, no matter what kind of bags, it is best to require that the weight of each bag must be more than 4 grams. Plastic bags are too thin and will be deformed after bagging and sterilization.
Quality identification of bacterial bags: the basic method is "one quantity, two scales, three measures and four measures".
A quantity: quantity specification. There are three general specifications of folding bags, 16.5cm×33cm, 17cm×33cm, 17cm×35cm. The first two specifications should contain 2 kg of wet material. After filling, the diameter of the bacterial bag is 1 1 cm, and the bag height is 18-20 cm. The suitable wet material for the latter specification is 2.3 kg. After bagging, the diameter of the bacterial bag is 1 1 cm and the bag height is 2 1-23 cm. Don't charge too much, otherwise it will not be conducive to the growth of bacteria and will prolong the whole production cycle. For conventional varieties, the price of each bag is directly proportional to the weight of the fungus bag when the load is 2 kg. The weight of each bag of the above three specifications should be 4-4.2g. ..
Three-pressure: carry out extrusion detection on low-pressure polyethylene bags. Fill the bag with gas, then tighten the bag mouth and squeeze it to see its change. If it bursts, this bag is made of raw materials, not defective. If the bag is bulging and cracked, it is made of pure material, which is a good bag.
Fourth, look at the uniformity of thickness. If the thickness is uniform, it is a good bag, otherwise it is a defective bag.
It is suggested to use low-pressure polyethylene or high-pressure polypropylene bags, with specifications of 17cm×35cm and weight of 4.2g ... ethylene bags and propylene bags are just a matter of habit. Low-pressure polyethylene bags can not be used for autoclaving production, and its advantage is that it is not easy to take off the bags. High-pressure polypropylene bag is a universal bag, which has the advantages of easy inspection of miscellaneous bacteria and easy cutting.
4. There are two kinds of double-ring (cotton-free) cotton-free covers, one is pure raw materials and the other is recycled raw materials. The production cost of recycled materials is low. There are two specifications, the diameter of the upper cover is 3 cm and 2.8 cm. It is more suitable to buy 2.8 cm specifications, which have low pollution rate. As long as we pay attention to the conditions of use, it is appropriate to use recycled cotton-free covers comprehensively.
You can also use a single ring with a cotton plug instead of a double ring, which can greatly save costs. The single ring should be made of plastic belt itself. Cotton can be ordinary cotton.
5. medicine
Drugs commonly used in auricularia auricula production can be divided into three categories: one is growth-promoting drugs, the other is disinfection drugs, and the other is pest control drugs.
Commonly used growth-promoting drugs mainly include triacontanol, edible mushroom nutrients, mushroom ear-strengthening and other drugs, which can be used according to the instructions in production.
Commonly used disinfectants include formaldehyde, Lysol, sulfur, potassium permanganate, fumigation disinfectants (Hubao 1No. and Hubao No.2), bleaching powder, peracetic acid, bromogeramine, alcohol, carbendazim, clotrimazole, chloramphenicol and lime.
Commonly used drugs for pest control include thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, limewater, dimethoate and dichlorvos.
It is worth mentioning that "miscellaneous bacteria net" is mixed with disinfectant. Adding 1 bag (50g weight) per 500 kg of dry material in the production process of cultivation bags can effectively improve the sterilization effect and shorten the sterilization time, and the sterilization time is shortened from 8- 12 hours to 4 hours. It can effectively control the infection of miscellaneous bacteria and improve the yield. But you must not be careless when using it.
Second, the production of secondary strains of sawdust
1. Common formula: sawdust 78%, wheat bran 20%, sugar 1%, gypsum 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0. 1%, and the water content of the finished product is 63-65%.
2, process flow:
Preparation of raw materials → weighing → mixing → bottling → punching → tampon → bagging → sterilization → cooling → inoculation → putting on shelves → culture management → off-shelf acceptance → packaging and warehousing.
3, production technical requirements:
(1), raw material preparation. It is mainly to screen sawdust and remove larger wood blocks, which can effectively prevent bag leakage. Preliminary estimation of moisture content of sawdust.
②. Weighing. All kinds of raw materials used should be accurately weighed, especially a small amount of added items should not be excessive, so as to avoid negative effects.
(3) Mixed materials. Weigh wheat bran, gypsum and lime, put them together, dry mix them twice, then put them into sawdust and stir them twice, and the white sugar is dissolved in the stirred water. Then mix the mixed water with wood chips and other raw materials and turn them over twice. To ensure uniform mixing. Pay attention to adjust the water content of the mixture for the last two times to ensure that the water content is between 62% and 63%, and add lime to adjust the PH value between 5.0 and 6.0. The identification method of water content is to hold it in a ball and disperse it at the touch. Too much water is easy to cause the spread of Aspergillus Niger; Too little water is not conducive to mycelium growth.
Because raw materials are purchased from different places, the moisture content of sawdust varies from place to place, so you should be flexible when mixing materials. After mixing the water with the ingredients, sieve for later use.
(4) bottling, punching, tamponing, bagging, washing bottles, controlling moisture content and bottling. When bottling, it vibrates while filling, which makes the materials in the bottle elastic and suitable. Fill the bottle to the shoulder, wipe it clean and make a hole with a diameter of 1.5cm in the middle of the bottle, then plug it with a cotton plug and put it in a mushroom basket.
(5) Sterilization. Adopt common sterilization method, the temperature is 65438 0000℃, and the temperature is 8-65438 00 hours. In order to get out of the pot while it is hot, send the bacteria bottle to the cooling room or inoculation room for cooling.
6. Cooling and inoculation. When the contents of the bottle are cooled below 300 degrees Celsius, it can
Vaccinate. The inoculation method is to light the alcohol lamp, remove the cotton plug of the mother seed, aim the nozzle of the mother seed at the flame, sterilize the inoculation tool on the flame of the alcohol lamp, remove the old strain block and the thin strain skin at the inclined end in the test tube, divide the strain into 7 parts with an inoculation shovel, then remove the cotton plug of the strain bottle on the flame, let the flame seal the bottle mouth, and quickly hook the strain block in the test tube into a piece in the bottle and plug the cotton plug.
⑦ Shelf cultivation, shelf inspection, packaging and warehousing. The inoculated strain bottle is placed on a sterilized culture rack, and the temperature is controlled at about 26-270℃ for strain culture. Mycelia can grow in a full bottle in about 30 days. When mycelia grow in full bottles, they can be used after being cultured at about 100℃ for about 7- 10 days. If it is not used temporarily, it should be stored at 3-50℃ for about 30 days.
Third, the production of secondary seeds of wheat and corn.
1. Production of secondary strain of wheat: select full-grain wheat, remove impurities, soak in cold water 10- 12 hours, and change water 1-2 times. Then take it out and boil it in water. Take out the wheat grains, rinse with cold water, control the moisture, and bottle. Bottle half a bottle, plug it with cotton plug, and then sterilize and inoculate (the method is the same as that of second-class sawdust). During culture, when the mycelium grows to 1/3 of the substance in the bottle, shake the bottle so that the mycelium in the bottle is fully mixed with the wheat grains. After shaking the bottle, it can be used completely in about 7 days.
2. Production of secondary strain of corn kernels: select small corn, remove impurities, soak in cold water 10- 12 hours, and change water 1-2 times. Then put it in water and cook for 20 minutes, so that the corn kernels are not broken and slightly hard. Rinse it with cold water after taking it out. Controlling the moisture content, adding 1% calcium carbonate, mixing evenly, and bottling. Bottle half a bottle, sterilization method, inoculation method and culture method are the same as above.
3. Precautions: Grain strains can be used in about 15 days at room temperature. It is suitable for use in the production season. When applying grain strains, it should be noted that grain strains are easy to age and should not be stored for a long time.