(1) Enema method: a certain amount of liquid is poured into colon from anus and rectum to help patients expel feces and pneumatosis, or supply drugs or nutrition from intestine to achieve the purpose of diagnosis and treatment. 1, a large number of enema purposes (1) defecation and exhaust to relieve constipation and flatulence. ⑵ Clean the intestines to prepare for intestinal examination, operation or maternal delivery. (3) Reduce poisoning, dilute and remove harmful substances in the intestine. (4) cooling: perfusion of low-temperature solution to cool patients with high fever. Material preparation (1) Prepare a set of enema tubes (the length of rubber tube is about 120cm, and the glass tube is filled with enema) in the treatment tray. The vascular clamp (or regulating switch) can also be disposable enema bag, lubricant, cotton swab, arc tray, toilet paper, rubber sheet, therapeutic towel and water temperature meter. (2) bedpan, bedpan towel, infusion stand, water temperature meter and screen. 0. 1 ~ 0.2% soapy water and physiological saline are commonly used. The dose for adults is 500 ~ 1000ml, and that for children is 200 ~ 3 enema: 500ml. The temperature of the solution is generally 39 ~ 465438 0℃, and 28 ~ 32℃ is used for cooling. Patients with heatstroke use 4℃ physiological saline. (4) Assist the patient to take the left lateral position, bend his knees, take off his pants to his knees, move his buttocks to the edge of the bed, put a rubber plate and a treatment towel under his buttocks, and bend the plate to place his buttocks. Patients who can't control their defecation can take a supine position, put a bedpan under their hips, cover them with a quilt, and only expose their hips. 5] Hang the enema tube (or bag) on the infusion stand, adjust the pressure, (the liquid level in the tube is about 40 ~ 60 cm higher than the anus) connect the anal canal, and lubricate the anterior segment of the anal canal. Although the air inside was exhausted, the pipe was still caught. [6] Put the toilet paper in your left hand, separate the hip fissure, and expose the anal orifice. Ask the patient to take a deep breath and gently insert the anal canal into the rectum 7 ~ 10 cm with his right hand. Fix the anal canal, open the pipe clamp and let the solution flow in slowly. Once pay attention to observe the liquid level drop in the cylinder and the patient's reaction. If the patient feels abdominal distension or defecation, he can be asked to open his mouth and take a deep breath to relax the abdominal muscles, and at the same time reduce the height of the enema tube, slow down the flow rate or pause for a moment. If the liquid level drops too slowly or stops, the anal canal can be moved or squeezed because the orifice at the front end of the anal canal is blocked by feces. If the patient has rapid pulse, pale face, cold sweat, severe abdominal pain, palpitation and shortness of breath, stop enema immediately, contact the doctor and deal with it in time. ⑻ When the enema is almost used up, clamp the tube, wrap the anal canal with toilet paper, gently pull it out and put it into an arc plate to wipe the anus. ⑼ Assist the patient to take a comfortable lying position, and instruct the patient to defecate after keeping this lying position for 5 ~ 10 minutes. ⑽ For those who can't get out of bed, give bedpans, put toilet paper and pagers in accessible places, and help those who can get out of bed to defecate in the toilet. ⑾ Take out the bedpan in time after defecation, wipe the anus, help the patient put on pants, tidy up the bed unit, and open the window for ventilation. ⑿ Observe the characteristics of feces and take samples for inspection when necessary. [13] Clean articles, wash hands, and record the results of enema in the column of body temperature and stool. For example, defecation once after enema is 1/E, and no defecation after enema is 0/e ... 2. A small amount of enema is suitable for abdominal or pelvic surgery and critically ill patients, the elderly, children and pregnant women. Objective (1) to soften feces and relieve constipation; (2) to expel intestinal gas and relieve abdominal distension. Prepare enema and common solution according to doctor's advice; "1, 3" 2. Solution (30 ml of 50% magnesium sulfate, 60 ml of glycerol, 90 ml of warm water): 50 ml of glycerol or liquid paraffin, equal to warm water; Various vegetable oils 120 ~ 180ml. The solution temperature is 38℃. 3. Clean enema (1) Objective: To thoroughly remove the feces stranded in the colon. It is often used for rectal and colon examination and preoperative intestinal preparation. (2) Usage: enema with equal amount, without reservation. (3) Methods: Clean enema refers to repeated large-scale enema without reservation. Soap water is used for the first time, and then normal saline is used until the discharged liquid is clean and there is no fecal block. Pay attention to low pressure when enema, and the height of liquid level from anus should not exceed 40cm. 4. Retention enema Pour the enema into the rectum or colon, and achieve the therapeutic purpose through intestinal mucosal absorption. Commonly used for sedation, hypnosis and treatment of intestinal inflammation. Material preparation (1) is the same as a small amount of enema, without reservation. ⑵ Common solution: Prepare the medicine and dosage according to the doctor's advice, with the solution amount not exceeding 200ml and the temperature of 39 ~ 465438 0℃. ① chloral hydrate 10% is used for sedation and hypnosis, and 2% berberine, 0.5 ~ 1% neomycin or other antibiotic solutions are used for the treatment of intestinal infection. Operation method (3) Assist patients to take different lying positions according to their illness. Chronic bacillary dysentery is mostly in rectum or sigmoid colon, so it is advisable to take the left supine position. Amoeba dysentery was taken in the right lateral position (the lesions were mostly in the ileocecum), and the buttocks were raised 10cm. 5] Gently insert a small amount of enema into anal canal 10 ~ 15 cm, and slowly inject liquid medicine. 5] After the liquid medicine is injected, pull out the anal canal, gently massage the anus with toilet paper, and ask the patient to be patient as much as possible, and keep the medicine above 1 hour.
- .
I hope my answer is helpful to you. Welcome to ask questions! Thank you for your adoption! O(∩_∩)o Haha
"My heart moves with you. I travel around the world." My heart moves with you to solve your troubles!