First, how to reduce the losses caused by the cold wave
1. Cold wave
Experts suggest that the cold wave is a strong cold air activity that attacks from polar regions or cold zones to low latitudes. The cold wave struck and the weather changed suddenly. At this time, we should learn relevant protection knowledge to resist the strong wind, blizzard and cooling weather brought by the cold wave.
Related knowledge: ① Cold wave will lead to a sudden drop in temperature. Sometimes the temperature will drop to about MINUS 30 degrees. ② There is strong wind and heavy snow, and there may be 2 meters of snow in many places. ③ Trains and trams may derail. Due to transportation difficulties, the energy supply will be threatened. Many wild animals will die of cold.
2. In what season does the cold wave occur?
The annual variation of cold wave activity is obvious. From late autumn to early spring every year, most parts of China are often hit by cold waves.
Related knowledge: ① In spring and autumn, the cold wave will also bring sand blowing and sandstorm. (2) Because cold waves can also occur in spring and autumn, some people with weak constitution get sick due to the sudden drop of temperature. ③ Cold wave warning standard: China's Central Meteorological Observatory stipulates that the cold air intrusion will cause the temperature to drop above 10℃ and the minimum temperature to drop below 5℃ within 24 hours, which is the standard for issuing cold wave warning.
3. What should I do if the south encounters a cold wave?
There are only a few cold waves in southern China every year, mainly from 65438+February to the following February.
Main points of self-help and mutual rescue: ① residents should strengthen the protection of doors and windows, because many areas in the south have no indoor heating equipment, so they should pay attention to heat preservation; When it is warm and cold, people in most parts of the south are already wearing spring clothes, so if the cold wave comes, we must pay attention to warm clothes; The cold wave in the south is different from that in the north, because it is very cold because of the humid climate. So when the cold wave strikes, they seldom go outdoors.
4. What preparations should citizens make after receiving the cold wave forecast?
Citizens should be prepared early when they receive the cold wave warning signal.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Pay attention to keep warm, especially the elderly, children and other infirm people should prepare for the cold as soon as possible; (2) do a good job of lightning protection; ③ Take measures against wind, cold and freezing; ④ Patients should prepare drugs as soon as possible.
5. How should urban residents cope with the cold wave?
Low temperature is a great threat to human body. First, cold can directly cause diseases, such as frostbite; Second, it can indirectly aggravate the condition of patients with chronic diseases and induce sudden diseases.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Pay attention to the local weather forecast, and make all kinds of cold and warm preparations before the cold wave comes; ② frail old people, pregnant women, parturients and children have poor tolerance to cold and are more likely to get sick. If they find diseases, they should see a doctor in time; 3 Wear masks when going out, and their clothes should be mainly warm cotton-padded jackets; When the cold wave comes, it will not only bring strong winds and cool weather, but also bring trouble to traffic, so they should pay special attention to traffic safety when traveling.
6. When the cold wave comes, how can children avoid being frostbitten and frozen?
Children are playful by nature, so they should pay attention to self-protection when the cold wave comes.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Make a snowman and have a snowball fight in the snow for no more than 10 minute. (2) when playing downstairs, be careful to be injured by unstable objects placed upstairs and keep your distance from the building. (3) when chasing and fighting in the snow, don't run to the road to avoid being hit by vehicles. ④ Keep warm when playing, especially hands, face and ears.
7. How to resist the cold wave on the way to work?
Office workers neglect their health because of their busy work, so we should remind everyone to take precautions when the cold wave comes.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① The correct way is to keep warm clothes and try to keep the room temperature of the working environment stable to prevent catching cold on the way to and from work; (2) stay away from the wind-blown doors and windows in the snow to avoid being hit by wind-blown debris; ③ When taking the bus, you should pay attention to parking in the snow, otherwise you may be injured due to wheel slipping; 4 The weather is cold, so we should pay attention to the nutrition collocation in diet to ensure the nutritional intake of the body; Before the cold wave comes, you should arrange food, clothing, housing and transportation first.
8. How to avoid traffic accidents during the cold wave?
Due to the cold wave, roads are frozen and covered with snow, and traffic accidents occur from time to time. Therefore, we should strengthen self-protection when traveling abroad.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Motor vehicles driving on the road should control the speed, slow down and avoid sudden braking. When the road is frozen, the wheels will slip, causing traffic accidents and traffic jams. (2) car tires can be fitted with snow chains on the road. (3) When visibility is reduced due to heavy snow, railways, highways and airports will take temporary closure measures to avoid accidents. (4) when people walk against the snow, they should slow down and look up.
9. How do outdoor workers avoid the cold wave?
In case of bad weather, many outdoor jobs should be stopped to ensure the safety of workers.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Construction enterprises should strengthen anti-skid measures for outdoor work and aerial work. Springboards, scaffolding, ladders, platforms and all kinds of equipment on site should be cleared of ice and snow by special personnel to prevent workers from mechanical accidents and falling from heights due to ground sliding. (2) After bad weather, the accumulated water and snow on the construction site should be removed in time, and the normal construction can only be carried out after effective anti-freezing and anti-skid measures are taken. As long as the ship is sheltered from the wind. (4) high altitude, shelter from the wind.
10. How to avoid other accidents when the cold wave comes?
The weak should pay attention to cold protection, and those with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should prevent accidents.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Cold wave is the main cause of blood pressure fluctuation and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents. (2) The sudden drop in temperature caused roads to freeze, cars to break down and tires to burst. Drivers should check the oil, water and circuits of vehicles to avoid traffic accidents. (3) water pipes and equipment should be antifreeze, in case of water supply system accident. ④ Pedestrians should pay attention to traffic, and the safe distance between man and vehicle in snowy days is several times longer than usual. When crossing roads and bridges, you should be extra careful to prevent accidents. ⑤ Reinforce doors and windows, billboards, light boxes, hoardings, scaffolding, etc. Avoid accidental injuries caused by strong winds.
1 1. What should I pay attention to in cold wave heating?
Whenever a cold wave strikes, carbon monoxide poisoning will continue to occur. Therefore, when the cold wave comes, residents should pay attention to prevention. If they have symptoms such as headache, vomiting and dizziness during heating, they should immediately open the doors and windows for ventilation.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Keep indoor ventilation when heating; ② Correct use of water heater and gas. Because of the low temperature in winter, the indoor air does not flow, which is easy to cause hypoxia. If the water heater or gas stove is installed indoors, carbon monoxide poisoning may occur. Because carbon monoxide is the invisible killer of heating in winter, special attention should be paid when the climate is abnormal and the air pressure is low, and the coal in the furnace hall should be hollowed out before going to bed at night. To prevent smoke and dust from flowing back in the middle of the night due to low air pressure. (4) When the air pressure is low, meteorological departments and environmental protection departments should promptly remind the public to take precautions against carbon monoxide poisoning. ⑤ When the cold wave strikes, cars should also be protected from carbon monoxide poisoning, and don't turn on the air conditioner for too long when parking. Because the carbon monoxide emitted by the engine gathers in the car after parking, it is easy to cause poisoning, so it is necessary to open the window for ventilation.
Second, the protective measures of snowstorm
1. How do urban residents cope with the disasters caused by snowstorms?
Snowstorms seriously affect or even destroy traffic, transmission lines and urban water supply systems, threatening human safety and life.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① You can prepare food and water for several days in advance at home; ② Prepare enough warm clothes and bedding; (3) prepare candles and emergency lights for lighting; ④ Prepare all kinds of standing medicines; ⑤ Prepare cold-proof and non-slip shoes to ensure travel safety.
2. What should residents living in bungalows do when they encounter heavy snow?
When heavy snow comes, residents living in bungalows should pay more attention to prevention.
Main points of self-help and mutual rescue: ① After receiving the yellow warning of heavy snow, residents living in bungalows should prepare enough drinking water and protect indoor and outdoor water pipes with cotton cloth to prevent freezing; ② Management and discharge of domestic garbage and sewage; ③ Reinforce the roof of the bungalow to prevent it from being collapsed by snow; (4) it is forbidden to repair the roof against the strong wind during a snowstorm, which is prone to danger; (5) to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning when heating, because of the heavy snow cover, can cause the kitchen smoke backflow, cause gas poisoning.
3. What should I do if I fall into a snow pit in the forest?
Don't panic.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① When walking in the snow, first explore the road with branches; ② When skiing, it is forbidden to leave the ski track after drinking; (3) hold your breath when falling, so as to avoid ice and snow pouring into the throat and lungs, causing suffocation; (4) companion can use branches, sticks, rope to drag it up; ⑤ If you accidentally fall into a snow pit when traveling in the wild, no one will rescue you. If you have a waterproof sleeping bag, you should use it immediately. Try to climb to the surface of the snow.
4. How to avoid the cold when encountering snow in the wild?
Be sure to wear warm clothes and bring enough warm clothes before you leave.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Try to send SOS distress signals during the day; At night, you should dig a snow hole for the night. ② When digging a snow hole, it is best to bend slightly between the entrance and the hiding place, and then block the hole with branches or cotton cloth. (3) be careful not to run out of physical strength and get soaked, because when clothes are wet, they can not only keep warm, but also easily freeze people.
5. How to build a cold shelter in the wild?
Take waterproof matches, candles, sunglasses and tarpaulins before entering cold areas and snow.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Build shacks or snow caves as soon as possible to keep out the cold. (2) when building, consider choosing the best safe place. Never put the hut where an avalanche may happen. ③ Choose a ridge covered with big trees. ④ Choose to heat food on the flat ground and ask for help. ⑤ Avoid the lee of the cliff, because on this terrain, the wind will soon blow a lot of snow and bury the tent in the snow layer. First of all, the snow at the erection site should be swept away, and the snow should be compacted and leveled on the Zita Law layer. If it doesn't move for a while, you should dig a hole in the snow and bury a tent to better resist the cold wind. ⑦ Set up a tent in the open space, and build a snow wall on the windward side to keep out the cold, which is convenient for making a fire and cooking.
6. How to ask for help when encountering snow in the wild?
Mobile phones in the wild may have no signal, and computers may have no network. Always carry a walkie-talkie and ask for help in time.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Take a walkie-talkie with you to get in touch with the outside world; ② Bring a flashlight; If the car is blocked by snow in the wild, you can use your mobile phone to ask the traffic management department for help; ④ If the camp is close to the village, you can ask the villagers for help; ⑤ Stay as close to the road as possible and ask for help from passing vehicles; (5) If you are in Xue Hai, you can light branches and put wet firewood on the fire to ensure that it smokes; You can put some dry wood at night. The brighter the fire, the better. Putting three piles of flames is an international distress signal. It is best to put the flames in a triangle with equal spacing. ⑦ Ground-to-air signals can put "FILL" on the ground, which is an international emergency distress signal. Each letter is10m long, 3m wide and 3m wide. ⑧ Voice call for help.
7. How to deal with frostbite in the snow?
Frostbite refers to an injury accident caused by people being in a low temperature environment for a long time. Restoring blood circulation in frostbite area is the primary goal of treatment.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Frostbite mainly occurs in the hands, feet, ears and other parts of the human body, so cashmere products or down products with good thermal insulation should be selected to keep warm in the snowstorm. ② To deal with frostbite, first of all, patients should get out of the cold environment as soon as possible, quickly take off cold and wet clothes and keep warm. It is necessary to provide heat in various ways. ③ Warm the frostbitten area with warm water or the body temperature of the rescuer until the blood color recovers. Never rub or massage the frostbitten area. (4) raising the frostbite site can reduce swelling and pain. ⑤ Mild frostbite can be relieved by frostbite cream. ⑤ Severe frostbite should not be treated by wrong methods such as snow rubbing, cold water soaking and direct fire baking. The frostbitten area should be soaked in warm water at 40℃-42℃ to quickly melt and warm up, and then quickly sent to hospital for treatment.
8. What should I do if the car encounters a snowstorm while driving?
Cars will break down because of snow, especially long-distance buses should try to ensure the safety of passengers.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Close the window and keep the temperature inside the car; ② The transportation company should urgently start the bad weather plan, pump out the ordinary diesel oil that is not suitable for ultra-low temperature and replace it with antifreeze diesel oil; (3) it is difficult to start on icy roads, so you can put some weeds, sacks, branches and other things under the wheels; If it still fails, do not forcibly start it to prevent tire or engine damage.
9. How to deal with snow when traveling abroad?
Heavy snow may lead to the closure of many highways in the snowfall area, and buses, trains and airports may be delayed to varying degrees or take stop measures.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Travel to the north should avoid the cold and frozen period, because the ice and snow are frozen at this time and the roads are impassable. Take part in the ice and snow festival, and wear more clothes to keep warm. ② When traveling in snow and ice weather, apply antifreeze ointment on exposed parts such as face, ears, nose and hands, and don't wear too tight shoes and socks. Wash your feet with warm water. Never travel in the wild when you are hungry and exhausted. ⑤ When frostbite happens, let it rupture on its own, not intentionally, and disinfect it after rupture. When traveling in the snow, you should know the direction so as not to get lost. Driving in snowy days is easy to get out of control, so drivers should pay special attention.
10. How to keep warm in the snow
Staying in a cold environment for too long in winter can cause heart disease, flu, bronchitis and so on. So you should pay attention to keep warm.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① If camping in the snow, clothes should be put in sleeping bags, and wool hats and socks must be worn. Fill some soft clothes in the sleeping bag, and fill all the gaps in the sleeping bag when you sleep, so it is easy to keep warm. You'd better have a hot drink before going to bed. The tent should be a special cold-proof tent. 2 use clothes to keep out the cold, and the outermost clothes should be windproof; A relatively stagnant air layer is formed inside the down jacket, which has good warmth retention; Underwear should be soft, absorbent and breathable, which is conducive to heat preservation and dryness. ③ It is best not to expose the skin in snowy days to avoid frostbite. Wear cotton gloves and earmuffs. (4) it is forbidden to wear soft-soled shoes or multi-layer sweaters and coats, because these are not warm, waterproof and windproof.
1 1. How to prevent dehydration in snow?
Severe dehydration in snow and wind will greatly increase the possibility of frostbite and freezing to death.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Save energy in snow to prevent dehydration due to excessive loss; ② When entering the snowy plateau, many climbers consciously dehydrate themselves in order to reduce intracranial pressure and prevent brain edema. This method should not be advocated. The correct way is to carry a water bottle with you and drink less, but you can't stop drinking, otherwise your life will be in danger. (3) when hydrating, don't drink too much at a time, but drink a sip of water every five minutes.
12. How to avoid snow blindness in the destroyer Xuefeng
The main cause of snow blindness is that the eyes are completely exposed to snow, which is caused by the reflex stimulation of snow.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① In order to prevent snow blindness at high altitude, goggles must be worn to block ultraviolet rays. These goggles must be able to filter more than 90% ultraviolet rays, thus reducing the stimulation of reflected light in snow. You can wear a pair of yellow-green or brown goggles when traveling, which can block ultraviolet rays and enjoy the beautiful snow scene. ③ If you don't wear goggles in the snow, you can use cardboard or sawdust as simple goggles.
13. What should I do if I am buried by snow?
When the body is buried in the snow, let it stand up quickly.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① If you fall into a snow pit or are buried by heavy snow, you should try to keep your body standing, and use your hands and all your strength to push your head forward out of the surface of the new snow layer to ensure smooth breathing. (2) if there is a companion, you can try to let the companion find it in time with a cane or a tree stick in his hand. If you can't climb out of the snow, you should reduce your activities, slow down your breathing and save your strength.
14. How to walk in the snow and ice
When encountering icy roads, go slow; If you fall, try to support the ground with your hands and elbows to reduce the impact of your body hitting the ice.
Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: ① Don't lift heavy objects when walking in the snow; Don't put your hands in your pockets. Swinging your hands back and forth can play a balance role; 3 wear shoes with anti-slip function or rough soles; ④ Wear goggles when walking in the snow to protect your eyes.