Classic Lecture Notes on Mount Tianmu in Dream 1 I. Outline and Curriculum Standards
The Chinese Teaching Syllabus for Senior High School published by People's Education Society in 20xx clearly points out that the teaching purpose is to cultivate students' initial literary appreciation ability, cultivate their sense of language, develop their thinking, improve their cultural taste and aesthetic taste, develop their healthy personality and form a sound personality. At the same time, the new curriculum standard emphasizes three dimensions: knowledge and ability, process and method, emotional attitude and values, and emphasizes that reading is students' individual experience, and students' unique understanding and feelings should be cherished. This requires teachers to create equal opportunities for dialogue between students and texts and teachers, and pay attention to students' direct experience and feelings, so as to feel the image, taste the language, understand the connotation of the works, and be infected and enlightened. However, Li Bai's Dream of Climbing Mount Tianmu is deeply loved by high school students because of its magnificent imagination, exaggerated boldness and strangeness, especially its spirit of pursuing individual liberation. If it can be properly taught, it can not only implement the outline idea well, but also guide students to have a unique aesthetic feeling, thus improving Chinese literacy.
Second, the text and location
1. Let me talk about the writing background first: Li Bai had the ideal of saving the world and defending his country in his early years, but he disdained to lead the imperial examination to his official career, but hoped to become a beautiful woman by leaps and bounds. As a result, he roamed all over the country, making celebrities and expanding his fame. In the first year of Tianbao, recommended by a friend, he was called into Chang 'an by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. He thought the hero was useful, so he couldn't help singing proudly, "Are we Artemisia people?" . Regrettably, at this time, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty only regarded him as a royal scholar who entertained himself, expecting him to write some whitewash words such as "the clouds want to dress beautifully and the spring breeze blows the threshold to reveal wealth". The proud Li Bai refused to go along with the powerful, so he had to spend money to get drunk every day, so that "the son of heaven called instead of getting on the boat and called himself Brewmaster." Later, because of drunkenness, he offended dignitaries and caused xenophobia, and was expelled from the capital by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty in the name of "paying back the money". In a short period of more than a year, Li Bai witnessed the fatuous and decadent and bloody and cruel court struggle within the ruling group. The following year, he took the opportunity of leaving Donglu to write this farewell poem, and sincerely showed his relatives and friends his attitude of being completely divorced from court life.
2, said lyrical features:
Poetry is the art of lyricism, and emotion is the life of poetry. Like most poems that rely on feelings to seek liberation, the lyric structure of Dream is roughly "things are relative to me"-"things are integrated with me"-"things are relative to me". Therefore, the article not only expresses its own mind directly, but also expresses its will by supporting things. First of all, the author stood at the eastern foot thousands of miles away, wrote the tall magic of Tianmu Mountain, and compared it with Wuyue, Chicheng and Tiantai, expressed his infinite yearning for Tianmu Mountain. This is "things are relative to me". The magical celestial eyes strongly tempted him, so he flew over Qian Shan overnight, witnessed the rippling water and heard the singing of apes, accompanied by the affectionate moonlight and the lake. As a result, climbing clouds, enjoying mountain flowers, leaning on strange stones, lightning and thunder, dark clouds merging, clouds filled, the sky is falling, immortals live in caves, and you can see everything: immortals are like hemp, and Yue Xian bursts. At this time, the author is completely integrated into it, away from the world of mortals and free from the fetters of the secular world. The trouble of "since the world can't respond to our desire" has gone with the wind. At this time, the author merged with Tianmu to express his dream, "blending things with me". However, a good time is always a short climax, which means the end. After the soul was shocked, the author came back to reality and couldn't help singing "Ah, how can I solemnly bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials who never want to be seen with sincere faces", which is "expressing my heart". By reading the whole poem, we can clearly see that the article takes sleepwalking as a clue and expresses the mind by writing about wandering eyes.
3 tell the location
As the first lesson in Unit 3 of Book 3, the editor intends to ask students to systematically study the four-character poems, Sao-style poems and early five-character poems in the previous unit, feel the artistic conception of Tang poetry and understand the expression techniques. Therefore, the key and difficult point of teaching is to grasp the artistic conception, understand the techniques and understand the internal relationship between dreams and poems in combination with the background.
Third, talk about teaching ideas and methods.
According to the requirements of syllabus and curriculum standards and the characteristics of poetry teaching, I decided to adopt a cooperative and independent inquiry learning method, with reading as the main part and guidance as the supplement. At the same time, in order to create a situation, stimulate interest and improve the effect of classroom teaching, I adopted multimedia-assisted means. The specific teaching process is as follows:
1 import, create a situation.
As we all know, a good beginning is half the battle. Good lead-in should stimulate students' interest and bring them into a specific atmosphere. To this end, I made a landscape map of Tianmu Mountain, which is intended to make students have a dreamlike feeling of walking in Tianmu Mountain at the beginning of class, and at the same time, I intend to quote some poems that students are familiar with to stimulate their poetry.
2 beautiful reading, experiencing feelings: the language of poetry is a language that can be felt through images, so reading is more important, because if you don't read it, you can't immerse yourself in the realm described by the author, you can't understand the author's feelings, and you can't taste the exquisite layout and beautiful sentences. It can be said that reading aloud is an inevitable boat that leads readers to the kingdom of poetry. So I designed this link. Because it is beautiful reading, so pay attention to the diversity of reading methods. First read it alone, then summarize the main points of reading this poem collectively, and then read it in different parts, such as: using the beauty of female voice to express the magical beauty of Tianmu, and using the grandeur of male voice to express the majestic of Tianmu; Read the third paragraph together and read out his determination to completely break with the powerful; In addition, teachers use music to read aloud to infect students and stimulate the enthusiasm of contending. In this way, students can get the unique feeling that readers' hearts suddenly meet and meet each other in repeated reading.
The classic lecture notes of Tianmu Mountain in Dream 2 I. Talking about teaching materials
"Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" is a poem in the first unit of Selected Reading of Tang Poetry and Song Poetry, an elective Chinese textbook published by Shandong people. The theme of this unit is "Poetry with Magnificent Weather in Early Tang Dynasty". The editor intends to let students know the overall style of early Tang poetry and feel the artistic conception of Tang poetry on the basis of grasping the poetic image.
Second, talk about learning.
My teaching object is the students in the last semester of Senior Two. I have a certain understanding of Li Bai and his poems, but my appreciation of poems is superficial and not in-depth. Therefore, in the teaching process, we should pay special attention to stimulating students' enthusiasm for active participation, asking questions at different levels, from the shallow to the deep, and turning the abstract into concrete, so that students can grasp the image, feel the artistic conception and feelings, and improve their poetry appreciation ability.
Third, talk about teaching objectives.
According to the students' existing cognitive foundation, the position and role of this course in the teaching materials, and according to the syllabus, I have determined the teaching objectives of this course as follows:
1. Read poetry with emotion and experience the rich imagination and unconstrained style of poetry.
2. Appreciate the magnificent and unpredictable dreams and understand their connection with reality.
Fourthly, talk about the importance and difficulty of teaching.
Focus: 1. Appreciate the magnificent and unpredictable dreams and summarize the characteristics of Li Bai's romantic poems.
2. Understand Li Bai's thoughts and feelings of despising powerful people and pursuing freedom, and learn from his independent and arrogant personality.
Difficulties: Understanding the connection between dreams and reality in combination with the background.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) oral teaching method and learning method
The core idea of the new curriculum is to help students improve their comprehensive Chinese literacy through text learning, question inquiry and activity experience in Chinese teaching. I mainly use the following teaching methods:
1. Create situations and enjoy teaching methods.
2. Ask questions and stir up thinking methods.
3. Cooperate to explore ways of communication.
Sixth, talk about the teaching process.
(A) the creation of situations, the introduction of new courses
Last class, we learned Li Bai's "Into the Wine", and we were moved by his personality of "being sad without hurting, being sad but strong" and "turning grief into freedom and unrestrained". Today, we will learn another of his poems, "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream", so that we can better understand this poet.
(B) carefully study the topic, a preliminary understanding.
Through the analysis of the topic, students can initially understand the content, writing purpose and style of poetry.
Sleepwalking: explain the content of this poem;
Tianmu: the object of sleepwalking;
Yin: The style of ancient poetry is mostly sad and the form is lively and informal, which is mainly manifested in the changeable rhythm of poetry and also determined by the poet's mood;
Farewell: explain the purpose of writing this poem-to be friends in the East.
I know this poem is about writing a dream and sleepwalking in Tianmu Mountain. The following links revolve around "dreams".
(3) Listen to dreams and experience the rhythm.
Listening to the model essay, on the one hand, corrects the pronunciation (many new words), on the other hand, allows students to experience the changeable rhythm of poetry and initially feel the rich imagination and unconstrained style of poetry.
(d) Preliminary reading, dream recognition and overall perception.
Let the students read freely with the following questions:
What did the poet dream? Why do you have such a dream? What's your reaction when you wake up?
Find out the corresponding paragraphs and let the students read them separately.
In this session, students will be attracted by this magical dream.
(5) Reread, savor dreams and explore the "wonder" of God.
This link is divided into three steps: analyzing "dream cause", appreciating "dream spectacle" and understanding "dream sigh"
1. Analysis of "dream cause"-Tianmu Mountain in reality
What is Tianmu Mountain like in reality? What expressive techniques does the poet have to describe?
Clear: In reality (I heard), Tianmu Mountain has magical and lofty characteristics, which makes poets yearn for it.
The techniques used are: exaggeration, contrast and contrast.
2. Appreciate the wonder of dreams-Tianmu Mountain in dreams
This is the focus of this poem. Through group discussion and cooperative inquiry, we set two questions:
(1) What is Tianmu Mountain in my dream? What is the poet's mood when he climbs Tianmu Mountain? (Summarize the image of Tianmu Mountain in the dream)
(2) What expression is used in this paragraph? What are the characteristics of sentence patterns? (Summarize the characteristics of romantic poetry)
Ask students to combine specific sentences when answering questions.
Clear:
Dreaming of Tianmu Mountain: Beauty, Height, Wonder and Fantasy (combined with specific sentence analysis)
Emotion: joy-fascination-surprise
Skills: exaggeration, imagination, metaphor, duality
Sentence pattern: Seven-character-based, mixed with five-character, four-character, six-character, nine-character, and Chu-ci sentence pattern (inheriting romanticism) (flexible).
3. Experience "sighing out of dreams" (the last two sentences and the third paragraph of the second paragraph)
The focus of this part is to let students realize the poet's loss after waking up, the helplessness of "everything flows in the East", the freedom of "not going to Xi" and the arrogance of "not serving dignitaries". Understand Li Bai's thoughts and feelings of despising powerful people and pursuing freedom, and learn from his independent and arrogant personality.
Dreams are usually a reaction to real life. What is the connection between the poet's dream and reality?
Eight, class summary
A generation of poets has passed away, but a spiritual banner will shine on the world forever. I hope students can find passion, strength and beauty in Li Bai's romance. Use Li Bai's great romance to pursue the great realm of life, to open up a new world of life, and to make our life wider and farther! Finally, let's recite the last paragraph in bizarre reverie and simple melody, and get out of the poet's dream, which is different from the ancients.
Design Intention The design of this lecture notes: With "dreams" as the line, through listening to dreams, recognizing dreams, tasting dreams and interpreting dreams, from the shallow to the deep, from the concrete to the abstract, it conforms to students' cognitive laws, and is easy to stimulate students' interest in learning and improve their ability of poetry appreciation. Pay attention to students' dominant position in the classroom. In view of the key and difficult points, let students spark in group discussion and cooperative inquiry and experience the fun of cooperative inquiry. The teacher's timely guidance and summary in class, especially the explanation of key and difficult problems, played a guiding role.
Teaching objectives of classic lecture 3 of "Dream of Mount Tianmu"
1. Understand the meaning and background of China's classical poems.
2. Read the dream described in the poem; Understand the poet's thoughts and feelings in poetry.
3. Appreciate the unique conception and exaggerated and changeable language features of this poem, and learn the fine tradition of romantic poetry.
Description:
Poets pay great attention to artistic conception when writing. Poets pay great attention to artistic conception when writing. Therefore, as an appreciator, when appreciating poetry, we must also pay attention to the grasp of artistic conception. What is the artistic conception? In short, it is the harmonious unity of emotion and scenery. Emotion refers to thoughts and feelings; Static refers to the artistic realm. Artistic conception is a combination of thoughts, feelings and artistic realm, not a simple addition of the two, but an organic whole. Critics of ancient poetry have heard that emotion and scenery are harmonious, and thinking and environment are * * *. Poetry with perfect artistic conception, the harmonious unity of emotion and scenery, is not only a blend of scenes, but also a contrast, that is, thoughts, feelings and artistic realm complement each other.
"Giving priority to meaning" is the central idea repeatedly emphasized by Wang Fuzhi in Jiang Zhai Shi Hua in Qing Dynasty. Preface to Jiang Zhai Shi Hua ·Xi· Tang Yongri said: "No matter poetry or long prose, it is mainly about meaning. Meaning is like a towel. Without a handsome soldier, it is called martial harmony. " Put meaning (the ideological content and intention of the work) first, just like the commander-in-chief of the army. He also thinks that the themes such as "misty clouds, spring stones, flowers and birds, moss forests, and gold shops" are "intended to be spiritual."
"The heart is not lonely, but born of war", which is a viewpoint elaborated by A Qing Wuqiao when he discussed "the fate of the Tang people". "Poetry around the stove" Volume 1: "The heart is not alone, born in war. Familiar with the old and new Tang festivals, a mirror, history and miscellaneous notes can make the author know his current affairs, his situation and his poetry. " Here, we notice the influence of the poet's environment and experience on the conception of poetry. Wu believes that poetry is not conceived out of thin air, but is determined by the poet's specific environment and experience. Only by reading all kinds of history books can we understand the significance of poems written by poets in the Tang Dynasty.
The title of this poem is "Biedonglu Zhu Gong", which was written after the Imperial Academy. In the third year of Tianbao, Li Bai was given gold by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, which was a major political failure of Li Bai. After leaving Chang 'an, he made friends with Du Fu, Gao, Liang, Song, Qi, Lu and Dong Lu. At this time, Donglu's home is quite big, so you can enjoy killing time at home. But Li Bai didn't do it. He has an unstable soul, and he has a higher and further pursuit, so he left his home at the east foot and embarked on a wandering journey again. This poem was written when he bid farewell to Duke Lu Dong. Although it has been many years since I left the Imperial Academy, my anger and resentment against political setbacks are still smouldering, so at the end of the poem, I made such a radical voice.
Li Bai loved mountains and rivers all his life and achieved his dream. The sleepwalking described in this poem may not be completely illusory, but whether it is illusory or not, sleepwalking is more suitable for being divorced from reality and more convenient for exerting his imagination and exaggerated talent.
Li Bai's ancient poetry is both a dream poem and a wandering poem. However, this poem does not completely remember dreams and wandering immortals, but expresses his dissatisfaction with the dark reality and his rebellious spirit of contempt for powerful people by remembering dreams and wandering immortals.
The beautiful realm in the poem entrusts the poet's life ideal, embodies the poet's contempt and disgust for the dirty and ugly phenomenon of the upper class, and shows the poet's noble personality and dignity.
The whole poem is divided into three sections. The first section is from the beginning to "here, it begins to turn to the southeast". With the help of "Only the Yue people talk about Tianmu Mountain", they strongly praise the majestic beauty of Tianmu Mountain and its ardent yearning mood. In the middle paragraph, the sentence connects the past with the future, and people dream without showing traces, writing all kinds of thrilling wonders and visions of sleepwalking in Tianmu Mountain. At the end of the article, with the link of "I am moving, the soul is wandering, and I am suddenly surprised and long", I write that he returned to reality from sleepwalking, lamented his ambition, and revealed the theme of "not serving the powerful".
Li Bai is a talented romantic poet. With highly exaggerated symbolic artistic techniques, he wandered between dreams and reality, made a vivid artistic image of his gloomy feelings, and constructed a dreamy but unreal sleepwalking picture.
Therefore, it is the key to guide students to appreciate this poem to interpret the dream described in this poem from a unique conception.
Teaching emphases and difficulties
1, teaching focus: go deep into the text to understand the author's feelings in the specific sleepwalking process and sentence appreciation.
2. Teaching difficulties: the relationship between meaning and context in Tianmu Mountain's climbing dream.
Description:
Chinese learning needs immersion. The teaching process is a process of guiding students to interpret the text and understand the author's thoughts and feelings, and it is also a process of students' independent exploration and improvement of various Chinese academic abilities. Therefore, students should be given time and space to think about activities, so that they can deepen their understanding, express their views and constantly improve their ability in the taste perception of specific text paragraphs.
Li Bai is another great romantic poet after Qu Yuan in the history of China literature. His poetry is the product of the spirit of the times, which is high-spirited, energetic, confident and enterprising in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His poems express the political ideal of "saving the world and enriching the wealth" and "harmony is precious", express strong dissatisfaction and resistance to the dark reality under the feudal system, express the desire for light and freedom, express sincere feelings for the working people, and praise the magic and magnificence of the motherland. His poems are full of passion, rich in imagination, fantastic, exaggerated, bold, amazing, real and vivid, free and changeable in form, freely used, fresh and natural in language and magnificent, forming a bold and elegant artistic style. His works became an unattainable model admired by later generations, which greatly opened up a new realm of poetry art and had a great influence on later generations.
The artistic conception of the work is closely related to the author's experience, interest, mood and even creative style. Some authors are good at expressing the majestic weather and expressing their feelings of agitation and hard work, thus forming a magnificent artistic conception; Some authors are good at describing elegant and quiet scenery and expressing touching and delicate feelings, thus forming a gentle and deep artistic conception.
"A sailing tourist will talk about Japan, and water and fog are hidden outside the method; However, the more people talk about Tianmu Mountain, the deeper the clouds are. " At the beginning of the poem, Yingzhou, an overseas wonderland in ancient legend, is illusory and cannot be found; In reality, Tianmu Mountain is hidden in clouds and neon lights, which is really better than fairyland. Virtual reality highlights the scenery of Tianmu Mountain and implies the poet's yearning for Tianmu Mountain. The writing style is full of magic and fascinating.
Tianmu Mountain is near Tunxi. According to legend, climbers have heard the song of the immortal Tianmu Mountain, hence the name. Tianmu Mountain is opposite to Tiantai Mountain, with steep peaks. Looking up at it is like looking up at the sky and falling into a fairyland, which is easy to arouse tourists' reverie. The landscape of eastern Zhejiang is the place that Li Bai yearned for when he was young. When he first came out of Sichuan, he said, "This trip is not a bass, but a famous mountain." Before entering Hanlin, he traveled more than once. He not only likes the scenery here very much, but also is very enthusiastic.
Tianmu Mountain, known as the miracle, is a beautiful land in eastern Vietnam. However, compared with the five famous mountains in China-Wuyue, its position in people's minds is still dwarfed. However, in his poems, Li Bai boasted that "he climbed to the top of the five mountains and penetrated China", which was even more tall and straight than the five mountains. The famous Tiantai Mountain leans as if it fell at the foot of Tianmu Mountain. This Tianmu Mountain is about standing out from the crowd and soaring into the sky, which is unusual. This dream of Tianmu Mountain should be said to be the illusion of strange mountains and strange mountains that Li Bai experienced all his life. It is the exaggerated shadow of Tianmu Mountain in the reality described by Li Bai.
Then, it shows a magnificent and changeable wonder: Tianmu Mountain is hidden in clouds and neon lights, which arouses the poet's desire to explore, and the poet enters a dream, as if flying over the mirror lake under the irradiation of clear moonlight. Mingyue reflected his shadow on Jinghu Lake and sent him down to the place where Xie Lingyun once stayed. He put on Xie Lingyun's special clogs and climbed the stone road that Xie Gong had climbed-the Qingyun ladder. I saw: "halfway through the sunny ocean, the holy rooster crows in space, and there are thousands of words, which are uncertain. Flowers lure me and stones slow me down. The day suddenly ended. In "Bear, Dragon, Mountains and Rivers in Waves", the forest is deep and the floor is breathtaking. Clouds are dark because of rain, and streams are light because of fog. " Following the flight, I wrote down what I saw in the mountains, the stone path circled, the light in the deep mountains was dim, I saw the sea and the rising sun, and I saw the cock crow. This is a dawn; However, in the charming mountain flowers and resting on the rocks, I suddenly feel that dusk is coming, and the change of dusk is so sudden. In the potato color, Xiong Long sings, shaking the valley, deep forest trembling, and the top of the floor is shocked. Not only living bears and dragons express their feelings by singing and growling, but even the top of the floor and the depths of the forest can tremble and disturb. Smoke, water and Qingyun are full of gloom, and they are integrated with the poet's feelings to form a unified atmosphere. The front is a romantic description of Tianmu Mountain, which is both high and strange; Here is a romantic lyric, both deep and far. This strange realm is shocking enough, but the poet did not stop there, but the poetic realm changed from strange to absurd, and the whole poem also entered a climax. In the suffocating twilight, in an instant, "the mountains collapsed", a fairy tale world "vented in the sinkhole" and "an impenetrable shadow, but now the sun and the moon illuminate the gold and silver platform". Wearing rainbow clothes and riding the wind, all the queens of the clouds came and came down one by one. "Land, appear here. "Cloud King" is wearing a rainbow, driving a long wind as a horse, a tiger as a drum, and a phoenix as a car. It's all a grand gathering of poets ordering people to go to Xianshan. What a grand and warm scene this is. "Row after row, like a field of hemp, arranging immortal figures" 1 A group of immortals seems to be lining up to welcome the arrival of the poet. The golden platform, the silver platform and the sun and the moon complement each other. The scenery is magnificent and colorful. How shocking and dazzling! The grand occasion of fairy mountain is a reflection of human life. In addition to the impression of Qianshan, the ancient legend, the inspiration and influence of Qu Yuan's poems, and the traces of three years' court life in Chang 'an, these are all condensed together through the extraordinary imagination of romanticism, which leads to such a wonderful description.
It is worth noting that this poem written in fairyland is different from ordinary fairy poems. It has deep feelings and fierce protests. It does not really rely on illusion, but still focuses on reality in the illusory description of the celestial world. I am wandering in the fairyland in the sky, but I feel that "this is the consistent way of human happiness".
Wonderland suddenly disappeared, the dream was shattered, and the poet finally returned to reality in shock. After the dream is shattered, people don't fly lightly in the dream as they please, but lie heavily on the pillow. "Thousands of waters flow eastward in Qian Shan" contains the poet's helplessness and deep feelings about life. At this moment, the poet is most gratified by "but let me raise a white deer on my green slope and ride to you when I need you, Dashan". The pleasure of traveling in the mountains and water is the fastest meaning, that is, in the Preface to the Spring Banquet in the Peach Blossom Garden, it is said: "The ancients walked by candlelight at night, good." Originally, poetry seemed to have been exhausted, but in the end, I added two sentences angrily: "Oh, how can I seriously bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials who will never be shown an honest face!" I spit out the depression of Chang 'an for three years. The pen falling from the sky lit up the theme of the whole poem: yearning for famous mountains and fairyland, from the struggle against powerful people, and singing the voices of many talented people in feudal society. In the hierarchical feudal society, how many people bow to the powerful and how many people are buried in obscurity? Compared with other dynasties, the Tang Dynasty was more open-minded and attached more importance to talents, but this was just for comparison. At that time, talents still could not get rid of the humiliating position of "the footman was in the gas chamber". The word "bend over" originated from Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Because he didn't want to be humiliated, Tao Yuanming gave him the word "go back". Although Li Bai was loved by the emperor, he was only a ci minister and was humiliated in the court. We can get some news from these two poems. The feudal monarch claimed to be the "son of heaven" and ruled the world, raising himself to the supreme position, but denied the dignity of all people. The resolute attitude expressed by Li Bai here is a glimpse of contempt for feudal rulers. In feudal society, not many people dare to think and say so. Li Bai said and did, which is the greatness of his difference from ordinary people.
The content of this poem is rich and tortuous, fantastic and changeable, and the images are colorful, which constitutes the romantic artistic conception of the whole poem. Its subjective intention was originally to publicize the negative thought that "thousands of waters flow eastward in Qian Shan", but its style is high-spirited and vigorous, with an indomitable spirit running through it, without any feeling of depression.