1. Fields dominated by gramineous weeds: The available herbicides are 20% dimethoxydine EC, 5% quizalofop-ethyl EC, 1
1. Fields dominated by gramineous weeds: The available herbicides are 20% dimethoxydine EC, 5% quizalofop-ethyl EC, 10% quizalofop-ethyl EC, 15% fenflufen EC, 35% diflubenzuron EC, 36% tribenuron EC and 65438+. 2. Fields dominated by broad-leaved weeds: The available herbicides are 24% fomesafen, 48% bentazone and 25% huwei.
1. What herbicide is used to weed broad beans?
1, a field dominated by gramineous weeds
(1)20% dimethoxypyridine EC: used for 2-5 leaf stage of gramineous weeds, 67- 100 ml per mu, 40-50 liters of water, and evenly spraying weed stems and leaves. To control perennial gramineous weeds or older weeds, the dosage can be increased by 30-50 ml.
(2)5% quizalofop-p-ethyl EC or 10% quizalofop-p-ethyl EC: used for weeds such as cattail, crabgrass, barnyard grass and milkweed. At the stage of 3-5 leaves, 30-60 ml of quizalofop-p-ethyl or 50-80 ml of quizalofop-p-ethyl are applied per mu. To control perennial gramineous weeds, the dosage can be increased to 100- 130ml.
(3) 15% fenpropathrin emulsifiable concentrate or 35% fenpropathrin emulsifiable concentrate: 33-50ml/mu of cattail, crabgrass, barnyard grass and other weeds in 2-3 leaf stage, 66-80ml/mu in 4-6 leaf stage, 40-50l of water, and evenly sprayed on the stems and leaves of weeds. To control perennial weeds, the dosage can be increased to 100- 150ml.
(4)36% tribenuron-methyl EC: used for 2-4-leaf annual gramineous weeds, per mu 170-200ml.
(5) 12.5% flurbiprofen EC or 10.8% high-efficiency flurbiprofen EC: used for annual gramineous weeds with 3-5 leaf stages, with the dosage of 20-35 ml per mu.
2. Fields covered with broad-leaved weeds
(1)24% fomesafen aqueous solution: used in the 2-4 leaf stage of annual broad-leaved grass, 67- 100 ml per mu, 40-50 liters of water, and evenly sprayed on the stems and leaves of weeds. Adding 330 grams of urea can improve the weed control effect by 5%- 10%.
(2)48% bentazone: used in 2-5 leaf stage of broad-leaved grass, 200ml per mu.
(3)25% Huwei aqua: It is used for broad-leaved weeds in 3-5 leaf stage, with 40 ml per mu and 30 liters of water spraying, and is suitable for fields where monocotyledonous weeds and dicotyledonous weeds are mixed.
Second, the planting method of broad beans
1, variety selection
In areas with fertile soil and high fertilization level, fertilizer-tolerant and lodging-resistant varieties should be selected to give play to the potential of increasing production; In areas with poor soil and low fertilization level, stable varieties with wide adaptability and poor tolerance should be selected. After selecting seeds, the seeds should be treated and dried for 2-3 days to improve the germination rate and germination potential.
2. Soil preparation and fertilization
Broad bean is a deep-rooted crop. Before sowing, we should carefully prepare the soil, dig deep and plow, and rake it carefully to ensure that the soil is soft, which is conducive to root expansion and nodule formation. Inoculation with rhizobia can increase yield. After ploughing, the soil moisture should be opened by ditching, and the soil moisture level should not be too wide. For the land with poor drainage, it is necessary to dig deep appropriately. Combined with soil preparation, decomposed farmyard manure should be applied to the plot to ensure soil fertility.
3, timely sowing
The sowing date of broad beans in different areas is different. Broad bean producing areas in China are generally divided into spring sowing areas and autumn sowing areas. Broad beans in spring sowing areas such as northwest China are generally sown in spring, while broad beans in autumn sowing areas such as southwest China and Yangtze River Basin are generally sown in autumn. Sowing density should be determined according to the cultivation purpose, variety characteristics, soil fertility and fertilization level. Fields with good fertility conditions can be sown thinly, and fields with poor fertility conditions should be planted densely. After sowing, cover the seeds with fine manure or fine soil to ensure the emergence of seedlings.
4. Tian Tuan management
(1) intertillage weeding: After broad beans emerge, chemical agents cannot be used to weed, only intertillage weeding can be carried out. When the seedling height is 10 cm, the first intertillage weeding is carried out; When the soil surface turns white after the first irrigation, you can loosen the soil for the second time to weed; From pod setting to maturity, pull up weeds 1-2 times according to the weed situation in the field.
(2) Reasonable irrigation and drainage: Vicia faba has the characteristics of being wet-loving, afraid of water accumulation and waterlogging, and the watering needs to be determined according to the weather conditions and the water demand of Vicia faba in its life stage. When the soil is dry, water it quickly, not slowly, and the amount of water should not be too large. In rainy and heavy rainfall weather, it is necessary to eliminate the accumulated water in the field in time to avoid causing diseases and reduce the yield of broad beans.
(3) Scientific fertilization: The principle of fertilization for broad beans is to apply nitrogen fertilizer appropriately, increase phosphorus fertilizer, increase potassium fertilizer and supplement trace fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used in seedling stage, ternary compound fertilizer is mainly used for topdressing at flowering stage, and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used. When broad beans set pods, compound fertilizer is also the main method, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied appropriately, and foliar fertilizer should be sprayed in time after each harvest.
(4) Pruning and topping: In order to ensure the high yield and high quality of broad beans, it is very necessary to arrange branches and leaves reasonably and topping. Beat the main stem at the stage of 3-5 moss leaves (beat off the mother branches of beans); Remove old, weak, sick and residual branches in bud stage; Removing redundant epigenetic branches at flowering stage; Picking (topping) at the late stage of pod can promote the growth of lateral branches.
(5) Pest control: The main diseases of broad beans are red spot, brown spot and rust, and the main pests are aphids, thrips and liriomyza sativae, which seriously endanger the normal growth of broad beans. In order to control pests and diseases, besides selecting disease-resistant varieties and strengthening field management, chemical control is also necessary, and corresponding chemical spraying can be taken according to symptoms.
5, timely harvesting
Fresh broad beans should be harvested when the pods are fat, tender and the seeds are obviously swollen; The suitable harvesting time of dried beancurd is that the leaves wither, the middle and lower pods turn black, and it is harvested once when it is dry. Premature seeds will be too small, too tender and have low yield; If it is too late, it will be too hard to eat.