"No.3 door, there is a screen under the old pagoda tree. The white wall is black and white, and the medium oil is two feet square. There is no shadow wall outside the gate of Qijia, and all hutongs have no shadow wall. " From Lao She's Four Generations under One roof, we feel that the screen wall outside the door is obviously not the building that can be found in front of the poor people's yard. More famous, like No.55 Hutong, Shi Jia, there is a brick-carved poem couplet of the Qing Dynasty and the prince on the screen wall inside the gate. The left couplet is "Red Pearl Zhang Dou Cherry Ripe" and the right couplet is "Peacock Leisure with Golden Tail Screen". There is a poem in the middle: "The Gui Temple is connected with the mountain, the green water is natural, the shade cliff is beautiful, and the warm valley is gurgling." Performance for evil, merit is suitable for cultivation. Coulee will be one trillion yuan, and this world will exist forever. "
Indeed, the screen outside the door is only available outside the Wang Fu Gate and the high-end Liangguang Gate. This screen wall is generally "I" shaped, and some are like "8" shaped, slightly higher in the middle and slightly lower on both sides.
There is a distance in front of the gate of some large-scale buildings, which is the place where the shadow wall is set, facing the gate, and forms the square in front of the gate with the archway or buildings around the gate.
In Beijing, there are many quadrangles with screen walls in front of them, especially in the east and west cities where the east is rich and the west is expensive. For example, several quadrangles in Huangmi Hutong in Dongcheng sit opposite the gate facing south, and there is a big screen wall with "I" written on both sides of the gate. Among this kind of screen wall of Beijing residential buildings, the largest and most exquisite brick carving is the west entrance of the big headline of Beixinqiao. This screen wall is splayed, very long, about 10 meter. The brick carving on it is very beautiful, and there is an eaves above the screen wall. This screen wall is the residence of Wang, the general of the Northeast Army, but the door of the residence has been sealed and changed into a house. A toilet was built in front of the screen wall because of the spacious place.
The shadow wall outside the door invisibly brings the public walkway into its own control field. Although pedestrians are not forbidden to pass, it gives people the feeling that they belong to his home, and others seem to have invaded his home.
There is also a screen wall outside the gate. On both sides of the gate, like xinhua gate in Zhongnanhai, West Chang 'an Avenue, there are long screen walls. In Beijing, most quadrangle buildings have a considerable scale. In addition to the opposite screen wall, there are doors on both sides.
Yes
Compared with the screen wall outside the gate, the screen wall inside the gate faces the gate, and there is a screen door on the left and right. Formally speaking, it can be divided into two types: independent type and mountain borrowing type. The so-called independence requires a wide place, especially the front yard of the inverted house (South House). The independent screen wall is bricked up from the ground, and there is a protruding brick carving pattern or auspicious text in the center. Independent screen wall, almost like a biased house. The gable style is relatively simple, and the gable in the east wing is used as a screen wall, mostly for peace, with auspicious words written on it. Generally, there is no sumeru below, but it must be above the eaves. Some screen walls are also at the entrance of the second door or the north wall of the west wing, because the courtyard door opens in the southwest corner of the yard.
In the peony garden of Jietai Temple, an ancient temple in western Beijing, there is a flower bed screen wall made of Taihu stone. It used to be the palace of emperors in Ming and Qing dynasties. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Prince Gong lived here for a long time and carried out a major overhaul. The screen wall of this flower bed is 3 meters high and 6 meters long. Taihu Lake is strewn at random with rocks and many caves, which looks like a rockery, so it is also called a rockery shadow wall. In front of the screen wall is a flower bed, which is integrated with the screen wall and is also a Taihu stone, 5 meters long. This kind of rockery flower bed screen wall not only plays the role of a curtain, but also enjoys the scenery, which is very unique and is the product of the ingenious combination of traditional quadrangles in Beijing and garden art in Jiangnan.
As a wall type, the shadow wall is mostly just decorated on the wall, and it is impossible to be decorated all over the body like the Nine Dragon Wall, even in the Han Palace building. Judging from the layout of the decoration, it is mostly concentrated in the center and four corners of the wall. The center is called a "box" and the four corners are called "bifurcation angles". Judging from the content of decoration, most of them are all kinds of animal patterns and plants and flowers, and the materials are very extensive. But the theme used is sometimes related to the content of the building. For example, in hall of mental cultivation and hall of mental cultivation, where the Emperor and Empress live in the Forbidden City, the central frame of the glazed screen wall in the courtyard has the content of "Yuanyang Lielian". In a box shaped like a begonia flower, two mandarin ducks float on the water, surrounded by lotus leaves, lotus flowers and lotus flowers.
In some palaces, temples or courtyards of government agencies, only colored glass is used as the top of the wall, the arches and beams on the shadow wall, the wall has a glass frame with a red-gray wall in the middle, and the middle frame and four corners are decorated with yellow-green glass.
Cleanliness and elegance are the characteristics of a large number of residential shadow walls. Some screen walls are decorated slightly in front, with flowers and plants, or Taihu stone, which can make the whole screen wall lively from image to color. As far as the gate is concerned, the decorative function of the screen wall increases the momentum of the gate. As far as the screen wall inside the door is concerned, it creates a harmonious, quiet and quiet environment. Its constituent elements include not only the screen wall itself, but also the screen door with a green background and a potted flower, lotus root or fish tank in front of the screen wall. When visitors enter the door, the first thing they see is elegant and bright screen walls and lush flowers and plants, and the visual experience is naturally beautiful.
The screen door, together with the inner screen wall, is also a barrier to block the line of sight in the hospital. But unlike the screen wall, the screen door is alive, not dead. The former is a wall and the latter is a door, hence the name "screen door". Screen doors consist of four or more doors that can be opened. In addition to setting screen doors on both sides of the small courtyard formed between the gate and the screen wall, it is also set in the outer courtyard, on the west side opposite to the east, which is also the place where toilets are often located. In addition, as the hanging flower door of the second door, there are four screen doors on the front, even when the courtyards are connected horizontally.
Some screen doors are installed on wooden frames, but more are installed on walls with short eaves or overlapping tiles at the top, and the sill frame is black. Iron parts are installed at the upper and lower corners of one side of each door panel to restrict the door panel from rotating and opening in the sill frame and the pit. When necessary, the door panel is removed and moved to other places. The red squares on the green screen doors are generally written with big characters in black: "good luck" and "peace in the four seasons". Some use round tiles as the birthday characters, while others sprinkle gold on the red background.
In the place where the entrance to the north of the inner courtyard leads to the front yard of the wing, there are often walls and screen doors. In the courtyard without walls and windows around the hall, the doors leading to both sides are also screen doors.
The screen door in the Diaohuamen (the second door) is the most attractive. Contrary to the luxurious decoration of the hanging flower door, the green screen door is more elegant and simple, and the black auspicious characters in Red Square add a charm. Wanrong's former residence at No.35 and No.37, Nanmaoer Hutong, Gulou, Dongcheng, was expanded because Wanrong became a "post-residence" after registration. After the completion of the project, the front yard was enlarged, with four partition windows engraved with rhombic flowers on the southeast ridge wall, a serrated screen wall in the door and four screen doors on the left and right. The entrance to the West Screen Gate is the West Yard, and the hanging flower gate is in the north. There are screen gates in the east and west leading to both sides of the courtyard. The third yard is the upper house. The south wall of the courtyard is a blue-painted gold plate wall, with a brick sumitomo under it, and a wooden screen door hanging from the top of the mountain in the middle. There are quite a few places with screen doors in such a big mansion.
There is also a big quadrangle with four entrances, such as Assorted Garden 19 where Dai Li lives. There is a moon screen door on the west side of the main courtyard, which is a small courtyard made of stones. No.25 East Street of the Art Museum was originally the residence of Cixi's niece, and there is a moon screen door on the west side of the main courtyard. But it doesn't lead to the cross courtyard, but to the third courtyard.