The occupational disease mentioned in the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases refers to the diseases caused by the workers of the employer's contact with dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful substances in their professional activities. At present, there are 99 kinds of occupational diseases in nine categories published in China. Nine categories of occupational diseases are occupational poisoning, pneumoconiosis, physical factors, occupational infectious diseases, occupational skin diseases, occupational eye diseases, occupational otorhinolaryngology diseases, occupational tumors and other occupational diseases.
Occupational hazard factors include: all kinds of harmful chemical, physical and biological factors existing in occupational activities and other occupational hazards generated in the process of operation, among which chemical factors mainly refer to toxic substances (such as lead, mercury, benzene, carbon monoxide, organophosphorus pesticides, etc. ) and productive dust (silica dust, asbestos dust, coal dust, organic dust, etc.). ); Physical factors refer to abnormal meteorological conditions, abnormal air pressure, noise, vibration, non-ionizing radiation and ionizing radiation; Biological factors refer to some pathogenic microorganisms.
3. Ways of occupational hazards invading human body
(1) Respiratory tract: This is the main way for occupational hazards to invade the human body. All gases, liquids and aerosols (dust, smoke and fog) can be inhaled through the respiratory tract.
(2) Skin: Some occupational hazards can enter the human body through intact skin. When the skin is damaged, a large number of poisons that cannot be absorbed through intact skin will also be absorbed.
(3) Digestive tract: In the production process, occupational hazards are generally not easy to enter the human body through the digestive tract. When an accident occurs or personal hygiene is not paid attention to, poisons will be ingested into the body through contaminated hands, clothes and food. Breast-fed women can transmit toxins to their babies through milk to cause poisoning.
legal ground
Article 3 of the Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases
The prevention and control of occupational diseases should adhere to the principle of giving priority to prevention and combining prevention with control, establish a mechanism of employing units' responsibility, administrative supervision, industry self-discipline, employees' participation and social supervision, and implement classified management and comprehensive management.