The standard name of the forklift you mentioned should be loader.
I would like to recommend some articles to you, I hope they will be helpful to you.
Flexible Operation Method of Loader Operation Skills
Through practical exploration, I have summarized the six-step "Flexible Operation Method of Loader" to drive a loader well, which can be summarized as: The first is lightness, the second is stability, the third is separation, the fourth is diligence, the fifth is coordination, and the sixth is strict prohibition.
Yiqing: When operating the loader, keep your heels firmly against the cab floor, keep your feet parallel to the accelerator pedal, and gently press the accelerator pedal.
Second Stability: When the loader is operating, the throttle must always be steady. Under normal operating conditions, the throttle opening is appropriate at about 70%.
Three separations: When the loader is operating, the foot plate should be separated from the brake pedal and placed flat on the cab floor. It is best not to step on the brake pedal. Loaders often work on uneven construction sites. If the foot is always on the brake pedal, the body will move up and down, causing the driver to step on the brake pedal carelessly. Under normal circumstances, the engine condition and gear shifting should be controlled by controlling the throttle and deceleration. This not only avoids overheating of the braking system caused by frequent braking, but also brings convenience to the loader to speed up quickly.
Siqin: When the loader is operating, especially when shoveling, the bucket should be filled with material by cyclically pulling the lifting and bucket control levers while the throttle is stable. . The cyclic pulling of the lifting and rotating bucket control levers is what is called "diligence". This process is very important and has a great impact on fuel consumption.
Five coordination: Coordination is the organic cooperation of the lifting and rotating bucket control levers. The general shoveling process of a loader is to first place the bucket flat on the ground and drive smoothly towards the material pile. When the bucket encounters resistance when shoveling parallel to the material pile, the principle of raising the arm first and then retracting the bucket should be followed. This can effectively avoid resistance at the bottom of the bucket, allowing the maximum digging force to be fully exerted.
Six strict prohibitions: First, it is strictly prohibited to slam the accelerator. Whether the loader is walking or during shoveling operations, do not step on the accelerator pedal hard, and always keep the accelerator control light, steady, and gentle. Fully reduce and reduce human failures in operations.
Secondly, tire slipping is strictly prohibited. When the loader is working, if you encounter resistance and slam the accelerator, the tires will often slip. This phenomenon is usually caused by improper operation by the driver, which not only increases fuel consumption but also damages the tires.
Once again, it is strictly prohibited to lift the rear wheel. Due to the large breakout force of the loader, the driver is usually shoveling solid raw soil and stone mountains. If the driver does not operate properly, it is easy for the two rear wheels to lift off the ground. The landing inertia of this tilting action will cause the blade of the bucket to break and the bucket to deform. When the rear wheel is tilted very high, it can easily cause cracks in the welds of the front and rear frames and other structures, or even plate breakage.
The fourth is that it is strictly prohibited to hit the pile. When shoveling ordinary materials, the loader can operate in gear II. It is strictly prohibited to make inertial impact on the material pile at gears above level II. The correct method should be to timely switch the gear to I gear when the bucket approaches the material pile to complete a shoveling process.
How to operate a loader to save fuel most
The fuel consumption of wheeled construction machinery is a major item in the construction cost. For this reason, fuel with a freezing point 3-5°C lower than the lowest temperature in the area should first be selected based on the temperature in the construction area. The fuel-saving measures that should be taken for construction transportation vehicles and engines are as follows:
(1) Reduce the weight of the vehicle as much as possible. Increasing the vehicle's dead weight will correspondingly increase fuel consumption. Therefore, unnecessary additional equipment on the vehicle should be removed during construction without affecting the quality of the project.
(2) Try to reduce the resistance and acceleration resistance of the vehicle as much as possible. The greater the resistance, the more fuel will be consumed.
If the vehicle speed is below 40km/h during construction, air resistance can be ignored, but rolling resistance should be noted. When a vehicle is driving on an uneven road surface, the deformation of the suspension device and tires increases due to frequent jumping, resulting in a large increase in rolling resistance. Compared with driving on a good road surface, fuel consumption increases by 30%-50%. Therefore, construction access roads must be repaired and maintained. At the same time, vehicle tire pressure also has a great impact on rolling resistance. If the tire pressure is reduced on a hard road, the tire will deform greatly and the rolling resistance will increase; if the tire pressure is reduced on a soft road, the contact area between the tire and the ground will increase, and the pressure per unit area will decrease, which will reduce the rolling resistance. Therefore, pay attention to changes in road conditions during construction and choose appropriate tire pressure to reduce fuel consumption. The transmission ratio of each gear of the vehicle transmission has a great influence on fuel consumption. During construction, high-speed gears with small transmission ratios should be used as much as possible to save fuel.
(3) Increase the engine compression ratio to the standard value. The compression ratio of diesel engines is generally between 16-22.
Increasing the compression ratio increases the temperature and pressure at the end of compression, which is beneficial to the combustion and expansion of the mixture; it improves the thermal efficiency of the engine, increases the effective power, and reduces fuel consumption. The specific measures are: reduce the resistance of the air intake system. The filter must be cleaned and maintained in time to ensure that enough air enters the cylinder in a timely manner. Keep the vehicle in good condition. As for the cylinder pressure of the engine, generally the diesel engine should not be lower than 20% of the original engine standard pressure, and the gasoline engine should not be lower than 30%. For the pressure difference between each cylinder, it is generally required that the diesel engine does not exceed 8% and the gasoline engine does not exceed 10%. If the cylinder pressure does not meet the specified standards, the valves should be ground, piston rings should be replaced, etc. as needed. It should also be noted that the carbon deposits in the combustion chamber will tend to automatically increase the compression ratio. An excessively high compression ratio and carbon deposits can easily cause deflagration in the cylinder, causing increased fuel consumption. Therefore, it is very necessary to remove the carbon deposits; in addition, , the gap between the intake and exhaust valves must be adjusted to the specified value, because too large or too small a gap will cause an increase in fuel consumption.
(4) Calibrate the fuel supply advance angle of the engine. If the fuel supply advance angle is too large or too small, the fuel consumption of the engine will increase. Therefore, in order to ensure good performance of the engine, the fuel supply advance angle must be calibrated.
(5) Reduce fuel consumption per unit load. When the vehicle condition permits, increasing the vehicle's load capacity to the rated load can increase productivity and significantly reduce fuel consumption per unit weight.
(6) Master the economic speed. During construction, the roads are generally informal roads, that is, roads. In this case, the correct relationship between safety, fuel consumption and vehicle speed should be grasped. Taking the Tatra T815 vehicle at half load as an example, the relationship between fuel consumption and vehicle speed is: when the vehicle speed is 25-30km/h, the fuel consumption is the lowest. That is, during construction, this vehicle speed can ensure production efficiency and be economical and reasonable.
(7) Choose the correct lubricant. Choosing the right lubricant is a key factor in whether the engine can reduce power consumption and fuel consumption. Lubricants of different specifications and brands should be used in winter and summer.
How to maintain a loader
According to loader maintenance regulations, new vehicles are divided into 4 maintenance times. The first 50-100 hours need to be replaced; engine oil, oil filter, diesel filter , the second time 100-300 hours to replace the engine oil, transmission oil, oil filter, diesel filter, the third time 300-500 hours to replace the engine oil, front and rear axle oil, oil filter, diesel filter, the fourth time Replace hydraulic oil, engine oil, oil filter, diesel filter, and transmission oil every 500-1000 hours. (I personally recommend that you change the engine oil, oil filter, and diesel filter more often, and replace the engine every 300 hours of operation. Engine oil is best) (gearbox, front and rear axle, it is recommended that you change it every 800 hours) (hydraulic oil is best changed every 1000 to 1500 hours). If your loader works in a very dusty environment, use an air pump to blow it frequently. As for the air filter, it is recommended that you buy two air filters and use them interchangeably. Regarding the issue of adding diesel, it is recommended that you put some gauze or socks on the fuel port of the diesel tank to filter impurities in the diesel. The loader has a grease port. The parts of the shaft and pins need to be buttered every day. For example, some shafts and pins need to be buttered frequently.