The annual Mid-Autumn Festival is a day for families to reunite. During the festival, people gather together to eat moon cakes, drink tea, and admire the moon. Some even watch the Mid-Autumn Festival Galas launched by major TV stations. The family can be described as leisurely, warm and happy. So in ancient my country, what did people do during the Mid-Autumn Festival? Let Lao Huangli introduce to you what is good to do during the Mid-Autumn Festival and what the ancients loved most during the Mid-Autumn Festival.
Judging from the "Mid-Autumn Night to Welcome the Cold" in "Zhou Li Chunguan", "Mid-Autumn Festival" already occupied a certain position in the hearts of ancient Chinese people, but the "Mid-Autumn Festival" at this time is different from the modern "Mid-Autumn Festival" "Mid-Autumn Festival" is not the same concept. Even in the Tang Dynasty, which had the most holidays, the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month was not a legal holiday, but they already had many rich customs.
Tang Dynasty: Women worshiped the moon. On the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month in the Tang Dynasty, women were the most active, especially young girls, who worshiped the moon mother, which is the so-called "women worship the moon." .
The poem "Worship the Crescent Moon" written by Li Duan, one of the "Ten Talents of the Dali Dynasty", describes the situation of women worshiping the moon in the Tang Dynasty: "When you open the curtain and see the new moon, you will go down the steps to worship it. . Whispers go unheard, but the north wind blows the wind." The so-called "new moon" in the poem refers to the moon that just rose on the night of August 15th.
In the Tang Dynasty, the custom of "women worshiping the moon" was quite popular. Whether in the court or among the people, women did not forget to worship the moon on the night of August 15th. Shi Jianwu's "Young Girl Ci" further proves the influence of the custom of worshiping the moon on women in the Tang Dynasty. Even little girls know: "Young girls are only six years old, and they don't know skill or clumsiness. Xiang Ye is in front of the hall, learning how to worship the new moon. ”
So why did women in the Tang Dynasty like to worship the moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival? There is a profound cultural connotation and religious background here. In the eyes of the ancients, the Mid-Autumn Festival, like the Hungry Ghost Festival on July 15th and the Shangyuan Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month, were both women's festivals. The ancients believed that all things have animism, and there is also a god on the moon - the lunar god representing the female, corresponding to the "sun god" representing the male.
After the birth of the myth of "Chang'e flying to the moon", the moon as the moon god was personified, and Chang'e became the incarnation of the moon goddess. Chang'e is the gospel of women and can bestow women with beauty, love and family happiness, so it is natural to worship her. This concept has been widely recognized in the Tang Dynasty. It is easy to understand that women in the Tang Dynasty loved to worship the moon.
So how did women worship the moon at that time? There is this description in "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital: Spring Field" co-authored by Liu Tong and Yu Yizheng in the late Ming Dynasty: "On the 15th day of the eighth month, worship the moon... A moonlight position is set up at home, in the direction where the moon comes out, and offerings are made to the moon. When worshiping, the moonlight paper is burned."
Northern Song Dynasty: Reunion ***Chanjuan In the Song Dynasty, the concept of "Mid-Autumn Festival" had been formed and deeply rooted in the people. The term "Mid-Autumn Festival" first appeared in "Mengliang Lu" written by Wu Zimu in the Southern Song Dynasty. This book records the festival customs in the Southern Song Dynasty. The "Mid-Autumn Festival" in Volume 4 says, "August 15th" It is the Mid-Autumn Festival, so it is called the Mid-Autumn Festival. The "Preface" of the book was written by Wu Zimu on the "Mid-Autumn Festival".
In addition to inheriting the custom of women worshiping the moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival in the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty also had a more chic activity of "playing with the moon". The "Mid-Autumn Festival" article in "Tokyo Menghua Lu" by Meng Yuanlao of the Northern Song Dynasty said, "On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, noble families decorate their terraces and pavilions, and people compete in restaurants to enjoy the moonlight." At that time, the royal family would also hold a "Mid-Autumn Festival Party". Nearby residents could hear the sound of music coming from the harem in the middle of the night. This was the so-called "roiling silk bamboos and cauldrons." Residents near the inner courtyard could hear the sound of sheng and yu in the distance late at night, as if they were outside the clouds. ". Of course, people would not go to bed early, and even children would not sleep: "Children in the village played all night long. In the night market, people were familiar with it."
During the Southern Song Dynasty, "Wanying in the Moon" was even more lively. Almost crazy. Wu Zimu once described the Mid-Autumn Festival night in Lin'an in detail: "At this time, the golden wind is refreshing, the jade dew is cool, the fragrant osmanthus is floating, the silver toad is full of light, the princes, grandsons and wealthy families all climb the dangerous towers to play with the moon in the pavilion, or A large pavilion is opened, a banquet is arranged, the harps are played, wine is drunk and songs are played, so as to predict the joy of the evening. They also go to the small platform to arrange family banquets and gather children to celebrate the festival, even if they are poor in the back streets. The people who wandered around undressed and drank wine, reluctant to spend the night selling and buying in the streets, and people played in the moonlight and danced in the market until the evening."
Song Dynasty. This fashion of "playing with the moon" is also what everyone calls "appreciating the moon". But in fact, the term "playing with the moon" already appeared in the Tang Dynasty. Tang Luzhao's "History of Tang Dynasty" mentioned that Tang Xuanzong Li Longji "played with the moon". At that time, a Taoist named Luo Gongyuan was summoned to Beijing, and on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival "Serving Emperor Ming to play with the moon in the palace."
The greatest contribution of the Song Dynasty to the Mid-Autumn Festival was to give the Mid-Autumn Festival the connotation of "reunion". Later, the Mid-Autumn Festival was regarded as the "Reunion Festival", and its origin should be in the Northern Song Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty writer Su Dongpo vividly explained the Northern Song Dynasty people's understanding of the Mid-Autumn Festival in "Shui Diao Ge Tou": "When will the bright moon come? Ask the sky for wine. I wonder what year it is today in the palace in the sky?"
On the moonlit night of the Mid-Autumn Festival, Su Zhizi, who was not sleepy, drank wine to relieve his longing for his distant brother Su Che: "People have joys and sorrows, separation and separation, and the moon waxes and wanes. This has never happened in ancient times. I hope that people will live long and live thousands of miles." "*Chanjuan." From then on, "I wish you a long life and travel thousands of miles to Chanjuan" has become the most beautiful vision of every Chinese family during the Mid-Autumn Festival.
Ming Dynasty: Mooncakes represent my heart. How did the custom of sending mooncakes in autumn come into being? It is said to be due to the "moon walking" activity. The so-called "moon walking" means taking advantage of the full moon of the Mid-Autumn Festival to visit relatives and friends and give gifts of cakes, fresh fruits and other foods.
As early as the late Yuan Dynasty, or even earlier, the "moon walking" activity had already appeared.
In Chinese folk, there is also a legend of "killing the Tatars on August 15th": it is said that during the uprising of Zhu Yuanzhang at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, they made an appointment to "kill the Tatars (Mongolians)" and overthrow the Yuan regime. However, in the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongols had extremely strict control over civil gatherings. Zhu Yuanzhang took advantage of the custom of "walking around the moon" on August 15th to send mooncakes, wrapping a note announcing the time of the uprising in a mooncake and sending it out, thus completing the general mobilization of the uprising, " Therefore, the custom of "giving mooncakes" became widely popular in the Ming Dynasty. However, some people believe that sending moon cakes to "kill the Tatars" was the idea of ??Wu King Zhang Shicheng.
In the Qing Dynasty, "sending mooncakes" during the Mid-Autumn Festival became more popular and affected modern people's holiday consumption behavior.
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