When correctly handling the contradiction of what to look for, we must first correctly handle the contradiction between ore and non-ore. Any kind of mineral is useful because its useful elements or physical properties meet certain requirements of technical and economic conditions at that time. Those that meet this standard are called mines, and those that do not meet this standard are called off-balance-sheet mines or non-mines. Therefore, ore is a three-dimensional dynamic concept of geology, technology and economy, and it is the general name of all ores, ore bodies and deposits that can be used under the current technical and economic conditions.
Mineralization and non-mineralization are a pair of important categories of prospecting philosophy. The relationship between minerals and non-minerals is dialectical and unity of opposites. The reason why minerals and non-minerals are opposed is that there is a qualitative difference between them, one is mineral and the other is not; Secondly, from the use value of the two, minerals can be developed and utilized, and non-minerals cannot be developed and utilized. Minerals and non-minerals are unified, and their unity is that minerals and non-minerals are interrelated and interdependent in a deposit. Where there are mines, there are non-mines; Where non-minerals exist, they may also contain minerals. The dialectical relationship between ore and non-ore is also manifested in the relationship that can be transformed into each other. The difference between minerals and non-minerals is the difference in quantity. For example, copper mine, the current industrial grade of copper ore is 0.5%, that is, when the copper content reaches 0.5%, it can be called mine and can be mined. When the copper content is less than 0.5%, it can't be called mine, can't be exploited and used, and has no industrial value. It can be seen that different copper contents can show qualitative differences. The copper content of ore increased from 0. 1% to 0.5%, from quantitative change to qualitative change, and non-mineral became mineral. On the one hand, the boundary between ore and non-ore is influenced by mining technical conditions. For example, some mineral deposits have reached the standard of "mine" in terms of the quality and quantity of ore itself, but they cannot be mined due to hydrogeological and engineering geological conditions, traffic conditions and other reasons, so they cannot be called real mineable mines. On the other hand, the boundary between mine and non-mine changes with the progress of science and technology, which makes non-mine become mine. A typical example of changing non-mineral into ore is that low-grade gold containing Jin Yanshi can be extracted by heap leaching, and the recovery rate is over 90%, which makes the originally non-mineral ore containing Jin Yanshi become gold ore.
Because minerals and non-minerals are interdependent and mutually transformed, attention should be paid to distinguishing the qualitative differences between minerals and non-minerals in mineral exploration; Second, we should pay attention to minerals and non-minerals. I have you and you have me; Third, we should pay attention to the transformation conditions between minerals and non-minerals, and promote the transformation from non-minerals to minerals when conditions are available.
Second, correctly handle the contradiction between finding large mines and finding small mines.
Large ore and small ore are a pair of philosophical categories of prospecting. The relationship between them is dialectical, unity of opposites and can be transformed. Large mines and small mines often appear together. It is also possible to find large mines when looking for small mines. Some deposits are small at first, but through mineral exploration, they may become large mines. However, there is also the opposite situation. Some mines that look like large mines have been proved to be small and medium-sized by work.
The glorious mission of geologists is to provide mineral resources and geological data for national economic construction and social development. The bigger the mine found, the greater the contribution to the country. Therefore, as the vanguard of socialist construction, it shoulders the heavy responsibility of finding mines, and of course hopes to find more large mines for the country. This kind of emotion should be affirmed and encouraged. It is completely understandable to hope that the geological and mineral departments can find more big mines.
But how big is the deposit? Is it a big mine, a medium mine or a small mine? There are also large mines in other areas. Are there any large mines around here? All this is determined by objective geological conditions, and it is independent of human will. It is a big mine that won't get smaller, let alone run away. As long as the thinking method is correct, the technical method is appropriate, and the working level is up to home, we can find it, know it, find it, develop it, and make it serve the national economic construction. On the other hand, if it is originally a small mine, even if it takes more effort and time, it is impossible to become a large mine.
Geologists will pay attention to finding large mines everywhere, especially in remote areas. First of all, because large mines are of great significance to economic development. According to relevant data, the output of the global 1.232 non-coal solid mineral mines (the output exceeds 1.5 million tons) accounts for 90% of the total output of similar mineral mines in the world. It is also reported that there are 45 super-giant deposits and 80 giant deposits on the global land, which have a considerable part of the world's mineral sources. According to the research and explanation of Canadian scholar P Razmika, a giant deposit refers to the abnormal accumulation of metal geochemistry with a certain tonnage enrichment index (economic tonnage of the deposit/average content of metal in the crust ppm). Those with a tonnage enrichment index greater than 10 1 1 are giant deposits, and those with a tonnage enrichment index greater than10/2 are super-giant deposits. At the same time, large-scale mines often play a decisive role in the economic and social development of a region or a country and in changing the resource pattern of a region or even a country. For example, due to the successful discovery and exploration of the large iron mine in Baiyun Obo, a new steel city, Baotou City, was soon built on the grassland in Inner Mongolia. There are many such examples. It can be seen that the role played by large mines is obvious. Therefore, geologists all over the world regard the search for super-large and giant deposits as one of the important directions with strategic significance in the future prospecting work in the world. The problem is that while looking for large mines, we should attach great importance to the necessary mineral exploration work for small and medium-sized mines. On the one hand, not every large mine can be recognized by people at the initial stage of its exploration work, but it is often through repeated work, even after several times, that the whole picture is gradually exposed. If we only want to look for big mines in our minds and don't pay attention to small mines, it is very likely that we will delay the discovery of some big mines and even miss some big mines.
So we should pay attention to small mines, and because small mines always account for the majority in the world. Although a small mine has few reserves, several small mines add up to equal or even exceed a large mine.
There is another reason why small mines need to be paid attention to, that is, small mines consume less exploration costs and infrastructure investment, and the construction period is short and quick. This is why some small and medium-sized mines have been developed and utilized in time in the same area and with the same minerals, while some large mines have not been developed and utilized due to the restrictions of construction conditions such as investment. At present, the national finance is still very difficult. At the same time, we are determined to concentrate some funds and focus on building a number of large and medium-sized key projects. At the same time, exploring and developing some small and medium-sized mineral deposits according to law and implementing the policy of "walking on two legs" are conducive to accelerating the development of economic construction and improving social and economic benefits. In addition, starting from China's national conditions, there are many rural laborers. Developing some small mines will promote the enthusiasm of all parties, increase employment, increase social wealth, improve industrial layout, promote rural prosperity, narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, and develop a stable and United political situation. Of course, measures must be taken to change the present situation of wasting resources in small mines around the country. For small-scale mining, it is necessary to strengthen management and technical guidance, so as to achieve unified planning, run mines according to law, scientific mining and safe production. Pay attention to protecting resources and don't waste precious national resources.
Third, correctly handle the contradiction between finding rich ore and finding poor ore.
Rich ore and poor ore are also a pair of categories of prospecting philosophy. The relationship between rich ore and poor ore is also the relationship of unity of opposites. Because of the great difference in use value and economic benefit, rich ore and poor ore are opposite. However, they are interdependent and often coexist in a unified deposit. In other words, rich minerals often contain poor minerals, and poor minerals may also contain rich minerals, which is the unity of the two.
In addition, because the boundary between rich ore and poor ore is determined by human factors, with the progress of science and technology, this boundary can be moved, that is, relatively poor ore can be transformed into rich ore.
Also, due to the differences in resource conditions and economic and technological conditions in different regions, it is called rich mine in this region and not rich mine in another region. For example, iron ore containing 50% iron can be called rich ore in China, but it is not called rich ore in Australia, Brazil and India at present.
To determine the prospecting policy from reality, we should correctly handle the relationship between rich ore and poor ore. While giving priority to finding rich ore, we should also pay attention to finding lean ore with easy mining, easy dressing, convenient transportation and large scale.
4. Correctly handle the relationship between finding exposed ore and finding concealed ore.
There are two spatial distributions of mineral resources available for development and utilization in the crust. One is that they are directly exposed to the surface, or partially exposed to the surface, or there are obvious direct prospecting signs on the surface, which are called open ore or outcrop ore; One is buried deep below the surface, the surface can not be observed by naked eyes, and there is no obvious direct prospecting sign, which is called concealed ore. Open ore and concealed ore are a pair of important categories in prospecting philosophy. At the initial stage of geological work in a country or region, if outcrop mines are initially formed, of course, outcrop mines should be first searched and explored for development and utilization. Therefore, some money may be saved economically and the exploration and development cycle may be shorter. But do all exposed mines have industrial development value? Are they all urgently needed for construction? This requires specific analysis and cannot be generalized. In addition, when mineral exploration reaches a high level, there will be fewer open-pit mines, fewer mines that are easy to find and identify, and the country's demand for resources will not only be many, but also may increase. In this case, mineral prospectors have to turn a considerable part of their attention to concealed mines buried deep underground. According to statistics, concealed mines account for more than half of the large mines discovered before 1965 in China. It is for this reason that the Party Group of the former Ministry of Geology and Minerals put forward in 1982 to carry out the second round of oil and gas survey with the content of "four innovations" (new fields, new types, new fields and new depths), and put forward the second round of solid mineral survey with the main goal of finding concealed and semi-concealed mines in 1985 Taiyuan general survey work conference. In recent years, due to the implementation of the above-mentioned census policy, great progress has been made in finding concealed minerals, whether oil and gas or solid minerals.
Considering the uneven progress of mineral exploration in different regions and the differences of geological conditions in different regions, in the second round of general survey, the prospecting policy should be determined from the actual situation of mineral exploration degree in various regions, and the relationship between finding concealed mines and finding open-pit mines should be correctly handled. For example, in the west of China, the degree of geological work is low, and the probability of discovering bare ore is relatively high. Therefore, attention should be paid to both, especially to open-pit mines and semi-concealed mines with obvious prospecting signs on the surface. For example, there are a series of obvious "iron hat" belts on the surface of Ashele copper mine in Altay, Xinjiang. Based on this clue, a large copper mine was discovered in this area through in-depth work. Another example is Shenfu Coalfield, one of the largest coalfields in the world, which was discovered in the border area between Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia. Some of the coal in this coalfield is exposed on the surface, and some are buried very shallowly, which is not only large in scale, but also of good quality.
In the eastern part of China, the degree of geological work is really high, and the probability of finding open pit mines is much smaller than that in the western part. Generally speaking, prospecting should be based on concealed ore. But as far as an eastern province is concerned, it also has an area of 65438+ 10,000 ~ 200,000 square kilometers, which is also a big place. The degree of work in different provinces (regions) and different regions is definitely different, so in areas with relatively poor geological work, it is still necessary to pay attention to finding mines that are difficult to identify on the surface and semi-concealed mines with shallow burial. Geologists in many provinces (regions) have done this and achieved good results. For example, Paishanlou Gold Mine in Fuxin, Liaoning Province, Guilaizhuang Gold Mine in Pingyi, Shandong Province, and Laowan Gold Mine in Tongbai, Henan Province are all newly discovered concealed and semi-concealed mines.
Five, correctly handle the contradiction between finding superior and inferior mines.
Finding dominant ore and finding inferior ore are also a pair of categories of prospecting philosophy. Complementing each other's advantages and giving full play to their respective advantages is one of the principles of our socialist construction. For mineral exploration, it is necessary to deploy the general survey and prospecting work from the known resource characteristics of each region, give full play to its advantages in mineral resources, and get good prospecting results. It should be noted that while engaging in the general survey of dominant minerals with certain intensity, we should also look for inferior minerals with appropriate intensity and combine advantages with comprehensive prospecting. There are several reasons for this:
1. It is now recognized that resource advantages do not necessarily reflect the whole picture of advantageous resources.
Because it often takes a long time to understand the whole picture of a region's resource advantages, only when we have a more comprehensive and clear understanding of the resources in this region can we truly clarify the resource advantages in this region.
The advantages are comparative, but generally speaking.
A mineral, even the real advantage of the region, is not always unlimited. Because the degree of "development" of superior resources should be determined according to the needs of national economic construction and the development trend of supply and demand in the international mineral products market, the potential resource advantages can be transformed into realistic economic advantages. Therefore, it is necessary to consider and determine the prospecting guidelines for some relatively dominant minerals, general minerals and some rare minerals according to needs and possibilities.
3. It is necessary to proceed from the reality of all localities and handle the relationship between finding excellent ore and finding poor ore.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, in order to implement the "eight-character policy" of adjusting the national economy, from the reality of Jiangxi Province, the exploration of some minerals with unsatisfactory metallogenic geological conditions was reduced, and the exploration of superior minerals such as tungsten and copper was strengthened, which achieved remarkable results, especially a series of new breakthroughs in tungsten prospecting. However, in the process of adjustment, some new problems have emerged, that is, as soon as we give full play to our advantages, all relevant geological teams are trying to find more powerful tungsten mines. However, judging from the ratio of domestic and international demand and investment intensity among minerals, 1979 and 1980, there were too many forces engaged in tungsten exploration in Jiangxi, which crowded out other minerals and affected the comprehensive prospecting. In view of this situation, 198 1 year made some new adjustments. For the obviously smaller tungsten ore, only the preliminary exploration has been completed, and no more work has been done; For medium-sized and above tungsten mines, choose the best one for evaluation. In this way, the proportion of tungsten ore in the whole project is reduced, thus freeing up some technical strength and investment to strengthen the prospecting of tin ore, precious metals and nonmetals. Because of this, tin, gold, silver, nonmetal and other minerals have made gratifying geological achievements.
Six, correctly handle the relationship between single ore and multi-ore.
Unit ore prospecting and multi-element ore prospecting are a pair of categories in prospecting philosophy. The unit ore here refers to a single ore; Multi-element ore refers to comprehensive ore and symbiotic ore. Decades of exploration practice shows that an important feature of China's mineral resources is that multi-element minerals, namely coexisting minerals and comprehensive minerals, occupy a considerable proportion. There are more than 1/4 comprehensive minerals in China's iron ore reserves, 1/5 gold minerals and 3/4 silver minerals are associated minerals, 4/5 non-ferrous minerals are associated with major minerals, and many minerals coexist in most coalfields and salt lakes in China. Therefore, there is a problem in prospecting, how to correctly handle the relationship between prospecting unit ore and multi-element ore in mineral exploration.
When dealing with the relationship between unit prospecting and multi-element prospecting, a basic principle is to implement the policy of "focusing on one mine and comprehensive prospecting" There are several situations here:
1. Relevant factors should be comprehensively evaluated.
In nonferrous metal mines, there are often many kinds of beneficial elements associated with some major minerals. For example, many lead-zinc mines contain elements such as silver, indium and germanium, copper mines contain gold, molybdenum, rhenium and sulfur, and tungsten mines contain tin, bismuth, molybdenum and rare dispersed elements. Therefore, while exploring the main mineral resources, we should carry out the geological work of the associated beneficial elements and evaluate whether it can be recovered, so as to consider it in the design of mines and concentrator. According to relevant data, even according to the existing production technology level, the value of associated components in some large mines has accounted for 35% ~ 40% of the total value. For example, the associated components of the Dabaoshan polymetallic mine in Guangdong are all recovered, and its output value can reach more than 654.38+0 billion yuan; The associated gold deposits in Dexing copper mine are equivalent to the reserves of several large gold deposits; Jinchuan nickel mine in China is the second largest mine in the world, which is also a famous comprehensive mine, and copper mine is also a big mine. In addition, there are more than ten species of beneficial elements associated with cobalt, and comprehensive utilization is also good at present. According to foreign data, the investment recovery rate of extracting associated products from nonferrous metal ores is 1 ~ 2 times faster than that of newly-built enterprises with this mineral as the main product. The United States has recovered more than 10 by-products from copper ores.
2. Symbiotic ore should be comprehensively explored.
Many coalfields, salt lakes and metal deposits in China often have a variety of minerals coexisting. For example, there are pyrite, bauxite, refractory clay, kaolin, attapulgite and so on. Some bentonite, diatomaceous earth, barite and some associated elements such as vanadium, uranium and cobalt. In some salt lakes in Qinghai, minerals such as potassium salt, sodium salt and mirabilite coexist. In metal mines, such as Bayanobo mine in Inner Mongolia, iron ore, rare earth and uranium coexist. Therefore, in mineral exploration, we should pay attention to comprehensive prospecting and comprehensive evaluation to create conditions for comprehensive development and utilization. This can greatly improve the economic benefits of mineral exploration, and make full use of resources to avoid waste. Don't just look for one kind of ore, just look for one kind and ignore the others.
3. Pay attention to other minerals in prospecting.
When looking for a mine in an area, due to the degree of research, we often encounter another important mine that was not scheduled to be found in the prospecting design. For example, looking for oil meets potassium salt, looking for coal meets potassium salt and so on. The huge potash deposit in eastern Siberia of the former Soviet Union was discovered while searching for oil and natural gas. Potash mines in France were discovered while searching for coal mines. Therefore, comprehensive prospecting should be emphasized in the future.
Seven, correctly handle the contradiction between need and possibility.
Necessity and possibility are a pair of important categories in prospecting philosophy. The relationship between need and possibility is a dialectical relationship of unity of opposites. In practical work, we should not only see the contradictory side of the two, but also see the possibility of their combination.
Since the founding of New China, geological work has advanced in the tortuous development process, made great achievements, made important contributions to the cause of socialist construction, and accumulated rich experiences and lessons. One of the most important experiences is how to correctly handle the relationship between need and possibility. We should not only determine the geological prospecting policy from the reality of objective geological conditions, but also actively explore the mineral resources urgently needed by the country, so as to combine need and possibility well. Historical experience shows that if this relationship is properly handled, geological work will be carried out smoothly and the prospecting effect will be good; On the contrary, it will be punished by objective laws, with half the effort or in vain.
The Marxist ideological line of seeking truth from facts is the guiding principle of prospecting and exploration. For the department of geology and mineral resources, it is important to carry out this route, that is, from the actual situation of geology and mineral resources in various regions, according to the possibility of objective conditions in various regions, to find minerals needed for national economic construction and correctly choose the main direction of mineral exploration.
In capitalist countries, what mines a region looks for is determined according to the principle of maximizing profits. In other words, enterprises can make more money only by finding and mining mines. What minerals should a region focus on in order to build a socialist country with China characteristics? Of course, first of all, we should consider the needs of national economic construction and the possibility of geological conditions in this region, so as to unify the macroeconomic benefits of the national economy with the microeconomic benefits of enterprises. Here, we should prevent two kinds of bias: one is subjectivism and voluntarism, ignoring the possibility of objective geological conditions, simply emphasizing needs, engaging in blind command, and engaging in a one-size-fits-all approach; The other is to ignore the needs of national economic construction, or not to consider whether national economic construction is needed or not, and inappropriately emphasize "what to look for". Both views are one-sided and incorrect.
Are there mines in an area? What mines are there? How many mines are there? How about the quality? Are determined by objective geological conditions, not by people's subjective will. The minerals existing on the earth are not necessarily complete in every country; Minerals owned by a country may not be available in different parts of the country. This imbalance in the distribution of mineral resources is the result of objective geological laws and is absolute. This is true all over the world, China and every province. Therefore, when a region determines which minerals should be the targets of general survey and exploration, it should not only consider the needs of construction, but also consider whether the objective conditions in the region are possible. According to local conditions, combined with the actual situation in the region, we should first find minerals with favorable metallogenic geological conditions for construction needs, give full play to the resource specialties of various regions, and make contributions to the realization of resource matching and the establishment of a complete national economic system throughout the country. At the same time, we should also establish the view of economic globalization, so that the favorable mineral resources in this region can play their due role in the world economy. Various aspects of modern society put forward many requirements for geological work. We must learn from historical experience and lessons when planning and planning future geological work. We should not only cheer up, work hard, try our best to meet and build needs, but also respect objective laws, consider the possibility of geological conditions and financial conditions, arrange all work realistically, and combine needs and possibilities well.
Determining the prospecting policy from reality does not completely mean looking for what is known. There are two reasons:
First, among the known minerals in a certain area, there may be some minerals that are needed by national and local economic construction; Some of them are not necessarily in urgent need, or are temporarily unnecessary because of oversupply, such as tungsten in Nanling area and molybdenum in Henan at present. If we simply "look for what we have" regardless of the construction needs or not, regardless of the supply and demand situation in the international market, then some mines we are looking for will not be in a hurry to build, which will cause a backlog of funds, thus adversely affecting the social and economic benefits of geological work. So there is also a question of respecting objective economic laws.
Secondly, because minerals are usually buried deep underground, people often need a long and sometimes tortuous process to understand their whole picture. Therefore, although the level of geological work in China, especially in the eastern region, is very high, people have a certain understanding of the formation and distribution of minerals, and great achievements have been made in geological prospecting, it is far from saying that our understanding of objective geological and mineral conditions has reached its peak, let alone that all minerals have been identified. In fact, the minerals discovered in various provinces and regions can not fully represent the whole picture of mineral resources in the region, regardless of the type or quantity. There are still many new fields (new minerals, new ore-bearing strata, new deposit types, new ore-bearing areas or new depths of old mining areas, and areas with relatively low working level) that are unknown to us and have not been recognized by us. By further deepening the geological prospecting work, we can not only expand the prospect of known minerals, but also find some new minerals that are urgently needed for construction. Therefore, in the future practical work, we should not only follow the known objective geological laws and determine the prospecting policy from reality, but also actively explore and find those minerals that have not made a major breakthrough but are urgently needed by the country in areas with certain prospecting geological conditions according to the strong exploratory characteristics of mineral exploration. Only in this way can our mineral exploration work make continuous progress in exploration, deepen our understanding of the whole picture of mineral resources in a region and even the whole country, and thus make more contributions to the national economic construction.
Eight, correctly handle the key and general contradictions.
Emphasis and generality are a pair of important categories in prospecting philosophy. The relationship between emphasis and generality is the dialectical relationship of the thought of unity of opposites. To determine the prospecting policy from reality, we must correctly handle the relationship between key minerals and general minerals.
Without focus, there is no policy. The prospecting work is the same, and it should also have its own focus. At present, there are more than 100 minerals in China's geological work. Although these minerals have their own uses in national economic construction, their roles in economic and social development are different. Some resources promote the construction of some places; Some resources, such as energy resources, have great constraints on the overall construction. This is considered from the position of different resources in the construction. On the other hand, because there is a lot of work to be done, and our financial resources, material resources and time are limited, whether to cover all aspects and use our strength equally, or to distinguish between priorities, which need to be strengthened and which can be delayed, these are two completely different working principles. Obviously, we should adopt the latter method, that is, find out the most important and urgently needed minerals from 100, and make effective arrangement and strengthening.
Looking back on historical experience and lessons, we should pay attention to four points when dealing with the relationship between key minerals and general minerals: first, choose the key points correctly; Second, don't focus too much; Third, the focus and the general can be transformed into each other; Fourth, focus on key points and give consideration to general minerals.
The selection of key minerals, of course, should consider the degree of national economic construction and its impact on the overall construction, but also consider the possibility of geological conditions. According to the unity of the two, the key minerals are selected and determined, which can be both dominant minerals such as coal and non-ferrous minerals such as oil, natural gas and copper. If the key choice is right, the effect will be good; If you choose the wrong key point, the effect will be poor or futile. The historical experience of these two aspects is very profound.
1979 When the outline of three-year adjustment of geological work was drawn up, in view of the shortage of energy resources and the serious shortage of oil reserve bases in the past two years, after scientifically analyzing the geological conditions of oil exploration on land and sea areas in China, it was initially proposed that energy geological work should be placed in an important position, the oil exploration power should be strengthened, the investment policy should be tilted, and the pace of oil exploration should be accelerated. After three years' efforts, the oil exploration in the Pearl River Mouth Basin has made a major breakthrough and obtained the first industrial oil flow. Sichuan and other oil and gas have also made many important progress. When 1983 made significant progress in oil and gas survey in the East China Sea and 1984 made a major breakthrough in Shashan No.2 well in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources immediately determined that the petroleum geological exploration work should focus on northern Tarim and the East China Sea, adopted an inclined policy in investment and construction, mobilized forces, and accelerated the exploration speed, which led to such a gratifying situation today and added two new replacement bases for the petroleum industry. During the Seventh Five-Year Plan period, the investment in geological exploration in Tarim and East China Sea was 4 1.5% of the total investment in petroleum and marine systems, and there were 16 discovered wells, accounting for 48% of the total number of discovered wells (33), and the completed reserves accounted for 60% of the total system. This shows that the work in key areas has achieved good results. In order to enhance the development potential of oil and gas areas, while ensuring the key points, we have achieved good results. For example, Songnan has made a breakthrough; After the breakthrough in natural gas exploration in Jilin area, it was also identified as the key area to strengthen the work. A series of successful examples show that the key choice of energy is correct, which not only meets the urgent needs of national construction, but also conforms to China's objective geological conditions.
In a certain period of time, we should focus on developing minerals that are urgently needed by some countries and have certain geological conditions, and put them into work with greater efforts. But don't focus too much. Too many, a lot of manpower, financial resources and material resources are scattered, and the key points cannot be guaranteed, and the key points are not important. It should be noted that while ensuring the key points, we must properly consider the overall arrangement of general minerals to achieve comprehensive prospecting and comprehensive evaluation. This can not only meet the needs of the country's recent economic construction, but also prepare a variety of mineral resources for the sustained and rapid development of the country's economic construction. In addition, with the development of construction and the change of market supply and demand, key minerals can be transformed into general minerals, and general minerals may also be transformed into urgently needed or key minerals in the country. In other words, it often takes a process for people to understand the geological conditions and prospecting prospects of various minerals. Some minerals with good prospecting prospects and badly needed by the country have been recognized by people from the beginning. But there are also some minerals with good metallogenic conditions, which are urgently needed by the country. Before their prospects were recognized, geological work was often done as general minerals in the early days. For example, the understanding of Jiangxi copper mine has gone through such a process. In the 1950s, especially in the early days of the People's Republic of China, we knew more about tungsten mines in Jiangxi and less about copper mines. Because before liberation, there was not much geological work on Jiangxi copper mines and the geological data about copper mines were scattered, the understanding of the geological conditions for the formation of copper mines was even more unclear. However, at that time, due to the need of national economic construction for copper resources, geologists paid due attention to copper while focusing on finding tungsten deposits. As a result, a large copper mine was discovered in Dehunt. The discovery and successful exploration of Dexing copper mine show that Jiangxi has the metallogenic geological conditions to form a large copper deposit, which has promoted the leap of geologists' understanding, and copper mine has also been listed as one of the key points of prospecting practice in the future. Through the work in 1960s, geologists discovered and successfully explored many large-scale copper mines. After entering the 1970s, the demand for copper resources for national economic construction increased greatly, and copper mines were further transformed into the first key mineral in Jiangxi. In the following 10 years, the prospect of five copper mines was expanded by 5 million tons, which was equivalent to the discovery of 10 large copper mines. The geological work of Jiangxi copper mines would not have achieved such good results today if the tungsten-based general survey and exploration in the 1950s did not take into account copper prospecting.