The ancient twelve o'clock
Midnight at midnight, also known as midnight and midnight: the first hour of the twelve o'clock. (23:00 to 01:00 Beijing time).
The cock crows at Chou hour, also known as the wild chicken: the second hour of the twelve o'clock. (01:00 to 03:00 Beijing time).
Yin Shi Ping Dan, also known as dawn, morning, Ri Dan, etc.: Shi is the transition between night and day. (03:00 to 05:00 Beijing time).
Sunrise at Mao hour, also known as sunrise, dawn, rising sun, etc.: refers to the period when the sun just shows its face and rises. (05:00 to 07:00 Beijing time).
Chen Shi Eating Time, also known as Morning Eating, etc.: The time when the ancients "Chen Shi" was eating breakfast (07:00 to 09:00 Beijing time).
Sishi Yuzhong, also known as Riyu, etc.: It is called Yuzhong when it is close to noon. (09:00 to 11:00 Beijing time).
Noon hour, sun noon, also known as sunrise, noon, etc.: (11:00 to 13:00 Beijing time).
The sun is at the end of time, also known as the sun is falling, the sun is rising, etc.: when the sun is westward, it is the sun is falling. (13:00 to 15:00 Beijing time).
Shenshi feeding time, also known as Ripu, evening eclipse, etc.: (15:00 to 17:00 Beijing time).
The sun sets at Youshi, also known as sunset, sunset, and evening: it means when the sun sets. (Beijing time from 17:00 to 19:00).
Twilight at Xu Shi, also known as Rixi, Ritwilight, Riwan, etc.: At this time, the sun has set and it will be dark. The sky and the earth are dim and everything is hazy, so it is called dusk. (19:00 to 21:00 Beijing time).
Hai Shi Rending, also known as Dinghui, etc.: At this time, the night is deep, and people have stopped activities and rested for sleep. A person's concentration is also a person's tranquility. (21:00 to 23:00 Beijing time).
Modern is the unit used by ancient people to measure time at night. One night is divided into five shifts, and each shift is approximately equal to one hour.
Day and Night Hours
The earth rotates once to form a day and night, which is called a "solar day". This is how day and night are formed. The ground facing the sun is day
and the ground facing away from the sun is night. After the vernal equinox, more and more sunlight shines on the northern hemisphere, so the nights in the northern hemisphere are shorter and the days are longer, while the opposite is true in the southern hemisphere
; after the autumnal equinox, more and more sunlight shines on the southern hemisphere, so the days are shorter and longer in the northern hemisphere, and the opposite is true in the southern hemisphere.
How to divide day and night
Chinese tradition uses twelve hours to calculate day and night, with Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Shen, You and Xu< /p>
, the twelve earthly branches of Hai are represented, and each hour is divided into eight quarters, which are further divided into four upper quarters and four lower quarters. In this way, each hour is equivalent to two modern hours, such as Si hour, which is equivalent to 9 to 11 o'clock. At that time, time was measured by measuring the shadow of the sun during the day and dripping water from a clepsydra (timing tool) at night. But this is not the earliest method of measuring time. Before that, the common names in the following table reflected the situation. The common name in the watch refers to a popular name for twelve o'clock in ancient times. This common name is the ancient Chinese people who used some natural and biological features to tell time. "Cock's crow" and "people's determination" are based on the characteristics of cock crow in the middle of the night and people going to sleep at night. "Eating time" and "afternoon time" use the time of eating to express time. The ancients had two meals a day. Breakfast was after sunrise and before sunrise, so this period was called "eating time"; dinner was after sunrise (the sun is westward) and before sunrise. >
In the past, this period of time is called "afternoon time". The other eight periods are named after the sun's position.
Due to different seasons, the specific time difference is as much as two times. hours, so it was later replaced by the twelve earthly branch clocks.
In addition, ancient China also had a timekeeping method that divided the night into five clocks: equivalent to the modern one. p>
The first update is from 7 pm to 9 pm, the second update is from 9 pm to 11 pm, the third update is from 11 pm to 1 am, and the fourth update is from 1 am to 3 am
, from 3 a.m. to 5 a.m., is the fifth watch.
In European and American countries, the day and night are divided into 24 hours, and each hour is divided into four quarters, which can be divided into 60 minutes and each minute is 60 seconds. p>
Calculation Since the timer or clock only has 12 hours, which only combines half of day and night, it is distinguished by morning and afternoon, and the time of night
12 o'clock (24 o'clock in the afternoon) is 0. At night (morning), 1 o'clock is 1 o'clock, 12 o'clock at noon is 12 o'clock, 1 o'clock in the afternoon is 13 o'clock, 6 o'clock in the afternoon is 18 o'clock, and 11 o'clock in the afternoon is 23 o'clock. p>
There are two different algorithms for the starting and ending time of day and night. The 24 hours in Europe and America start from 0 o'clock, that is, from 12 o'clock at night.
Before 12 o'clock at night, it is the previous day. , the next day is after 12 o'clock at night. The twelve hours in China are headed by Zi hour, starting from 11 o'clock at night to 1 o'clock at night is Zi hour, and before 11 o'clock at night is the previous day, and night is After 11 o'clock it will be the next day.
In ancient times, Zi Shi Chou Shi Yin Shi Mao Shi Si Shi
Commonly known as the midnight cockcrow and Pingdan sunrise eclipse time
Today’s time is 23 - 1:01 - 3:03 - 5:50 - 7:07 - 9:09 - 11:00
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This time is 23:00:1:2:3:4:5:6:6:7:8:9:10
In ancient times, noon, no time, no time, Shen Shi, You Shi, Xu Shi, Hai Shi
Commonly known as the mid-day and mid-afternoon eclipses, the sun sets at dusk, and people are determined
Today’s time is 11 - 13:13 - 15:15 - 17:17 - 19:19 - 21:21 - 23:00< /p>
The early days of the ancient times did not be at the beginning of the beginning of the beginning of the case of the first time, the first time, the first time, the early sea, the early sea of ??the early sea
Today 17:18:19:20:21:22:00
hour
In ancient China, the day and night were divided into twelve segments, each segment was called an hour, which is the current two hours. . The hours are named after the earthly branches. They are counted from eleven o'clock at night. The first hour is Zi hour, which lasts from eleven o'clock to one o'clock in the middle of the night.
Hours
Zi Shi from twenty-three to one o'clock
Chou Shi from one to three o'clock
Yin Shi from three to five o'clock
p>
From five o'clock to seven o'clock in the Mao hour
From seven o'clock to nine o'clock in the Chen hour
From nine o'clock to eleven o'clock in the Si hour
To eleven o'clock at noon Thirteen o'clock
Thirteen o'clock to fifteen o'clock in the late hour
Fifteen o'clock to seventeen o'clock in the Shen hour
Seventeen o'clock to nineteen o'clock in the unitary hour< /p>
Xu Shi 19:00 to 21:00
Hai Shi 21:00 to 23:00
Used repeatedly, one cycle is 12. Often used in conjunction with Heavenly Stem, 60 times per cycle. Can be used to record year, month, day and hour. The so-called "birthday eight characters" refer to the stems and branches of the year, month, day and hour of birth, with eight characters, hence the name.
When counting years, each earthly branch corresponds to an animal sign, also called the zodiac.
When marking the month, each earthly branch corresponds to the twenty-four solar terms from a certain solar term (not the middle solar term) to the next solar term. The starting one-month period is determined by the intersection time, not the first to the end of a certain month in the lunar calendar. . Many almanacs indicate that a certain lunar month corresponds to a certain stem or branch, but these are approximate rather than congruent correspondences.
In chronological time, each earthly branch corresponds to a fixed period of time (hour). In ancient China, a day and night were divided into twelve segments, and each segment was called an hour, which is the current two hours. Each hour has a fixed name of the earthly branches. Counting from eleven o'clock at night, the first hour is Zi hour, which lasts from eleven o'clock to one o'clock in the middle of the night. It must be noted that the sub-hours are divided into early sub-hours from 0:00 to 1 o'clock and late sub-hours from 23:00 to 24:00.
The zodiac signs corresponding to the earthly branches, the solar terms corresponding to the lunar calendar, the approximate lunar months, the approximate solar calendar months, the time of the chronology, the five elements, and the yin and yang are listed below.
The time period of the earthly branches and zodiac solar terms is similar to the lunar month and the time of the solar calendar month is similar to the five elements yin and yang
Zi Shu Daxue - Xiaohan, November 23, December 23 - 1:00 Shuiyang
< p>ChouNiu Xiaohan - Beginning of Spring, January 1 to 3 o'clock, Tu Yin
Yinhu Beginning of Spring - Jingzhe, February 3 to 5 o'clock, Wood Yang
p>
The Waking of the Rabbit - Wood Yin from 5 to 7 o'clock in March during Qingming Festival
Chenlong Qingming - From 7 to 9 o'clock in April during the Beginning of Summer
Sishe Beginning of Summer - Ear Grain in April, May 9:00-11:00 Fire Yin
Wuma Mangzhong - Xiaoshu, May June 11:00 - 13:00 Fire Yang
Weiyang Xiaoshu - Beginning of Autumn, June, July, 13:00-15:00, Earth Yin
Shenhou Beginning of Autumn - White Dew, July, August, 15:00-17:00, Jinyang
Youji White Dew - Cold Dew, August September 17:00 - 19:00 Gold Yin
Xugou Cold Dew - Beginning of Winter, September 19:00 - 21:00 Earth Yang
Haizhu Beginning of Winter - Heavy Snow October 21:00 —23 o'clock Shuiyin
Every year has a zodiac sign, and people born in that year "belong" to this zodiac sign. A person's birth year is a multiple of 12, because the zodiac sign of that year is the same as the person's zodiac sign.
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Combinations
There are six combinations of earthly branches, called "Liuhe", and four situations composed of three earthly branches, called "Liuhe". After the combination of the three earthly branches and the plenary square, they will also change into different five elements, so they will also produce different responses. In addition to the convergence of the Earthly Branches, the Earthly Branches also conflict with and square each other, so there will also be different responses.
Earthly Branches Liuhe: Zichou combines with Earth, Yinhai combines with Wood, Maoxu combines with Fire, Chen You combines with Metal, Sishen combines with Water, Wuwei is Yin and Yang Zhongzheng, combines with Earth
Three Earthly Branches Together: Shen Zichen synthesizes the water bureau, Siyouchou synthesizes the metal bureau, Yinwuxu synthesizes the fire bureau, Haimao does not synthesize the wood bureau
Three earthly branch meetings: Haizi Chouhui, Northern Water Bureau, Yinmaochenhui, Dongfang Mu Bureau, Siwuweihui The southern fire bureau Shen Youxu will meet the western gold bureau
Earthly branches conflict: Ziwu is in conflict, Chou is not in conflict, Yinshen is in conflict, Maoyou is in conflict, Chenxu is in conflict, Sihai is in conflict
Earthly branches are in conflict. : Zi and You are broken, Wu and Mao are broken, Sishen is broken, Yinhai is broken, Chen is broken, Chou is broken, and Xu is not broken. Harm Shen Hai harms each other, Youxu harms each other
The Earthly Branches punish each other:
Yin Xing Si Si Xing Shen Shen Xing Yin is an unkind punishment
Not punished The punishment of Chou Chou, Xuxu, is not a punishment for holding power
The punishment of Zi, Maomao, and Zi are rude punishments
The punishment of Chen, the punishment of Noon, the punishment of Noon, the punishment of You, and the punishment of Hai are Self-punishment
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Other uses
The earthly branches are mainly used for sorting.
Some ancient classics use earthly branches to divide chapters into chapters, such as "Kangxi Dictionary" and so on.
When Western mathematics was first introduced to China, Chinese mathematicians used the heavenly stems and earthly branches to represent letters. The twelve earthly branches represented the 12 letters k-v. The uppercase letters were represented by the Chinese characters representing lowercase letters plus the word "口" next to them.