? Elegy is a variant of ancient elegy. Elegy is an ancient song to mourn the dead. As a way to mourn the dead, elegiac couplet is a funeral custom of Han nationality, which is popular all over the country. At first, poems, words, songs and other rhymes were used to express condolences to the deceased, and then gradually formed couplets to express them. Literati in the past dynasties mostly wrote elegiac couplets in the form of five words or seven laws to express their grief. Legend has it that elegiac couplets were written in the Song Dynasty. According to Lu You's Notes on the Old Xuegong, Zhao (Ding Shi) was seriously ill when he was demoted. The book wrote: Take a dustpan to the sky and make the mountains and rivers strong.
? At present, elegiac couplet is still widely used in funeral activities, and has become a necessary thing in mourning.
1. The times and pertinence of elegiac couplet
The elegiac couplet is a special kind of couplet, which is specially used to mourn the dead. Therefore, writing elegiac couplets should not only be sincere, but also pay attention to the writing characteristics of elegiac couplets.
? (1) The era of elegiac couplet. The elegiac couplet is a carrier that reflects social life and expresses people's thoughts and feelings. With the changes of the times, the contents of the elegiac couplet will also change accordingly, such as: the silent string column in precious colors and the empty moon mirror in Yao and Tai. This is the elegiac couplet for husbands to mourn their wives in the old days, but it is a bit old-fashioned in modern times.
? (2) The pertinence of elegiac couplet. Being an elegiac couplet has a strong pertinence, which should conform to the status, identity, sentiment and performance of the deceased, and even the thoughts and feelings here and now should conform to things and occasions. The elegiac couplet cannot be interchanged and universal, which should be the writing soul of elegiac couplet.
? Such as holding Ding Ling:
Cut the willow spring breeze, and when the festival is poor, a song of mulberry will spread to Guangyu.
The dust is too beautiful to hurt the snowy night, and there are women in the mountains who shine for a hundred years.
? 2. The basic characteristics of elegiac couplet
? The elegiac couplet belongs to a special couplet in the couplet. Therefore, when writing elegiac couplets, we must master the essential and formal characteristics of couplets, which is the key to writing elegiac couplets well.
? The formal features of (1) couplets. Generally, the elegiac couplet consists of two sentences, the upper sentence is called the upper couplet and the lower sentence is called the lower couplet. No matter how long the elegiac couplet is (some are long, and the upper and lower couplets are composed of several crosses or even several crosses), no matter how short it is, it is always composed of the upper and lower couplets. The upper and lower couplets should be well matched and the order should not be reversed. The length of the elegiac couplet depends on the hanging place. The words that are too long are not eye-catching, and the words that are too short are not beautiful. They should be of moderate size and elegant.
? (2) The formal characteristics of duality. Duality is to arrange and combine sentences with the same number of words and the same or similar syntax in pairs. Strict elegiac couplet requires not only the same number of words, the same syntax, but also the same part of speech and very neat antithesis.
? Example: In the rain, bamboo leaves contain beads and tears, while in the snow, plum blossoms wear Su Guan. Rain is relative to snow, bamboo leaves are relative to plum blossoms, and tears are relative to crowns. Pearls are adjectives to elements; In the middle, locative words are relative.
? Now writing elegiac couplets can achieve the same number of words and the same or similar syntax. If it can be further realized, so much the better. If you can't do it, you don't have to. It is always bad to lose meaning because of words.
? (3) the formal characteristics of horizontal and parallel. Couplets require a level face, which is from the perspective of tone, rhythm and rhyme. Although there are only two couplets, which are different from the antithesis in the middle of metrical poems, they don't have to rhyme strictly, but they must be rhythmic and even. ? Rhythm is the basic element of music structure, which is formed by the priority of sound movement. The so-called sub-rhythm means that couplets, regardless of their length, should be read smoothly, have a musical beat and be able to sing. Even if you don't watch or listen, just watching will give you a sense of pleasure. On the other hand, it is not a couplet if the length is different and the rhythm is disordered.
? Mao Zedong took Cai Yuanpei away.
? Top experts in academia
? World | model
? Example: Guo Moruo took Lu Xun.
? Lifelong achievement | especially | Latin talk
? Excellent article |No. | Ah Q
? Leveling is a sentence that emphasizes the beat, and the words are leveled. In China, Chinese has four different tones. In ancient times, there were four tones: flat, rising, going and entering. There is no entering tone in modern Chinese, which can be divided into flat tone, rising tone, rising tone and falling tone. For other tones, flat voice can be divided into flat voice and flat voice. In ancient times, the tone was flat, and it was awkward to go up, go and enter; In modern times, Yin Ping and Yang Ping are flat tones, while rising and falling tones are voiced. The ancients attached great importance to ping in elegiac couplet, using ping and ping, and ping and ping staggered; The unique artistic style of elegiac couplet is formed by the fixed tone of characters and the fixed frame of law. At present, the words used in elegiac couplets are even, and the relative tones of the upper and lower couplets are absolutely opposite, and some are generally opposite. It's good to do the opposite without destroying the content, but it's ok to do the opposite if you can't. It is not only unnecessary but also difficult to adjust the level of couplets by making metrical poems.
? 3. The general rhetoric of elegiac couplet is a neat and beautiful couplet composed of square Chinese characters, which is a unique writing style with Chinese style. The general practical style does not require literariness, but elegiac couplet is different, and its literariness and practicality are combined into one. Throughout the ages, there have been many elegiac couplets with excellent ideological content and artistic expression. One of the reasons is that they attach great importance to the rhetorical devices of couplets.
? (1) Mosaic name. Is to embed the names of the deceased in couplets. There are many kinds of embedded names, which can be embedded at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence, and can also be embedded at the beginning and end of a sentence. ?
? Example 1: Wear cologne.
? The ancient road is gone, and the stegosaurus claws stay in the rivers and lakes.
? This is a crane lattice, putting the ancient dragon at the beginning of the sentence.
? Example 2: Ye Shengtao
Heaven and earth will last forever, and the spring will be recovered.
? This is a honeycomb lattice, with sacred objects and pottery embedded in sentences.
? (2) allusions. It is to use ancient stories, folk customs or warnings with sources in elegiac couplets. The use of allusions in elegiac couplets can make couplets concise, vivid and meaningful.
Example 1: Kang Youwei helped the victims of the Reform Movement of 1898;
? Yin Gan was tortured and Song Yue slaughtered in vain, which made me hate, and you are particularly excellent. When Mr. Zheng Xue was in primary school, I wanted to ask Wang Anzai?
? The partisan struggle in the Han Dynasty and the talk of the Jin Dynasty revived the ancient times without thinking, and it is fierce today, just like the son Xu, hanging his eyes and watching the coach fly in.
? This group used the technique of borrowing the ancient to satirize the present, killed Bigan and Yue Fei unjustly, and wrote that six gentlemen were killed by a bad king; Anger Cixi with the allusion of Fang Xiaoru demanding to be king; The brutality and corruption of the Manchu dynasty were vividly described by the partisan struggle in the Han Dynasty and the talk of the Jin Dynasty. At the end, the story of Wu Zixu hanging his head abroad expresses the author's extreme grief and indignation. Kang Youwei's six couplets are complex, rich and profound, which is not comparable to ordinary straight couplets.
? There are many uses of conjunctions, such as explicit use, covert use, anti-use, single use, combined use, etc. You can do it according to your own wishes, but you should be familiar with things and make them novel and not astringent.
? (3) metaphor. It is to compare what you want to say with similar things, so as to express it more vividly.
Example 1: Holding Premier Zhou.
? With painstaking efforts, the great revolutionary cause is like Mount Tai.
? The ashes are scattered everywhere, and the kindness in the deep sea moistens people's hearts like dew.
This couplet compares the great revolutionary cause of the leader with the towering Taishan world, which has made great contributions to future generations, and uses nectar to moisten people's hearts to compare the leader's proletarian revolutionary feelings and infinite love for the people. The metaphor is apt, shocking to read and unforgettable for a long time.
? 4. How to make elegiac couplets The writing form of elegiac couplets is the same as that of couplets. Write the first couplet, and then write the second couplet. The upper and lower couplets should be written with indomitable spirit. The size of words depends on the length and number of couplets. Some long couplets can be written in two columns, but the second column must be much shorter than the first column, such as Longmen, which is also called Longmen couplet. It should be noted that the top couplet must be written from right to left, with the right side long and the left side short; The bottom line must be written from left to right, long on the left and short on the right.
Writing elegiac couplets can be divided into two parts: the first part falls in the upper part, but it can't be flat-headed with the first word in the upper part, but it should be 1 to 2 words lower; The next paragraph is in the second couplet, but it can't be higher than the previous paragraph, and it is generally 1 to 2 words lower than the previous paragraph, even lower if it is a poor paragraph (single paragraph). Of course, in some specific occasions, you can also not sign. The font for writing elegiac couplets can be block letters, running script, running script, official script, seal script and so on. , but it is best to be able to identify them.
The elegiac couplet can be written on a long white newspaper or on a long white cloth (silk). Scrolls and scrolls are different from scrolls written to mourn the dead. They are mourning gifts to be hung in families, mourning halls, memorial services or places to say goodbye to the dead. Second, draw the curtains.
As a mourning gift, scrolls and scrolls are written to mourn the dead, which is different from scrolls. They are used to hang in families, mourning halls, memorial services or farewell to the dead.
? 1. Pull the handle
? Most of them are independent, also known as gifts. The handle is usually made of a whole piece of silk, or it can be made into a shaft with paper paste, which is called a ritual shaft. For the convenience of hanging, the handle is generally vertical, and the words on it are written straight.
? Opening width
? Bundling is also a kind of book clamping, which is different from dressing in that it is hung horizontally, while dressing is hung vertically. The words on the canvas are generally written horizontally.
? The inscriptions on banners and banners are not limited in form or writing. Some write only one word: Gigi Lai, and there are many words, but often four words are the most. You can use fixed words or write appropriate words yourself, but you should pay attention to the fact that words are used for mourning and giving gifts. In terms of wording, we should express our feelings directly, be sincere and concise, praise but not praise, mourn but not sorrow, and have the meaning of praise and sorrow.
? 3. Make the handle and the width of the handle
? There is no certain procedure for making the handle and the width of the handle, which can be large or small according to local conditions; Fonts can be open and feasible, which is completely determined by the sender; You can also use black and white paper or black and white paper instead of paper. The handle is hung vertically and written directly, and the words must be written in three parts from right to left; Stretching is a horizontal writing method, and the text should be written in three parts from top to bottom.
? The first part, write down the name of the deceased and add a eulogy (also called the upper paragraph) on the right hand side of the handle (the top side of the handle); In the second part, there are mourning words written in the middle. Generally, commemorative words should not exceed the previous paragraph and the next paragraph, and the word spacing should be consistent. Don't want this part either; In the third part, the name, identity and time of the basket delivery person and basket are written on the upper and lower left hand side of the basket.
stripe
? Bundle, also called wreath elegiac couplet, is a couplet written when offering wreaths and flower baskets to express admiration and grief for the dead. The watchband is also composed of upper and lower links. In practical application, the writing and form of ribbon have certain formulas. When writing, you should carefully choose the words used in the ribbon, especially the couplets. You can't miswrite the names of the deceased, because different people use words appropriately. The upper couplet and the lower couplet are written in various ways because of their different characters. Commonly used couplets include mourning, mourning, mourning, eternity and rest. In the second half, there are worship, crying, holding, leading, worship, crying and offering.
? The length and width of the belt should be cut according to the size of the wreath and basket. The lower end of the belt should be cut out with two sharp corners and hung on wreaths and flower baskets in a figure of eight. The font for writing the strap can be running script or regular script, but it must be the same font, usually black on a white background. In writing format, the first character of couplets is generally 1-2 characters lower than the first character of couplets.
? Exodus: I deeply mourn for Wu Wang and Comrade Zhang San.
Yuan Dinggen studied ancient times.
Student Tao Li Bai Wan
Mourn the death of Liu Laoxian
All the nearby peaks are mourning.
Dear dad, rest in peace.
Daughter Huang Li sobbed.
Mourning is an applied style specially used in mourning process. Although the content is single and there are not many forms, there are high requirements in terms of words and forms, and we should not be careless.
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The significance of pulling ladle, widening, pulling belt and pasting couplets
Scrolls and scrolls are different from scrolls written to mourn the dead. They are mourning gifts to be hung in families, mourning halls, memorial services or places to say goodbye to the dead.
1, pull the handle
Most of them are independent, also known as gifts. The handle is usually made of a whole piece of silk, or it can be made into a shaft with paper paste, which is called a ritual shaft. For the convenience of hanging, the handle is generally vertical, and the words on it are written straight.
Step 2 widen
Bundling is also a kind of book clamping, which is different from dressing in that it is hung horizontally, while dressing is hung vertically. The words on the canvas are generally written horizontally.
The inscriptions on banners and banners are not limited in form or writing. Some only write one word for wine, but there are also many words, but often four words are the most. You can use fixed words or write appropriate words yourself, but you should pay attention to the fact that words are used for mourning and giving gifts. In terms of wording, we should express our feelings directly, be sincere and concise, praise but not praise, mourn but not sorrow, and have the meaning of praise and sorrow.
Making spoons and shovels.
There is no certain procedure for making handles and handles, but they can be large or small and adapted to local conditions; Fonts can be open and feasible, which is completely determined by the sender; You can also use black and white paper or black and white paper instead of paper. The handle is hung vertically and written directly, and the words must be written in three parts from right to left; Stretching is a horizontal writing method, and the text should be written in three parts from top to bottom.
Example: an example of pulling the handle and an example of pulling the width.
The first part, write down the name of the deceased and add a eulogy (also called the upper paragraph) on the right hand side of the handle (the top side of the handle); In the second part, there are mourning words written in the middle. Generally, commemorative words should not exceed the previous paragraph and the next paragraph, and the word spacing should be consistent. Don't want this part either; In the third part, the name, identity and time of the basket delivery person and basket are written on the upper and lower left hand side of the basket.
3, strap
Bundle, also called wreath elegiac couplet, is a couplet written when offering wreaths and flower baskets to express respect and grief for the deceased. The watchband also consists of an upper part and a lower part. In practical application, the writing and form of ribbon have certain formulas. When you write, you should carefully choose the words of the ribbon, especially the first half, and you should not call the dead by mistake, because the words vary from person to person and are appropriate. The first half of the couplet and the second half of the couplet are written in different ways because of different words. The commonly used first half couplet includes mourning, mourning and mourning, as well as eternity and rest. In the second half, there are worship, crying, holding, leading, worship, crying and offering.
The length and width of the belt should be cut according to the size of the wreath and basket. The lower end of the belt should be cut out with two sharp corners and hung on wreaths and flower baskets in a figure of eight. The font for writing the strap can be running script or regular script, but it must be the same font, usually black on a white background. In terms of writing format, the first word in the lower half of the couplet is generally 1-2 words lower than the first word in the upper half.
Exodus: Deeply mourn for your comrades.
Youjingwan
The teacher is 1000 years old.
Student worship
Mourn the death of a fairy
Neighborhood mourning
Dear dad, dad, rest in peace.
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How to write mourning articles, thank you words and model essays?
Eulogy is a style used by people to mourn and pay homage. Funeral is also called eulogy, eulogy, obituary, funeral and so on.
I. Tribute
Eulogy is divided into reading eulogy and writing eulogy. Eulogy is used for certain commemorative activities and should be read on certain occasions; Written eulogy is used for ordinary courtesy written mourning and does not necessarily need to be read. According to the expression of eulogy, it can be divided into three categories: narrative, argument and lyric, among which narrative eulogy is the most common.
1, narrative eulogy. It mainly describes the life achievements of the deceased, and appropriately combines lyricism or discussion. This form is often used in reading eulogy at ordinary times.
2. Argumentative eulogy. Give priority to discussing the contribution of the deceased to society, and appropriately combine lyric or narrative. Common in written mourning articles.
3. Lyric eulogy. Mainly to express the feelings of mourning for the deceased, and appropriately combine narrative or discussion.
Example:
Brief introduction of comrade XXX's life
Comrade XXX was an employee of a certain unit in a certain city of China, and died unfortunately in the hospital at N: N on a certain day of a certain year due to illness. At the age of N, Comrade XXX was born in a certain city, joined the work in a certain month, and joined China in a certain month. Join the work in a month, hold a position in a month, and hold a position in a month.
So-and-so loves socialism and China, supports the Party's line, principles and policies, and always keeps consistent with the CPC Central Committee. He has always been serious and responsible for his work, diligent and practical, hard-working, never caring about personal gains and losses, being conscientious and being a practical person. During the tenure of a post, strengthen management, often go deep into the front line, take the initiative to provide services, and actively provide logistics support; He insisted on strict demands on himself with the standard of * * * *, set an example, be honest and self-disciplined, be diligent in housekeeping, complete all tasks assigned by his superiors to the letter, and enthusiastically ask employees for help. He can always be seen in some major or surprise missions. After retiring from the middle-level post, he actively helped and supported young comrades and was always busy in the front line of logistics work; He is honest, enthusiastic, straightforward, United with comrades and ready to help others. It has made important contributions to the construction and development of a unit, especially to a certain work of a unit. His work has been praised by the leaders and employees of the unit and has been rated as an advanced worker for many times.
Comrade XXX's life is a conscientious and hard-working life. With the death of Comrade XXX, a unit in a city lost a good worker, and we also lost a good comrade.
Today, with a very sad mood, we deeply mourn Comrade XXX and express our deep condolences to his family! Comrade XXX said goodbye to us forever. We should turn grief into strength, unite as one, and make greater contributions to social development and national rejuvenation!
Second, thank you.
The words of thanks refer to the special style in which relatives of the deceased express their grief and nostalgia for the deceased at the memorial service and express their gratitude to the leaders and relatives who came to attend the memorial service. Generally, the eldest son reads on behalf of the whole family. The words of thanks begin with the object of thanks; First of all, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the people who came to attend the memorial service (mostly the leaders of the unit where the deceased lived and the relatives and friends of the whole family). Then simply review the life achievements of the deceased, and sincerely express the family's infinite nostalgia and the positive theme of inheriting the legacy and making continuous progress; Finally, thank you again.
Example:
Thank you speech
Leaders, friends and relatives:
Hello!
First of all, on behalf of my mother, my brothers and sisters and all my relatives, I would like to express my most sincere thanks to you! Thank you for your busy schedule to attend my father's memorial service.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. In this eventful autumn, my father died of myocardial infarction in his second hometown, Shanghai, at the age of 83. We are very sad to lose such a good father, such a good party member and such a good doctor.
My father was born in Chongqing, a beautiful mountain city in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. At the age of eighteen, he left his hometown with a strong desire to heal the wounded and rescue the dying and defend his country, and went to Shanghai to study at Medical University. From then on, he followed * * * on the road of revolution. During the war years, he risked his life to save people in the rain of bullets. After the founding of New China, he served as the director of the hospital until he broke down from constant overwork and suffered from a serious heart attack. My father has been expelling diseases for others all his life. Even though he is old and seriously ill, he is still the same, but he never cares about his health. He is so caring and responsible, so selfless, so strict with himself, so aggressive and fearless. He used his words and deeds all his life to educate and enlighten us. We are proud of having such a good father. We will never live up to his old man's expectations. We should unite as one, work hard, make greater contributions to society, and maximize the value of life like him.
Before his death, my father always had a wish to return to his hometown after a long absence of half a century, to see the new look of Chongqing as the youngest municipality directly under the central government, and to see the new atmosphere brought to Chongqing by the strategy of developing the western region. Unfortunately, due to physical reasons, he couldn't make it. But seeing the river rolling in, I brought happiness to my hometown. Thanks to the folks who came all the way from Chongqing, you made my father feel at home again. Thanks to all the leaders, relatives and friends who came to attend the memorial service but failed to come. Thank you for your concern about my father's illness and your concern and help to our family.
My father was born in bright spring, worked hard and devoted his life, and left forever in this quiet autumn night. Our brothers and sisters want to see their father off with a poem by Tagore:
Life is beautiful like spring flowers and death is beautiful like autumn leaves. Our dear dad, have a nice trip!
Cry.
Year, month, year, 2000
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Elegiac collection
There are many heroes among the dead.
Martyrs rest in peace. The revolution has its successors.
Duanyang people are obsessed with the story of Chu.
Qingming presents flowers to commemorate the people's heroes
The Story of the Martyr Wrapped in Mago
Good news, family heirloom, father's heart.
Only parents think of jiaozi.
Never forget the hero.
Flowing water
Orchids are picked and jade is broken ―― valuable/talented people die young.
Current affairs hentai, where are people?
Sad eyes, cold night.
How about poetry, wine and articles? Xiandaoqi invited Bao to go with him.
Harmony leads to generosity, and the breeze brings coolness, so people are far away.
It is a shame to die with a lot of knowledge.
A cavity blood boiling late sadness.
His works include Strange Books, Benevolence and Biography of Cao Yu.
Criticism and vulgarity. Be kind to the people and the country. Keep your name and be gentle from the future.
Chunjiang Peach Ye Ying cried wet.
Night rain, plum butterflies, cold dreams
The cloud is deep and the bamboo path is still there.
Snow pressure knows that heaven and man will not return.
Career has been recorded by predecessors.
Typical for future generations.
Peach blossoms and flowing water suddenly go away.
Where does the bright moon and the cool breeze go?
Don't make a storm in the world
Different from the earth and the world.
Confucian classics led the Tang and Song Dynasties.
He is between Confucianism and chivalry.
(ten thousand) according to
There are many heroes among the dead.
Martyrs rest in peace. The revolution has its successors.
Duanyang people are obsessed with the story of Chu.
Qingming presents flowers to commemorate the people's heroes
The Story of the Martyr Wrapped in Mago
Good news, family heirloom, father's heart.
Only parents think of jiaozi.
Never forget the hero.
Flowing water
Orchids are picked and jade is broken ―― valuable/talented people die young.
Current affairs hentai, where are people?
Sad eyes, cold night.
How about poetry, wine and articles? Xiandaoqi invited Bao to go with him.
Harmony leads to generosity, and the breeze brings coolness, so people are far away.
It is a shame to die with a lot of knowledge.
A cavity blood boiling late sadness.
His works include Strange Books, Benevolence and Biography of Cao Yu.
Criticism and vulgarity. Be kind to the people and the country. Keep your name and be gentle from the future.
Chunjiang Peach Ye Ying cried wet.
Night rain, plum butterflies, cold dreams
The cloud is deep and the bamboo path is still there.
Snow pressure knows that heaven and man will not return.
Career has been recorded by predecessors.
Typical for future generations.
Peach blossoms and flowing water suddenly go away.
Where does the bright moon and the cool breeze go?
Don't make a storm in the world
Different from the earth and the world.
Confucian classics led the Tang and Song Dynasties.
He is between Confucianism and chivalry.
(ten thousand) according to
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