(1) Bare-hand exercises
Bare-hand exercises are the most commonly used activity in preparatory activities. They are simple, direct and easy to operate, and their contents generally include stretching. Teachers can delete sports, side movements, body turning movements, kicking movements, whole body movements, jumping movements, finishing movements, etc. as needed. There are also many categories of freehand exercise, including high-five exercise, double exercise, broadcast gymnastics, marching exercise, martial arts, aerobics, etc. In terms of organizational forms, there are both in-situ and on-the-go; single, double or collective. In actual teaching, different formations and different positions can also be arranged to practice the same set of self-composed exercises. It advocates novel forms and flexible application according to specific circumstances. In terms of arrangement, the exercises should be arranged in a reasonable sequence according to the physiological laws of human body functions, from slow to fast, from easy to difficult, from the upper limbs to the trunk and then to the whole body. Physical education teachers can constantly change the content of free-hand exercises and change the organizational form of free-hand exercises based on the principles of suitability and novelty, so that students can feel that the content of each preparation activity is new.
(2) Jogging
Traditional preparatory activities include jogging around the playground as an important part of the preparatory activities. It is also a preparatory activity commonly used by most physical education teachers. Jogging around the playground is easy to use. Students are in a passive and passive state, which is not conducive to stimulating students' interest in sports. Therefore, physical education teachers can also modify the preparatory activities for jogging to make jogging interesting and effective. For example, you can use the school's existing venues to jog around various sports equipment. During throwing classes, you can place the throwing objects in a certain pattern for jogging. You can also use the placed gymnastics mats to jog. You can also conduct various relay runs, cooperative runs, Obstacle running, etc. This requires physical education teachers to develop activities suitable for students' jogging based on existing venues and equipment, so that jogging is no longer boring, but full of interest.
(3) Equipment type
Instrument exercise is an exercise that uses some sports equipment on the basis of freehand exercise. Its content can be the same as that of freehand exercise, but it is also different from that of freehand exercise. The special preparation activities are closely connected, which can make students concentrate and be highly motivated during practice, and have a good promoting effect on consolidating and improving skills and developing special qualities. Its classification can be differentiated according to different equipment, including solid ball exercises, ball exercises, stick exercises, rope exercises, gymnastics bench exercises, rib exercises, mat exercises, etc. Equipment training mainly involves selecting corresponding equipment according to different teaching contents, so that the preparation part and the basic part can be coordinated. If the teaching class is to throw a medicine ball, a set of medicine ball exercises can be used in the preparatory activities and combined with special content. Students have already had a preliminary experience with the medicine ball in the preparation part and can lay a solid foundation for the basic part. A good foundation; if the teaching class is a parallel bars class, teachers can also use the parallel bars to do some preparatory activities. If the ribs are relatively close to the parallel bars, they can use nearby materials to do a rib exercise, which can also achieve the purpose of preparatory activities. In short, equipment exercises should select corresponding or similar equipment exercises according to different teaching contents to achieve the purpose of preparatory activities, which is not only conducive to the implementation of the basic part of the teaching content, but also makes full use of the equipment.
(4) Games
Games are a favorite activity for students at different levels, especially in physical education classes for primary school students. In the preparatory activities section, games suitable for students to participate can be arranged to continuously stimulate the students' central nervous system, generate appropriate excitement and pleasant emotional experiences, and induce students' interest in learning, so as to achieve the purpose of entertaining and educating. When selecting and arranging games, teachers should pay attention to the appropriateness of the game competition, the distribution of students' strength in groups should be even, to achieve fair competition, clear rewards and punishments, and at the same time, the exercise load should be appropriate, so as to prevent injuries and avoid excessive exercise that affects basic skills. Some content teaching.
2. Specialized preparatory activities
Specialized preparatory activities are carried out on the basis of general preparatory activities. They are highly targeted and can make the practitioner's body recover earlier. Enter the working state, fully mobilize the relevant muscle groups, and prepare yourself physiologically. The specialized preparatory activities of physical education classes are related to actual sports events. The basic structure and nature of the movements are basically similar to the teaching content of physical education classes. Students' ability to formally learn movements is improved through the use of imitation exercises, auxiliary exercises or inductive exercises. Adaptability, it plays an important role in promoting the realization of physical education teaching goals. Its contents include: imitation exercises with equipment or bare hands, repetition of an important link after complete techniques or decomposed movements, and practice of detailed technical movements, etc. For example, dribbling, bumping, passing and receiving, shooting, etc. in football; one-legged hop, step jump, run-up jump, etc. in jumping events; support jumping to practice double-footed take-off movements, push-ups and split-leg jumps Standing, jumping in place, etc. Compared with general preparation activities, specialized preparation activities are shorter but of higher quality. Only by combining specialized preparatory activities with general preparatory activities can the desired effect be achieved. Generally, specialized preparatory activities are arranged after general preparatory activities in order to effectively exercise students' bodies, improve sports performance, prevent injuries, and promote health. .