Confucian "Rule by Rites"
The fundamental meaning of Confucian "rule by courtesy" is "difference", even if the noble, the humble, the old and the young have their own special code of conduct. Only when aristocrats, young and old, old and young, and relatives and friends have their own rituals can we realize the ideal society of Jun Jun, minister, father, son, brother, brother, husband and wife in the eyes of Confucianism. The governance of a country depends on the stability of hierarchical order. Confucian "ceremony" is also a form of law. It takes the maintenance of patriarchal hierarchy as its core, and it will be punished by "punishment" if it violates the norms of "ceremony"
Confucian "rule by virtue"
The Confucian theory of "ruling by virtue" is to advocate moral edification and education. Confucianism believes that no matter whether human nature is good or evil, people can be influenced and educated by morality. This kind of education is a psychological change, which makes people feel good and ashamed but not evil. This is the most thorough, fundamental and positive way, which is beyond the reach of legal sanctions.
Confucian "rule by man"
The Confucian theory of "rule by man" is an idea that attaches importance to the particularity of man, his possible moral development and his sympathy, and manages his rule as a changeable "man" with complex choice initiative and ethics. From this perspective, "rule by virtue" is closely related to "rule by man". "Rule by virtue" emphasizes the process of enlightenment, while "rule by man" emphasizes the moralist himself, which is a kind of saint politics. Because Confucianism believes that "personality" has great appeal, on this basis, it has developed into extreme "rule of man" doctrine such as "governing the people for politics" and "governing the people cannot". Confucius regards "benevolence" as the highest moral principle, standard and realm. He was the first to integrate the whole moral standard and formed an ethical thought structure with "benevolence" as the core, including filial piety, brotherhood, loyalty, forgiveness, courtesy, knowledge, courage, respect, tolerance, faith, sensitivity and benefit. Filial piety is the foundation of benevolence and one of the basic pillars of benevolence's ideological system. Benevolence is the core of Confucianism, which has a great influence on the development of China's culture and society.
After Buddhism was introduced into China, it was also influenced by Taoism, and Zen was inspired by Zhuangzi in many ways. Among the pre-Qin philosophers of Taoism, although there are not as many disciples as Confucianism and Mohism, and their status is not as lofty as Confucianism, with the development of history, Taoism has shown eternal value and vitality in philosophy with its unique understanding of the universe, society and life. Taoism advocates natural inaction and harmony with nature.
Taoism originated from Laozi in the late Spring and Autumn Period, but there was no such name in Qin Dynasty. The word "Tao" was used to summarize the school initiated by Laozi, which began in the early Han Dynasty. Taoism at this time is also called moralist. Sima Tan, Sima Qian's father, once wrote an article "On Six Essentials", which summarized the Qin School into six schools, namely, morality, Confucianism, Mohism, Ming and Fa Yin and Yang, and expounded the essence, gains and losses of the six schools. Taoism prevailed in the early Han Dynasty, and Sima Tan was a disciple of Taoism, so he had the highest evaluation of Taoism. He pointed out that Taoism has the advantages of the other five, while avoiding their shortcomings. Used to govern the country and cultivate self-cultivation, get twice the result with half the effort. During the Han Dynasty, King Huai committed suicide because of rebellion. The theoretical tool used by conspirators is Huang Lao theory. The inaction of Huang Lao's theory is a serious challenge, leading to the gradual decline of Taoist thought. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty exclusively respected Confucianism, it was no longer the mainstream thought of China. Since then, Taoism has penetrated into all aspects of China culture, and metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties is the most obvious revival trend. In the pre-Qin period, many factions can be generally distinguished, and Taoism is no exception. There are 37 Taoist works and 933 articles in Ban Gu's Records of Hanshu Art in the Eastern Han Dynasty, most of which are works in the pre-Qin period. The mainstream schools of Taoist thought are: Lao Zi, Zhuangzi and Huang Lao School. In addition, the trend of Yang Zhu Thought may have influenced Laozi and Zhuangzi, and at the same time it will be in both. Different schools have different ideas, either leaning towards governing the country or governing the body. Taoism in Sima Tan mainly refers to the Huang-Lao School.
Buddhism is not only another name of Buddhism, but also the abbreviation of "Buddhism". Therefore, Buddhism is an education aimed at human thoughts, which is not essentially different from other ideological education, such as Confucianism. In order to guide people in this world to deal with life in the most intelligent way; Or involve your debate and guide people to "govern the country" in the most intelligent way.
However, the deeper the thought, the less likely it is to be accepted by the public; Or the easier it is to be misunderstood and misunderstood. Buddhism, for example, has long been reduced from education to religion, and has also been heavily influenced by superstition. The Confucian education now accepted is also declining; Began to believe in religion Perhaps this phenomenon is the inevitable trend of the development of human thought; It is the result of the development of human material civilization; It is the only way for human beings to finally destroy themselves.
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How does "Buddhism" influence or help to govern the country, or what advantages does it have?
Governing the country is basically governing the people, which means that the government can guide the people to live and work in peace and contentment, which is called "governance", and vice versa. Then, let's talk about "governance" in combination with the core of "Buddhism" ideological education.
The ideological core of "Buddha" is to educate people to know themselves accurately by learning Buddha's thoughts in life practice; Know the world, then let people take their time in the world, and finally let the "true self" be completely free and harmonious. For the public, education is divided into two levels, namely secular education and secular education. Generally speaking, it is to adopt secular education and sage education for different people. Of course, most people receive secular education. We mainly talk about this part, which is very complicated. Among them, the rules and regulations can't be listed here one by one, but their core content is "Five Commandments and Ten Kindnesses" (available online), which mainly educates people to control vicious selfish desires, be charitable, help others, and advocate the idea of "everyone for me and everyone for me". This is totally. For another example, in their introductory articles and speeches to the Buddha, some mages and laymen now propose to learn from Lei Feng, because what Lei Feng has done is basically the same as that of the Bodhisattva: there is no self-interest, only benefiting others. Therefore, from this point, we can see that "Buddhism" education is also a part of national education, which may not be recognized, but it is a fact.
Well, the above just gives you a clue to think. There is a lot of information about the help or function of "Buddhism" education in governing the country on the Internet or elsewhere. I hope you can absorb it widely, and at the same time I hope you can have a profound and objective understanding of Buddhist education through this activity, and take this opportunity to popularize Buddhist education among the participants, which will be very meritorious.