Poetry creation should pay attention to artistry and several aspects, one of which is "rhythm", and pay attention to the collocation of words and the harmony of tones. In these aspects, the ancients had a lot of incisive expositions, so I won't quote the classics here (there are a series of books such as poems, words and qupin, so interested friends may wish to have a look).
When it comes to the rhythm of poetry, it generally includes three aspects: First, the level tone was first put forward by Shen Yue in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and it was widely used in metrical poems after the prosperous Tang Dynasty, mainly focusing on the coordination between the levels tone. The second is duality. In verse, especially in metrical poems, the requirement of duality is strict. There are generally sentence pairs in poetry, and there are also many sentence pairs and paragraph pairs in fu and eight-part essay. The third is rhyme, which means that rhyming words regularly appear in appropriate places (usually pause places). These three aspects all come from the characteristics of Chinese pronunciation, that is, monosyllabic morphemes are dominant and have tones. When writing poems, especially metrical poems, the use of parallelism, duality and rhyme is good and natural, which can enhance the sense of music and present the beauty of rhythm; Poor use and excessive use will give people a feeling of thankless, and even hurt the meaning with words. Parallel prose from the Six Dynasties to the early Tang Dynasty is an obvious example. This is the basic skill that every poetry lover must master.
Here I mainly talk about my views on rhyme.
In prose language, there are few rhymes, but it is not without them. Rhyme is commonly used (including fu, poetry, words, songs, etc. ), and rhyme is rhyming words. The first rhyme format is sentence by sentence rhyme, that is, one rhyme to the end, which can be seen in some lyrics and American literature; Second, every other sentence rhymes. Most poems rhyme every other sentence, only the first two rhymes. The situation of words is more complicated, including rhyming sentence by sentence, rhyming every other sentence and rhyming every other sentence. Rhyme is mostly the whole rhyme, and some longer works rhyme in the middle.
There are many differences between ancient and modern rhymes. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, such as Qieyun and Tangyun, the rhymes were very fine. Guang Yun in Song Dynasty was designated as 206 rhymes, but because some rhymes can be used together, the actual rhyme was 1 12 in Tang Dynasty, 108 in Song Dynasty and 106 in Jin Dynasty. Pei Wen Shi Yun in Qing Dynasty is a masterpiece of rhyme, which is divided into four parts: Ping, Shang, Xia and Nei. Pingsheng includes 65,438+05 rhymes of Dong and Er Dong in Yi Sheng, Shang Ping, and 65,438+05 rhymes of Xiaping Yisheng County and No.2 Primary School. The upper tone includes 29 rhymes of Dong Yi and No.2 Town, the German tone includes 30 rhymes of Yi Song and No.2 Song, and the entering tone includes 65,438+07 rhymes of Yiwu and Erwo, * * 65. To learn ancient poetry, Pei Wenyun should be the first choice.
Rhyme is the strictest in metrical poetry. Many words, such as "Final", "Wind" and "Gong" in East China and "Zhong", "Feng" and "Gong" in Second Winter, are all pronounced the same now, and metrical poems can't pass. After that, you will make rhyming mistakes, be laughed at and fall behind in the exam. After the middle Tang Dynasty, neighboring rhymes gradually appeared, such as the thirteen-yuan rhyme used in Du Mu's poem Qingming, but the first sentence used twelve neighboring rhymes. The rhyme of words is not so strict. Like a flat voice, the words are merged into 14 rhyme.
Rhyme also has the difficulty of choosing rhyme and secondary rhyme. When writing a poem, you will encounter difficulties in actively choosing rhyme or passively limiting rhyme. Like the four branches and eleven truths in Pingsheng, it contains many words and is easy to choose, called Kuan Yun; Rhymes like Wuwei and Twelve-character Rhyme contain fewer words and are difficult to choose, so they are called narrow rhymes. There are also some rhymes, such as Sanjiang and Fifteen Salts, which contain fewer words and are difficult to choose. They are called dangerous rhymes. And like some friends' "rhyme limit", the traces are close to word games. Poets must pay attention to the choice of rhyme when writing poems.
After the Song Dynasty, the habit of rhyming with other people's poems can also be regarded as a kind of "rhyme restriction". Many scholars like to play this kind of rhyming acrobatics and watch kung fu in difficult movements. Su Dongpo wrote his first rhyming poem in a refined and natural way: "What life looks like everywhere should be like flying snow. I accidentally left my fingers and claws in the mud, and Hong Fei was driving that complicated thing. The old monk is dead and has become a new tower. There is no reason to look at the old topic with a broken wall. Remember the rugged past? The road is long and Xiu Yuan is sleepy. "
Having said that, does it mean that everyone should use rhyme when writing poetry, and without rhyme, it is not a good poem? On the contrary, we advocate innovation. "Sticking to the rules everywhere will damage the artistic conception of words and reduce the artistry of words. Vocabulary rules serve people, and we can't be its slaves, so that ideological content can accommodate rules. "
I just want everyone to know something about "Chen" and then come up with "new". What's more, poets often have to rhyme, and some friends like to write poems in the same style. At this time, we can follow the old meter and keep the reasonable parts of the old meter, such as adhesion, antithesis, rhyme, etc., but the pronunciation is completely from now on. In fact, we did this when we were reading ancient poems. Like "Hanshan Mountain is far away and the stone path is inclined, and there are people in Bai Yunsheng. Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February flowers. Who else reads "Summer" besides ancient prose researchers?
There are many kinds of systematic rhymes. I recommend you to use the new rhyme of China New Rhyme, including *** 18, Ma Er Lang San Ge and other poems. Each rhyme is divided into four tones: flat tone, rising tone, rising tone and falling tone. This is stipulated according to the pronunciation of Putonghua. It naturally rhymes with it, which conforms to the reading habits of modern people. In addition, the thirteen quotations used in Chinese opera are also good. Familiar with this rhyme, flexible use of meter, taking this tone as a new verse, you will surely write excellent works. Some poets think that writing ancient poems, especially lyric poems, is not a "word" without ancient rhyme, which is personally inappropriate.
Rhythm of Song Ci
Flat voice can be flat, and rhyme can be flat.
○ ● ◎ △ ▲
Konakayama
◎ ● ○ ○ ◎ ● △,
◎ ○ ○ ● ●,
● ○ △。
◎ ○ ◎ ● ● ○ △,
○ ◎ ●,
◎ ● ● ○ △。
◎ ● ● ○ △
◎ ○ ○ ● ●,
● ○ △。
◎ ○ ◎ ● ● ○ △,
○ ◎ ●,
◎ ● ● ○ △。
Description: Also known as "Xiaochongshan" and "Xiao Zhong"
Mountain sequence, double-tone 58 words, before and after.
Four rhymes, one rhyme to the end.
Tasha shop
◎ ● ○ ○,
◎ ○ ● ▲,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
◎ ○ ◎ ● ● ○ ○,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
◎ ● ○ ○,
◎ ○ ● ▲,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
◎ ○ ◎ ● ● ○ ○,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
Description: Also known as "Walking in the Snow",
Two-tone 58 words, front and back
Three rhymes before and after.
Two examples are used for duality.
Linjiangxian
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ●,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ △。
◎ ○ ◎ ● ● ○ △。
◎ ○ ○ ● ●,
◎ ● ● ○ △。
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ●,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ △。
◎ ○ ◎ ● ● ○ △。
◎ ○ ○ ● ●,
◎ ● ● ○ △。
Description: 60 words with two tones, one before and one after.
Three-level rhyme, one rhyme to the end.
A butterfly in love with flowers
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲,
◎ ● ○ ○,
◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲,
◎ ● ○ ○,
◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
Description: Also known as "Magpie Tread",
Double tone 60 words, front and back.
Four rhymes, one rhyme to the end.
A cluster of plum blossoms
◎ ● ○ ○ ● ● △。
◎ ● ○ △,
◎ ● ○ △,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ● ○ △。
◎ ● ○ △,
◎ ● ○ △。
◎ ● ○ ○ ● ● △。
◎ ● ○ △,
◎ ● ○ △,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ● ○ △。
◎ ● ○ △,
◎ ● ○ △。
Description: Also known as "Sweet Chimonanthus praecox", with two tones.
Sentences cross before and after, rhyme with flat rhyme.
Finally. Duality generally uses eight four-character sentences.
There is only one, three and six before and after.
Sentence rhymes
Yujiaao
● ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲,
○ ◎ ▲。
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
● ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲,
○ ◎ ▲,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
Description: Dual-tone 62 words, front and back.
Every sentence has five rhymes, and every sentence has one rhyme.
Rhyme to the end.
Ding Fengbo
◎ ● ○ ○ ● ● △,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ● ○ △,
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲,
○ ▲,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ● ○ △。
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲,
○ ▲。
◎ ○ ◎ ● ● ○ △,
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲,
○ ▲,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ● ○ △。
Description: Two-tone 62 words, the first part.
Three rhymes, two rhymes, and four rhymes behind.
Variation methods of rhyme, secondary rhyme and even rhyme
It is "A, B, C, A, D". along with
Flat and smooth, mainly rhyming.
Qingyu case
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ ○ ▲,
● ◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲,
● ○ ○ ●,
● ○ ○ ▲,
◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ ○ ▲,
◎ ● ○ ○ ● ○ ▲。
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲。
● ○ ○ ●,
● ○ ○ ▲,
◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
Description: Also known as Hengtang Road,
"West Lake Road", double tone 60
Seven words, five rhymes,
Go up and pledge.
Medicinal plants of Solanaceae
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲,
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲。
◎ ○ ◎ ● ● ○ ○,
○ ◎ ▲,
○ ◎ ▲,
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲。
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲,
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲。
◎ ○ ◎ ● ● ○ ○,
○ ◎ ▲,
○ ◎ ▲,
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲。
Description: Double tone, 68 words, front and back.
Dark clouds, go up and bet. Fourth, fifth
Even peace is not formal, but the second sentence is the first.
The word "disyllabic" must be used.
Jiangchengzi
◎ ○ ◎ ● ● ○ △,
● ○ △,
● ○ △。
◎ ● ○ ○,
◎ ● ● ○ △。
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲,
● ○ ●,
● ○ △。
◎ ○ ◎ ● ● ○ △,
● ○ △,
● ○ △。
◎ ● ○ ○,
◎ ● ● ○ △。
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ▲,
● ○ ●,
● ○ △。
Description: Also known as "Jiang Shenzi", double tone.
Seventy words, in the same format, each
Five levels of rhyme, one rhyme to the end.
She sang an old song.
◎ ● ◎ ○ ◎ ●
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ △
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ●
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ △
◎ ● ◎ ○ ◎ ●
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ △
◎ ● ◎ ○ ◎ ●
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ △
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ●
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ △
◎ ● ◎ ○ ◎ ●
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ △
Caption: Also known as "Man Zi River", Double.
Adjust 74 words, and the front and back lines should be flat.
Rhyme, rhyme to the end. Start with the first two.
Sentences are usually antagonistic.
Man Jiang Hong
◎ ● ○ ○,
◎ ◎ ●、◎ ○ ◎ ▲。
◎ ◎ ●,
◎ ○ ◎ ●,
● ○ ○ ▲。
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ●,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
● ◎ ○、◎ ● ● ○ ○,
○ ○ ▲。
○ ◎ ●、○ ○ ▲,
○ ◎ ●、○ ○ ▲。
● ◎ ○ ○ ●,
● ○ ○ ▲。
◎ ● ◎ ○ ○ ● ●,
◎ ○ ◎ ● ○ ○ ▲。
● ◎ ○、◎ ● ● ○ ○,
○ ○ ▲。
Description: Double-tone 93 words, front
Four rhymes, five rhymes in the back sentence and four rhymes in the front.
Five or six sentences, followed by seven or eight sentences.
After que three words four words also use antithesis, this
Use new words to adjust example sentences