“Benevolence, justice, propriety, wisdom and trust, loyalty, filial piety, integrity, shame and courage.” This is the foundation for our Chinese people to remain invincible in the world for thousands of years. Confucianism, the word "Confucianism", is the knowledge that meets human needs and meets the needs of human nature. The founder of Confucianism first believed that "shame is the difference between human beings and animals". Under the premise of this understanding, he also proposed that "the Tao is based on government, and the people are unified through punishment, so that the people can avoid being shameless; the Tao is based on virtue, and the Tao is based on virtue." The way of governing the country is "propriety, shamelessness and integrity". If the people are "shameless", no matter how many and severe the policies and punishments are, it will be difficult to curb the rising crime rate. However, once citizens can have "shame" and "self-discipline", they will consciously and voluntarily adjust their behavior in accordance with social norms and laws, and society can have true harmony!
Another: Chinese people have always paid attention to the "Four Dimensions and Eight Virtues", among which "propriety, righteousness, integrity, and shame" constitute the "Four Dimensions"; and the "Eight Virtues" are "loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, love, and trustworthiness". ", righteousness, harmony, peace", because it has eight characters, it is called "Eight Virtues". There are also "benevolence, justice, propriety, wisdom and trust, loyalty, filial piety, integrity and courage", "filial piety, brotherhood, loyalty, trust, etiquette, righteousness, integrity and shame".
"Benevolence": benevolence, love, benevolence. Since Confucius advocated the study of "benevolence", "benevolence" has become the "first virtue" and "constant virtue" of the Chinese nation. Confucius regarded "benevolence" as the highest state of personal moral cultivation, "loving others" as the fundamental requirement of morality, and "the world must return to benevolence" as the highest social moral ideal. Talking about "benevolence" means talking about the relationship between people and the love between people, starting from the love for parents, brothers and sisters, and then extending to the love for others. "Benevolence" is not only the most basic virtue, but also the most universal moral standard. "Benevolence" has become a traditional cultural concept of the Chinese nation. Chinese people still regard virtuous people as "benevolent people" and those without virtue as "unbenevolent people." The idea of ??"benevolence", as the main value orientation and moral requirement of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, has penetrated into the blood of the Chinese nation and created the special qualities of the Chinese nation.
"Yi": righteousness, justice, fairness, justice and justice. Traditional Chinese culture regards "righteousness" as the ultimate goal and value orientation of life. "Book of Rites: Doctrine of the Mean": "It is appropriate to be righteous. Respect for wealth is the most important thing." Traditional Chinese culture uses both righteousness and benevolence as the core content of traditional morality. The idea of ??"sacrifice one's life for righteousness". "Righteousness" means appropriate, should, and ought, and is the highest moral principle that people should follow. Be altruistic and do not harm or betray others, especially friends, in exchange for your own survival and interests. "Yi" also means friendship and kindness, including mutual concern, care and support between people. Family affection and friendship, when developed to a perfect level, have the element of "righteousness". There is "righteousness" to make friendship friendly and lasting. With "righteousness", friends will not betray their friends, and husbands will not abandon their wives and children. "Righteousness" is the noble moral expression of the Chinese nation.
"Li": Mingli, politeness, courtesy, etiquette, etiquette, etiquette. "Etiquette" is the outstanding spirit of Chinese traditional culture and the way of social interaction. Etiquette and benevolence are mutually exclusive, benevolence and loving others are the inner spirit of etiquette, and respect and resignation are the external manifestations of benevolence. Being polite, polite and paying attention to etiquette are the traditional virtues of China, a "land of etiquette". Traditional Chinese culture believes that "ritual" is the symbol that distinguishes humans from animals. "The reason why mortals are human is etiquette." ("Book of Rites") "Etiquette" is also the foundation for governing a country and ensuring peace. Chinese ethical culture can be said to be "etiquette culture" in a sense. "Mingli", in a broad sense, means being civilized. As an ethical system and ethical order, it is called "ritual"; as a form of dealing with others, it is called "etiquette" and "etiquette"; as an individual cultivation, it is called "courtesy"; when used to deal with relationships with others, it is called "comity". Etiquette, politeness, comity, etiquette, and etiquette are the embodiment of the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation.
"Wisdom": knower, wise, wise, witty. "Wisdom" informs "knowledge". Ancient Chinese thinkers endowed "wisdom" with rich moral and connotations. "Wisdom" lies in knowing how to follow the Tao. Learn to know without knowing it, be wise without being treacherous. "Benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, and trustworthiness" are the basic principles for dealing with people. To connect all of them, "wisdom" needs to run through them. Otherwise, even if there are "benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, and propriety". Integrity is a conventional social interaction criterion. Confucius List "faithfulness" as one of the "four major subjects" (literature, conduct, loyalty, and trustworthiness) and the "five major norms" (respect, tolerance, trustworthiness, sensitivity, and benefit) for educating students, emphasizing that "words must be true." "Believe", "If you believe, people will do whatever they want." "Treat people with sincerity", "acquire people with trust", "a promise worth a thousand pieces of gold", "honesty and trustworthiness" and other traditional virtues have been praised and carried forward by people for thousands of years.
With the blessing of "faithfulness", It is impossible to be unobstructed. In the new era, it is necessary to integrate the moral wisdom of the Chinese nation with humanistic and scientific wisdom to open up new wisdom.
"Faith": integrity and trust. "Shuowen" says: "People's words are believed." "Faith" is the way to establish oneself, to develop one's business, and to govern the world.
Integrity and summation