China 1, currency: the major studied has been withdrawn, and physical currency is in circulation. Page 2: Ancient coins: the monetary functions of ancient and modern square hole copper coins that have been withdrawn from circulation (including loss: shells, cloth coins, knife coins, round money holes, round money holes, etc. ). Page 3, Coins: Shovel tools that generally cast various currencies in the Spring and Autumn Period originated in ancient times.
4. Knife coins: Various knife shapes were generally used by investment banks in the Spring and Autumn Period, and originated from an ancient fishing tool.
5. Shells: In the process of commodity exchange between China and the world currency in ancient barter, one of the earliest forms, in order to facilitate people to accept ordinary shells as universal equivalents of commodities, shells appeared. Page 6, Round Coin: General round coins, including round Qian Shengqian with round holes and square holes.
7. Gold Edition: Casting during the Warring States Period, also known as the "gold standard", in which Chu gold coins were unearthed in Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and other places.
8. Town treasury money: refers to evil towns and large-scale furnaces, especially the coin-minting official money bureau furnace, which is the earliest existing "Datang Town Treasury" in the Southern Tang Dynasty.
9. Furnace coin: refers to the first set of commemorative coins with precision casting performance before the official casting of the ancient coin bureau (bureau), which is used to pay homage to the gods, welcome auspicious Naji, or for the boss.
10, Money Palace: This product is used for court festivals, decoration, hanging accounts, hanging lights, setting beams, special rewards, and is worth the money.
1 1, Xiaoping: the official word for money, also known as flat money, is generally about 24 mm in diameter and weighs 3.5 grams.
12, double: The values of two texts are generally 28 mm in diameter and 7 g in weight. A metaphor of 30% off and 50% off equal.
13, text: the basic unit of money, an article said by Qian Xiaoping.
14, series: Hundred Money (paper), representing a character string.
15, which is consistent: thousands of dollars (paper), Guan said.
16, sample: refers to money smaller than the diameter of the same type of person.
17, large sample: refers to people of the same type whose diameter is larger than money.
18, face: the money in front.
19, back: refers to the reverse side of a coin.
20. Meat: The coin thickness of the container can be divided into thick meat and thin meat.
2 1, money: the words, symbols, patterns and collectives of coins, which represent the front of the article and are called the back of the words or the text screen.
22, wear: wearing a hole means money, also known as good. Through a wide hole refers to money; Money means getting smaller through narrow holes.
23. Inner Guo: refers to the protruding part around the perforation, also known as too good. Guo Zeng said in "Kuan Kuan Guo"; Who said that Guo, the Northeast Army who narrowed the internal overlap, was narrowing Guo?
24. Four decisions: The corners protruding outward are made of perforations.
25, 4: The piercing device protrudes outward to the four corners of the outer ring.
26. Outer ring: refers to the protruding part of the currency itself. Also known as the outer edge of the barrier. Who says the wheel is wide outside and the rim is wide? Who said that the outer wheel is narrow and the side is narrow; External overlapping weighing wheel.
27th: Northern Guizhou Projection Circle.
August: refers to the convex arc on the side or back of a coin. YueYang kept saying that it would be stiff for a month.
June 29, Warner: There are raised spots on the back or front of money.
30. Pregnant star: refers to the star who pays back the money every month.
3 1, backlight: no money to backlight plain text. No.32, coins: coin model, clay model, fan-shaped copper, iron, etc.
33. Such as money: hand-carved ivory, jade, wood and other materials and sample coins are exclusively for the emperor or higher authorities to decide. The Museum of Chinese History has the "Xianfeng Treasures" of Bohe Administration, engraved with 50 dates.
34. Sculpting mother: also known as Zuqian. Handboards are carved from materials such as coins, bronzes and tins. Qianjin fiber, the fuselage built with heavy money, is exquisite and extraordinary, which is rare in the world. Most of them are small perforations, commonly known as "golden mouths don't open". The earliest existing bronze engravings include Xuanzhi of Guobao Temple Coin Museum, cursive engraving of mother money, and "Jiajing Bao Tong" engraved mother money in Nanjing Museum in Ming Dynasty.
35, Qian Mama: It was cast directly by the female eagle, when the casting mode was rotated. Money is thin and heavy, and few people live in the world.
36. Iron Mother: Cast iron money turns mother's money into copper itself. Iron money is not a fine, it is a heavy penalty.
37. Iron model: Cast iron money and Zhu Fan are converted into coins. Generally, the amount of casting in court is very small.
38, such as money: trial casting and casting early money patterns, as a standard or casting money inspection and supervision.
39. Minister's Note: The central gate was made by two workers and presented to the local currency board as a standard sample for casting Qian Qian.
40. It is money: the money that the local bureau gives to the higher authorities to examine and test samples.
4 1, signed version: refers to the version of gold, silver, copper and other currencies engraved with English signatures. The signature of the Italian sculptor Giorgio Lu is usually on the surface edge of the written English abbreviation "L.GIORGI" or "L.G". Because rubbings are hard to find, it is obvious. There is only a small trial casting with souvenirs as gifts. You can see in the market that some of them are fakes.
42. About money: also known as "a book with one capital". China China's book writes about different bodies from children's money. The same person has different characters, sizes and thicknesses, while Guo, decoration and materials are different, but the fonts are different, which is the most.
43. qianzi: The round casting production line has a lot of money, but the degree of exquisiteness is not high. Very prominent.
44. Closing positions: refers to two superficial errors in casting money. They are two sides of money.
45. Occlusal surface: refers to the money invested by two fans being abused. Double entry is to get the money back.
46. Calendar shape: Money was negatively arranged around the Qin and Six Dynasties.
47. Direct reading: The order of money arrangement is up, down, left and right.
48. Rotating reading: Money is arranged in the order of right, down and left.
49. Anti-China: Money is against books.
50. Report: The graphic displacement of the front and back that money does not correspond to.
5 1, Chongwen: In this process, in the process of coinage, the so-called paper-overlapping or paper-overlapping phenomenon is formed due to the formation and repetition of double-moving characters or images.
52. Revolving: Return the money to the car rotation processor to "revolve" the texture turned inward from the edge and multiple concentric edges.
53. The surface of ancient coins unearthed in Shengkeng is seriously oxidized and the rust color is complex.
54. Pit cooked: refers to ancient coins handed down by people who have no land.
55, handed down from generation to generation: handed down to the world, ancient money is not the color of the surface of human soil, usually dark brown, shiny, black, also known as ancient times.
56. Mercury Ancient: A layer of silver oxide and mercury is exposed on the surface of the unearthed ancient coins, also known as rust.
57. Money: as a formal way to circulate coins.
58. Qian Ming: Ancient people died and were extremely rich, including shale, ceramics, lead, copper, gold, silver and so on.
59. Currency: common currency, currency-like substances with patterns or characters, and other unusual items.
60. Making money: it means to ward off evil spirits and seek happiness, and help suppress the misfortune of cursing money to cast a modeling clothing brand. It is the product of Chinese immortal thought, which originated in the Han Dynasty, and is also called Qian Ji.
6 1, no paper money: no words, only patterns of consumption patterns.
62. auspicious money: that is, auspicious information about investing money. Gifts and blessings, commemorative statues.
63. Hollow money: Money is spent on people through the air, as if it were rented from the corridor (actually investment).
64, lucky money: refers to the zodiac, gossip, money and other figures.
65. Buddha money: that is, casting Buddha statues and spending money in Buddhist language.
66. Chess money: Money refers to the special-shaped parts cast in ancient times.
67. Semen Strychni: A popular game in the Northern Song Dynasty is called "Magnus Play", in which money is cast on the name of a horse, or the name of a general is cast on the back of a horse, and so on.
68. Abnormal funds: refers to various abnormal expenditures, which are mainly used for seizure purposes.
Luo Hanqian: "Dragon and Phoenix Pattern" refers to the little actor whose word "Xi" was written as "Xi" during the reign of Kangxi, and the coin was "Qing", or the cloud monkey of Emperor Zhu Kangxi, whose coin stove lived long.
Station 70: A silver casting invaded by India and Britain is now called "British Trade Silver", with a face value of1000000, just like a woman standing behind with a halberd in her right hand and a shield in her left hand. We usually call it "stopping" and "stopping the outside world".
7 1, Angelababy: This year, 1823, the Mexican Republic was founded and started casting. After the Opium War, a large number of them gradually flowed in. The eagle pecks at one side of the snake pattern, and the other side looks like a crown and radiation. We are commonly known as "Eagle Ocean" and "Yang Mo".
72 rupees: Indian silver is an extremely complicated Indian currency. However, since the actor "Avatar" Silver Ruby of the British East India Company (starting from 1835), a unified standard has been formulated. From 1862 to 1945, the casting production line takes the king's head (chest) as the rupee of British India. King William IV is the "King of William IV" in the front row of English writing. There are two form-finding rings on the back. The diameter of "1 rupee" is 3 1mm, the weight is1/kloc-0, 9 1.70%, and the silver content is marked with "East India Company" and "Casting Year". After the Indian British occupation, China, Nepal and Bhutan attempted to occupy Tibet, and other countries imported a large number of rupees, so Tibet became a currency. Later, it was extended to Sichuan and Yunnan. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), in order to resist the rupee, the Qing government approved the imitation of Indian Rupee, England, to cast the "Ocean of Tibetan Areas in Sichuan". Wei wanted to replace the English word rupee at the back of Guangxu's head and put "Made in Sichuan" in another place. The silver content of 1 yuan coin is half that of San Qian's 30mm diameter. Ruby is known as Sichuan, Sichuan and Yunnan in the circulation field.
73. Before the investment in 1535, the Spanish silver dollar stopped at 182 1 with a high silver content of 93.7% between 90.2, which is different from other varieties in credit mode.
74. Material: refers to the currency used for casting, usually made of copper, gold, silver, iron, nickel, aluminum and lead.
75. Jiaozi: People noticed the Northern Song Dynasty. Song Zhenzong was issued in Sichuan, which is the earliest paper money in the world. Then there are the Northern Song Dynasty bills dominated by money, small bills, bills involving the sons of the Southern Song Dynasty, according to the wishes of the public and so on.
76. Dragon Map: The most common figure of coins in Qing Dynasty. The dragon sat there, the dragon stood there, the dragon, the head of the dragon bureau, the dragon of the Qing Dynasty.
77. Flower star: the star pattern on coins in the Qing Dynasty. Li Zixing, Mizi, Cross, Six-Star, Five-pointed Star, Big Satellite, Dot, Star and so on.
78. Pearl circle: a point composed of multiple circular figures. Usually between the center and the edge of a coin.
79, while saying: the periphery, the bright side, the tooth edge, and the mint side of other eagle ocean edges. The uniformity of narrow sidewalk is an important aspect to distinguish the authenticity of coins.
80. Sand table: Copper is cast by casting process. This mechanism also has non-bank products.
8 1, Kuping: gold and silver weight standard library in Qing Dynasty. In "Easy-to-Send Aluminum Core" written by Kangxi, the money of twelve special twenty-five in ancient times was 10 to twelve twenty-six Jin. Compiled weights and measures table and standard metal cubic inch gold balance. Kuping kg 37.301g. Later, the average difference between central and local libraries or at different times.
82. Factory Ping: During Guangxu period (A.D. 1884), a unit of Jilin General Administration of Customs minted standard silver coins. There are five kinds of money: two, five, seven and one. It's just a test shot. There's no cycle. Jilin was commonly called "shipyard" in the late Qing Dynasty, so the standard heavy silver casting was called "factory level". The average ex-factory kilogram is 35.86 grams.
83. Guangping: The level of libraries in Guangdong Province measures the use of standard units in Guangdong and Guangxi in the late Qing Dynasty. Guangdong library class 37.79 grams per double room.
84. Xiangping: The standard scale used in Xiangtan County, Hunan Province in the late Qing Dynasty, with 35.84 grams of silver per room. Since the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, more soldiers and military forces have been widely used in Hunan. Yin Xiangping said that after this promotion, Hunan Province involves the Yangtze River Basin and important commercial ports in Xinjiang. Xiangping kg is 36.65 grams.
85. Charity: Folk coins with small denominations or below are universal, commonly known as pennies.
86. Longyang: It was issued in the Qing Dynasty, so people call it Yang Long, because there are dragon patterns cast on silver or silver coins in various positions on the back.
87. Take the dragon as an example: the common dragon-shaped pattern of coins in China is led forward, showing an "S"-shaped zigzag body, which tends to be named as a seat.
88. Li Long: The dragon pattern commonly seen on coins in China, both of which represent the name of the country. In his early years, he entered the water dragon and dragon (water ripple).
89. Dragon: China minted coins with an ordinary dragon-shaped pattern, and named it the diving fly.
90. Hu Zilong: There is no difference between the commonly used silver plates and the Qing Xuan Tong. Asparagus is named because it is long and straight.
9 1, short beard dragon: There is no difference between the commonly used silver version and Xuan Tong. Named after asparagus is short and straight.
92. Dragon: There is no difference between the commonly used silver plates. Because asparagus is independent and bends around the name.
93. Big Long Mei: There is no difference between the commonly used silver plates and the Qing Xuan Tong. Wang's asparagus tail, named after as many as 12, extends into the clouds.
94. Anti-length: There is no difference between the commonly used silver version and Xuan Tong. Tail, Longyou turned into an anti-S-shape, hence the name.
95. Yuan Datou: After the success of the revolution, the RMB Republic of China awakened the President. In order to resist the external flood of Yin and Yang, the Ministry of Finance issued the Silver Festival in China on February 8, the third year of the Republic of China (A.D. 19 14), because the crew was named as the "Regulations on Foreign Exchange Control of the Republic of China" and was known as Yuan Datou by the people.
96. Sun Xiaotou:1After the capital of Nanjing was invested by the National Government in 928, the national currency also issued a regulation to continue to issue currency based on the silver standard. But the national government has only one kind of silver containing 23.49 grams of dollars. Silver dollar casting is slightly smaller than "Yuan Datou", and the silver content is also lower. Because of the head of Sun Yat-sen, it is called "looking up".
97. Chuanyang: A silver coin minted by Nanjing National Government from 2/kloc-0 to 25 years in the Republic of China was named after Dr. Sun Yat-sen and named after a sailboat with a reverse front pattern. ..
98. Legal tender: In 24 years (1935), the central government ordered the Kuomintang and the three major domestic banks to issue paper money and provide these paper money as legal tender, which is called "legal tender".
99. Pottery: In Manchuria, a country where copper coins were circulated, there were two kinds of coins, "one cent" and "fifteen" on the central hole and reddish-brown surface. At other times, ceramic credit is mostly money.
100, Gold Ring Volume: Jinyuan is the currency issued by the Kuomintang government in Chinese mainland. From the issue of 1948 in August to the withdrawal of circulation of 1949 in July, the depreciation has more than doubled in about ten months. In the early Jin and Yuan dynasties, the administrative measure was to send the government to force private gold and foreign currency exchange services. Since there is no problem, strict restrictions have caused hyperinflation and the economy has fallen into chaos. 1949. In April and May, after Nanjing and Shanghai were captured by the People's Liberation Army, the National Government moved to Guangzhou and continued to issue gold coins, but their value was close to paper. On July 3, the Guangzhou government announced that it would stop issuing gold coins and replace them with silver dollar coupons. It ended the short history of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties.
10 1, silver dollar coupons: silver dollar coupons are short-lived, and the value of the old silver dollar standard issued by the Kuomintang government in Chinese mainland almost replaced paper gold RMB 1949. 1949. In April and May, Nanjing and Shanghai were captured by the People's Liberation Army. On May 4th, the Executive Yuan moved to Guangzhou and began to discuss this issue. On the 7th of the same month, the Guangzhou Municipal Government announced that the temporary tax would be changed to silver dollars. At that time, the value of gold and RMB was close to paper, and private transactions were more common in silver dollars or foreign currencies, which was also a small barter trade. On July 4, the Executive Yuan promulgated the Measures for the Issuance of Silver Dollars and Silver Dollar Certificates in Guangzhou, resuming the issuance of new silver dollars or silver dollars, and using silver-based silver dollar currency for government transactions. 1 yuan is exchanged for silver (including 23.4448 grams of silver), and there is no limit to the exchange of silver dollar coupons. Jin Yuan is equivalent to RMB 500 million yuan, which is exchanged with silver dollar coupon 1 yuan, only in September 1. The denomination of the first edition of silver dollar coupons is 1, 5,10,50, 100 yuan. Because of the record of legal tender and Jinyuan, the political situation deteriorated. Although there is unlimited exchange of silver dollars to ensure the devaluation of silver dollar coupons, there is still an inescapable fate. On July 17, Xinhua News Agency didn't receive the statement that silver dollar coupons were only issued in southwest China after liberation. Immediate silver dollar depreciation coupon. In Guangzhou, in response to the immediate depreciation of the Hong Kong dollar, the Guangzhou government banned the circulation of foreign currency, but without results. After many times of robbing and redeeming silver dollar coupons. Due to the lack of bank reserves, the exchange of silver dollars was restricted in August, and the public confidence in silver dollar coupons collapsed and the value plummeted. 1949 in the second half of the year, the Guangzhou War, the liberation of the southwest, and the silver dollar coupons also withdrew from circulation.
102, appearance: money itself is expressed by color, which is generally divided into ten grades: new (unused), beautiful goods, beauty products, top-grade beauty products, top-grade near, top-grade, and low-grade products. The advantages of coin-operated goods have a direct impact on the size of coins.