"If you realize the past and don't remonstrate, you can pursue what you know. It's not far from being lost "means: realize that the mistakes of the past are irreparable, and know that there is still time to remedy the future." It's really lost. It's probably not far away.
Source: Wei and Jin Dynasties Tao Yuanming's
Original text:
Yu Jia is poor, and farming is not enough for self-sufficiency. Naive surplus room, bottle without millet, born with information, not seen its skills. More relatives and friends advised Yu to be a long-term official, but he was pregnant and sought the road. There will be things in all directions, and the princes will take love as their virtue, and my uncle will be poor, so I will use it in a small town. At that time, the storm was not quiet, and he was afraid of going far away. Peng Ze went home for a hundred miles, and the benefits of the public land were enough for wine. So I asked for it. And a few days later, there is a feeling of returning to the country as soon as possible. What is it? Nature is natural, and it is not obtained by correction. Although hunger and freezing are cut, it is against your own illness. Everyone who tastes from personnel is self-serving. So I was disappointed and generous, and I was deeply ashamed of my lifelong ambition. I still look forward to a glimpse, and when I gather my clothes, I will die overnight. Xuncheng's younger sister died in Wuchang, and she was relieved of her post. Mid-autumn to winter, in the official more than eighty days. Because things are going well, the life article is called "Return to Xi". B is four years old in November.
Going back and forth, will the countryside ruin Hu Bugui? Since the heart is the form of service, is it sad and sad? If you don't remonstrate with the past, you can pursue what you know. It's not far from being lost, and I feel that today is not yesterday. The boat is far away, and the wind is blowing. Ask the husband the way before, hate the dawn.
I am looking forward to Heng Yu, carrying joy and running. The servant is welcome, and the child is waiting for the door. Three paths are barren, and pine chrysanthemums still exist. Bring young children into the room, and there will be wine bottles. Lead the pot to think for yourself, and let the court be happy. Leaning against the south window to send pride, judging the ease of knees. Garden days involve fun, although the door is set and often closed. Help the elderly to rest, and correct their heads when they are far away. Clouds come out of the cave unintentionally, and birds know when they are tired of flying. The scenery is going to enter, and it is lonely and lingering.
I'm coming back, so please leave it to me. The world is contrary to me, so what can I ask for? Pleasing the love words of relatives, playing music and books to eliminate worries. The farmer told Yu Yichun that he would have something to do with Xichou. Or a towel truck, or a boat. It's not only a gentle and graceful way to find a gully, but also a rugged way to pass through the hills. Mu xinxin is thriving, and the spring begins to flow. When all things are good, I feel that my trip to life is over.
that's enough! How long will it take to get back in the space? Do you want to stay or not? What does Hu Wei want? Wealth is not my wish, and the emperor's hometown cannot be expected. When you are pregnant, you can go alone or plant a stick. Deng Donggao wrote poems with Shu Xiao and Lin Qingliu. Chat and ride to the end, Loew's destiny is ridiculous!
Translation:
My family is poor, and farming is not self-sufficient. There are many children, there is no food in the rice jar, and everything needed to maintain life is not solved. Most of my relatives and friends advised me to be an official, and I had the same idea in my heart, but I lacked access to the official. Just in time to catch up with officials who have sent envoys out, local officials cherish talents as their virtue, and my uncle was appointed as an official in a small county because of my poor family (trying to help me). At that time, the society was in turmoil, and I was afraid to be an official far away. Pengze county was a hundred miles away from home, and the grain harvested by the farm was enough to make wine to drink, so he asked to go there. After a few days, I felt homesick for my hometown. Why is that? Nature is allowed to be natural, which is reluctant; Although hunger and cold are urgent, it hurts both physically and mentally to be an official against one's original intention. In the past, when I worked for an official, I used to treat myself for eating. So I was disappointed and deeply ashamed of my life's wishes. Just wait another year, then pack up and leave overnight. Soon, my sister who married the Cheng family died in Wuchang. She was as anxious to mourn as a galloping horse, and asked to be removed from her official position. From the second month of autumn to winter, I have been working for more than eighty days. I resigned and got my wish, so I wrote an article entitled "Going Back and Coming". At this time, it was November of the third year of B (the first year of Yi Xi of Jin 'an Emperor).
go home! The countryside is going to be deserted, why not go back? Since you make your heart driven by your body, why should you be disappointed and sad alone? Realize that the mistakes of the past are irreversible, and know that there is still time to remedy the future. It's probably not far to go astray, and I have realized that the present practice is right and the previous behavior is wrong. The boat floated gently on the water, and the breeze blew the clothes. Ask pedestrians about the road ahead, but it's a pity that it's just dawn.
I just saw my humble home, and I was so happy that I ran over. The boy servant came to meet him with joy, and the children waited in front of the door or in the yard. The path in the yard is going to be deserted, and the pine trees and chrysanthemums are still growing there; I took the children into the house, and the wine was already full of wine bottles. I picked up the hip flask and poured it myself, watching the court tree show a happy look; Leaning against the south window, I trust my pride, knowing that this small place is easy to make me feel at ease. Walking in the garden every day (alone) becomes fun, and the door of the small garden is often closed; Take a walk with crutches and always look up at the distance. White clouds naturally float out of the mountain peaks, and tired birds know to fly back to their nests; The sun is dim, and the sun is about to set. I can't bear to leave, and my hand caresses the solitary pine.
go home! Let me cut off friends with the outside world. Everything about them doesn't agree with my interests. What do you want to pursue by driving out? Talking with relatives and friends makes me happy, and playing the piano and reading can make me forget my sadness; The farmer told me the news that spring had arrived, and he was going to farm in the west. Sometimes driving a car with a tarpaulin, sometimes rowing a boat, not only to explore the deep ravine, but also to walk through the rugged hills. Trees are thriving, springs are flowing slowly, and I envy everything in the season of prosperity and growth, lamenting that my life is coming to an end.
forget it! How long can the body rest between heaven and earth? Why not follow one's inclinations and let nature live and die? Why are you upset? Where else do you want to go? Wealth is not what I want, and there is no hope of ascending to the celestial world. Cherish the beautiful scenery, and I will enjoy it alone, or I will use my crutches to weed and cultivate; Climbing the eastern hillside, I screamed loudly and sang poems by the clear stream; Let's just follow the changes of nature and reach the end of life. Happy life, what is there to doubt?
Creation background:
In the first year of Yi Xi, Emperor An of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (45), Tao Yuanming abandoned his official position and returned to the field to write "Going Back to Xi Ci". Tao Yuanming began to be an official at the age of 29 and served as an official for thirteen years. He has always hated officialdom and yearned for the countryside. When he was 41 years old in the first year of Yixi, he made his last official appointment, and after more than 8 days of pengze county's order, he resigned and went home. I never came out to be an official again. According to Biography of Tao Qian in Song Dynasty and Biography of Tao Yuanming in Xiao Tong, Tao Yuanming retired out of dissatisfaction with decadent reality. At that time, a Du You from the county visited Penze, and officials asked him to greet him with a belt as a sign of respect. He said angrily: "I don't want to bend over to the village children for five buckets of rice!" " On the same day, I hung up my crown and left my post, and I gave "Going home and coming to Xi Ci" to clarify my mind.
Tao Yuanming offered a toast to the state from the 18th year of Emperor Taiyuan (393), and served as a magistrate of Pengze County in the first year of Yixi. During the thirteen years, he had been an official several times and retired several times. Tao Yuanming had political ambitions, but the political society at that time was extremely dark. In the second year of Emperor Yuan Xing of Jin 'an (43), Huan Xuan, a warlord, usurped Jin and called himself Emperor Chu. In the third year of Yuanxing (44), another warlord, Emperor Wu of Song, set out to beg for Huan and entered Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the first year of Yixi (45), Emperor Wu of Song completely manipulated the military and political power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At this time, it was only fifteen years since Huan Xuan usurped Jin. Accompanied by these usurpations, there are countless massacres of dissidents and unjust wars. Tao Yuanming loves freedom by nature, and at that time, the official atmosphere was extremely corrupt, flattering the superior and arrogant, running amok and sweeping the floor with shame. An upright scholar had no place in the political society at that time, let alone realize his ideal and ambition. After thirteen years of twists and turns, Tao Yuanming finally realized this point completely. The fundamental opposition between Tao Yuanming's character and political society doomed his final choice-seclusion.
Appreciation:
This article, written at the beginning of the author's resignation, describes his life interest and inner feelings after his resignation and retirement, shows his understanding of officialdom and his thinking about life, and expresses his spiritual sentiment of leading an honest and clean life and not being in cahoots with others. By describing specific scenes and activities, the works create a quiet, comfortable, cheerful and natural artistic conception, and entrust his life ideal. The language is simple, expressive, ingenious and free from nature, sincere feelings, far-reaching artistic conception and strong appeal. The structural arrangement is rigorous and thorough, the prose preface focuses on narration, and the verse and fu are full of lyricism, each of which performs its own duties and becomes a "double beauty" trend.
It is an excellent essay with an orderly speech. From "I am poor in my family" to "I seek it because of my family poverty", I briefly describe my tortuous experience of becoming an official because of my family poverty. Among them, "relatives and friends advised Yu to be a long official, but he was pregnant", and "Peng Ze went home for a hundred miles, and the benefit of the public land was enough for wine, so he asked for it", writing the joyful yearning that he once had when he was an official in the past, which shows the honesty of the poet's nature. From the second half of "Ji Shao Ri" to "Yi Si Ye in November", write down the reasons why I decided to abandon my official position and return to the field. "The nature is natural, but the income is not excessive", which is the fundamental reason for abandoning officials. After several official careers, the poet knows that to be an official for "self-service" is to lose oneself and "deeply ashamed of his lifelong ambition". Therefore, "hunger and freezing are cut", and we are never willing to "go against ourselves and get sick". Although the language is gentle, the will is as strong as stone, and there is no turning back. As for the "self-dismissal" due to the loss of my sister, it is only a superficial reason. Preface is a reflection on the road of the first half of life. Ci is Yuan Ming's imagination and yearning for a new life when he left the officialdom.
"Go back and come back, and the countryside will ruin Hu Bugui!" Starting two sentences is like a blow to yourself, which shows the great enlightenment of life. In the poet's deep consciousness, pastoral is the root of human life and the symbol of free life. Pastoral ruin means the loss of roots and freedom. Going back and forth is the call of the countryside. It is also the call of the poet's nature. "Since the heart is the form of service, I am sad and sad." That is to say, I have made my heart driven by my body. Since I have brought it on myself, why should I be disappointed and sad alone? Let bygones be bygones. The poet's attitude towards life is solid. "If you don't remonstrate with the past, you can chase after those who know it. It' s not far from being lost, and I feel that today is not yesterday. " The past is irreversible, but the future can be grasped. It is not too late to retire. This "enlightenment", "knowledge" and "awareness" shows that the poet has grasped himself and gained a new life. "The boat is far away, and the wind is fluttering and blowing clothes. Ask the recruiter the way forward and hate the dawn. " These four sentences are filled with joy when the poet imagines going home by land and water. The lightness of the boat, the wind blowing clothes, can see the relief of abandoning the official. When the morning dawns, I hate not seeing the road, and then I see anxious to return returning home. This is going out of the cage to freedom. Even the land line asks pedestrians, and that little thing is really gratifying.
"I am looking forward to Heng Yu, carrying joy and running. The servant is welcome, and the child is waiting for the door. " A 41-year-old poet is still so naive when he runs for joy at the sight of his home. The servant greeted him with joy, because the poet regarded him as "the son of man" and "met him well" (Xiao Tong's Biography of Tao Yuanming). The children greeted them at the door, because dad was with them from now on. From this grand welcome arrangement, the image of the poet's wife can be seen. "His wife, Zhai Shi, can also be diligent and work hard with his comrades" (ibid.). Behind the cheering children is her quiet and happy smile. "Three paths are barren, and pine chrysanthemums still exist. Bring young children into the room, and there are wine bottles. " Seeing that the path that seclusion often takes is desolate, the poet's heart suddenly welled up with regret for straying into his official career; It is only the pine chrysanthemum proudly in the barren path that makes the poet gratified that his nature still exists. Bring the young into the room, and see that his wife is caring for the young and capable and virtuous. There is a bottle of wine, which is clearly a warmth of his wife. What a warm family, this is the guarantee of seclusion. "Lead the pot to the action, and the court can be happy. Lean against the south window to be proud, and judge the ease of your knees. " Drink heartily, humble room is easy to settle down, and write about the poet's contentment. If you squint at Tingke and lean on the south window proudly, you will be lonely and proud of the poet.
"Garden days are fun, but the doors are always closed. Help the elderly to rest, and correct their heads when they are far away. " The poet's soul and life have been isolated from the secular world and open to nature. Walking in the garden every day is fun. Walking or resting on crutches, always looking up from afar, only the vast nature can accommodate the poet's pride. "Clouds have no intention to go out of the cave, and birds are tired of flying and know it. The scenery is going to enter, and it is lonely and lingering. " The description of these four sentences is obviously profound. Ye Mengde in Song Dynasty commented on two sentences in "Summer Stories": "This is the origin of Tao Yuanming. There is such a situation in the chest, and it cannot be said for this. " The cloud "goes out unintentionally" and the bird "flies wearily" and "knows to return", which is indeed a metaphor for the poet's mental journey from being an official to retiring. Qing Tao Shu commented on "Collection of Mr. Jingjie" with two sentences: "Min Jinzuo will come to an end, knowing that it is too late, thinking about hiding in the valley, staying out of chaos, and getting all the festivals that will fade later." The sun is dim, and the sun will set in the west. Whether it is pity for Jin Zuo or not, regardless of it, wandering alone is obviously a symbol of the poet's ambition of Geng Jie. In this speech, the words "Songju", "Tingke" and "Solitary Pine" are three compliments in one article. "Come back to Xi, please rest assured that you will never swim. The world is contrary to me, and I am asking for it. " Poets are out of place with the secular world, so what do you want when you travel? "Yue relatives love words, music books to eliminate worries. The farmer told Yu Yichun that something would happen in Xichou. " How sweet and true it is for farmers to talk about crops. I can't hear the annoying words of "seeing the official" anymore. In addition to the piano book coke, nature is also a wonderful book that can't be read, not to mention the spring full of hope. "Or life towel car, or a boat. It is not only awkward to find a gully, but also rugged and hilly. "
driving by boat, going deep into the mountains and rivers, deep and secluded mountain roads and rugged mountain roads all make people full of interest. "The wood is thriving, and the spring is beginning to flow. When all things are good, I feel that my trip to life is over. " Nature is full of vitality and rhythm, which makes people feel excited and depressed. Everything is flourishing, just as you are young, and yourself is nearly old. "It's already gone, how long will it take to form a space? If you don't care to stay or stay, Hu Wei will do whatever he wants. " Examining the limitation of life, the more valuable freedom is. There are not many years to live, so why not follow your wishes, and why do you need to seek outside? "Wealth is not my wish, and the emperor's hometown cannot be expected." The land of the emperor is the land of immortals, which refers to the immortal world in Taoism, but it can also refer to the pure land in the West in Buddhism. Wealth and fame are not my wish, and the other side of the world is not credible. From this, we can see through Yuan Ming's philosophy of life. He not only denied the secular political society, but also abandoned the other side of religion. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, when the scholar-bureaucrat was keen on official posts and the Buddha and the old prevailed, its realm was not brilliant. His attitude towards life is serious and secular. He wants to find the meaning of life and realize the value of life in his own life. "When you are pregnant, you will go alone, or you will plant a stick. Deng Donggao wrote poems with Shu Xiao and Lin Qingliu. " These four sentences are a concentrated description of the poet's ideal life. When the weather is fine, you will travel, when you are busy with farming, you will scream when you climb high, and you will write poems when you are near the water. Labor, nature and humanity constitute the poet's full life. "Talk and ride to the end, Love's destiny is doubtful." Concluding two sentences is a high generalization of the poet's philosophy of life. "The Book of Changes" says: "Lotte know life is not worried." Culture and destiny all refer to the way of nature. Let your life always conform to the way of nature, that is, realize the meaning of life, which is enough to be happy, which is happiness, and what doubts are there! This is beyond the realm, but also down-to-earth.
Going Back to Xi Ci is a lyric poem in poetic style. The source of ci style is Chu Ci, especially Li Sao. The realm of "Songs of the South" is a tragic realm of enthusiastic use of the world. The realm of "Going Back to Xi Ci" is the transcendence of retiring and avoiding the world.