Poetry, Ci, Song and Fu
"Poetry, Ci, Song and Fu" generally refers to a style that can be recited, but when subdivided, it has its own characteristics.
In ancient times, poetic discord was regarded as "poetry", while harmony was regarded as "song". Poetry can be divided into ancient poetry, modern poetry and modern poetry (new poetry). Classical poetry refers to the poems before the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. Its sentence pattern is relatively free, and it doesn't pay attention to antithesis and rhyme. Modern poetry refers to metrical poems and quatrains formed in the Tang Dynasty, including arrangement, which have strict requirements on the number of words, sentence patterns, meter and rhyme. Modern poetry refers to relatively free poetry written in modern Chinese, which can express feelings and eulogize life as needed.
Words are developed from poems, and there is a saying that "words are outside poems", which is filled according to the level, number of words and number of sentences specified by a epigraph, so writing words is also called "filling words". It requires strict rules and regulations, and those with less than 58 words are called "Xiao Ling"; Fifty-nine to ninety words are called "middle tone", and more than ninety-one words are called "long tone".
In ancient times, songs were called "songs" because of chorus, and later they were often called "poems" together with poems. In addition, it also refers to a certain type of poetry, such as "nursery rhymes", "folk songs", "folk songs" and "love songs". They can be read and appreciated like poetry, and they can also be sung in music.
Fu is a style with the characteristics of both poetry and prose. It is characterized by laying out things, emphasizing literary color and using flowery words. The title of "Fu", known as "Ancient Fu" in Han Dynasty, is long, and questions and answers are often used to express the contents of the article. In the Six Dynasties, the names of "Pai Fu" and "Parallel Fu" emphasized parallel couples; The word "law fu" in Tang and Song Dynasties is imperial examination, which pays attention to format and is neat in confrontation.
(Zhou Huibin China Middle School Student NewspaperNo. 10 14)
-
/bbs/dispbbs.asp？ BoardID = 34 & ampid= 1 1 19
Classical Poetry, Ci, Qu, Fu and Feng —— Brief Introduction
1. Types of classical poetry: According to genre, there are classical poems (including Yuefu songs) and modern poems. In the Tang dynasty, the poetic style produced in the previous generation was called ancient poetry, and the new poetic style produced in the Tang dynasty was called modern poetry. According to the number of words in each sentence (one word is one word), there are five words, seven words and miscellaneous poems. Combining the number of words and genre, there are five-character archaism and seven-character archaism; Five-character parent, seven-character parent. Modern poetry includes two kinds: regular poems and quatrains, namely five-character regular poems and seven-character regular poems; Five-character quatrains, seven-character quatrains. Classical Poetry: This is a poetic style relative to modern poetry (metrical poetry). Generally speaking, the poems before the Tang Dynasty are collectively referred to as archaic style, also known as archaic style, which is relatively free in rhyme, can level rhyme, balance each other, and can turn rhyme to rhyme; There is a difference between ping and ping, but they are not very particular about it, and they don't talk about phonology; Occasionally, there is a strict antithesis, which can be divided and dispersed. The antithesis position is not fixed, and it is inevitable to use the same word if it is not neat. The number of words can be five words, seven words, four words, three words, five or seven miscellaneous words, three or seven miscellaneous words, three or seven miscellaneous words and so on. But five words are the most commonly used. In short, classical poetry does not have strict rules and regulations like modern poetry, and generally requires two rhymes when using rhyme. Modern Poetry: This poetic style mainly rose in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty, Shen Quanqi and Song created metrical poems, which promoted the formation of metrical poems. Modern poetry has been popular for a long time since the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Also known as metrical poetry.
Secondly, Ci is an important genre of China's ancient poetry. Originally called Quzi Ci, Quzi, Quzi, or Zaqu, Ququ, Qinqu, long and short sentences, poetry, language industry, music movement, etc. It was called Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty. Ci is a kind of poem with music. It is a song written according to a certain score, so the lyrics are also called "lyrics" Words are rhythmic and easy to sing, so some people call them "Yuefu". In fact, it also evolved from ancient Yuefu. Song Xiangfeng, a poet in A Qing, said in Yue Fu Lun: "During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Ci and Qu became one. The principle of writing as a word. Take sound as a song. " The tunes of Ci come from a wide range of sources, some from foreign music, frontier folk music, some from central plains folk songs, and some from the production of scribes or musicians. The melody used in ci is fresh and smooth, which appeared in the Tang Dynasty and formed a new verse genre in the late Tang Dynasty, which was very popular in the Song Dynasty.
Third; Qu is a popular style in Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Also known as "Ci" and "Yuefu". Qu is a harmonious poem. It also belongs to a kind of verse. Qu, like Ci, is originally a poem with music. After all, characters are written in a crooked way, just like words. Songs and words are restricted by metrical rules, but in some ways they are more free than word-making. Generally speaking, the length of a song is smaller than the length of a word, and it is often monotonous. On the one hand, songs should be accompanied by music and sung according to certain tunes, and each tune belongs to a certain palace tune. The rhyme of songs has an independent system, and the use of tones is also very strict. The rhyme book used in the Northern Song Dynasty is mainly the Rhyme of the Central Plains written by Zhou Deqing in the Yuan Dynasty, while the Southern Song Dynasty is based on Zheng Yun, Hongwu in the early Ming Dynasty. Like the lyrics, the former has "Qupai" and the latter has epigrams.
Fourthly, Fu poetry is a creative form between poetry and prose, which is closer to poetry, and it is a creative form combining poetry and prose. Ban Gu's Preface to Two Cities says: "The giver also flows ancient poems." Fu style prevailed in Han Dynasty, which evolved on the basis of The Book of Songs and Songs of the South. Its writing features are laying stress on facts, sorting beautiful words and paying more attention to the pursuit of gorgeous words. Fu, unlike poetry, is generally unpleasant to listen to. Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi says, "recite without singing". For example, Song Yu is also a famous fu writer, who wrote fu articles by Xunzi (* * * 10, with 5 existing articles). He is the author of Feng Fu, Gao, Goddess Fu and Lothario Fu. After the Han Dynasty, Fu Feng prevailed. Fu is mostly written in parallel prose with irregular syntax and often rhymes. The Fu family liked to use obscure words, and later Fu used classics. According to the different development of Fu, later generations divided it into four types: ancient Fu, Nuo Fu, literary Fu and law Fu.
Fifthly, wind is a genre in The Book of Songs, that is, local wind and folk songs, including folk music lyrics of eleven countries in the Western Zhou Dynasty or the Spring and Autumn Period, collectively referred to as fifteen national winds. The national style reflects all aspects of social life in the Zhou Dynasty. The "Grand Preface" in The Book of Songs says: the wind and frost are above, and the wind thorn is below (irony), and the main text admonishes. The speaker is innocent, and those who smell it are warned, so they say the wind. "
-
/question/38 12676.html
/bbs/display.asp？ lb = 15 & amp； title_id=65839
/Gao hkf/WangYouZaJi/hubugui . htm