1: Sun Scene Positioning System
Before the invention of the compass, people used the sun scene to locate it in ancient times. The tool for measuring the sun scene was Sun Gui. At noon local time, the sun scene pointed to the direction due south and north of the earth.
2: Star Positioning System
In hundreds of thousands of years, the position of the Big Dipper is very close to the orientation of the North Pole of the Earth, so the square of the earth can be determined by taking the Big Dipper as a reference.
III: Geomagnetic Positioning System
The earth is a huge magnetic field with relatively stable characteristics. Geomagnetic positioning is to determine the magnetic orientation of the ground plane by using the principle of homopolar repulsion and heteropolar attraction between the magnetic needle and the earth's magnetic field. Geomagnetic positioning instruments include compass, theodolite and electronic compass. The compass used in geomancy is actually a kind of compass. Its advantage is that it can directly measure the magnetic azimuth. Theodolite is a precise angle measuring instrument, and the compass is needed to determine the initial azimuth when measuring the square position with theodolite. All geomagnetic measuring and positioning instruments are easily disturbed by magnetic substances and influenced by abnormal changes of the earth's magnetic field. Since the advent of the compass, the orientation used in geomancy has been based on the magnetic orientation.
4: Gyroscope positioning system
uses the principle that the gyro rotates at high speed and its central axis will never change direction to measure the relative orientation. It does not depend on magnetic field for positioning, and has the highest measurement accuracy, so it can be used in all occasions. The positioning system of spacecraft, supersonic aircraft and missiles is gyroscope. Disadvantages are high price, high maintenance cost, and it can only be used to measure magnetic azimuth by using the standard magnetic azimuth calibration at the measuring location.
five: satellite positioning system
determines the position of the same place on the earth by comparing the measurements of several satellites (usually three) at the same time. Although the satellite locator is powerful, the measurement accuracy of the current satellite locator is not very high. It can't be used for high-precision measurement, and of course it can't be used for geomancy.
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