I. Synonyms and antonyms of intervals
Idioms have the interval of synonyms and antonyms. Such as "colorful", "infighting", "far from near", "red-faced", "love leisure and hate labor", "self-sacrifice", "anticlimactic", "fearless" and "coming and going in a hurry".
If we can understand the meaning of the same two morphemes, then its overall meaning will be clear. When learning this kind of idioms, we should be good at classifying and analyzing the synonymous or antonym relations of these idioms, and make clear the meaning of key morphemes.
Second, the former is dispersed and then overlapped.
This is also a major feature of idiom structure. Generally speaking, the meanings of these idioms overlap. Such as "in full view" and "eyeing". "travel-stained", "famous", "well dressed" and so on. The whole meaning of this idiom is "many people are watching with their eyes wide open". Therefore, when learning this kind of idioms, we should focus on the understanding of their overlapping.
Third, the former overlaps and the latter disperses.
This structural idiom also means overlapping. Such as "graceful expression", "Kan Kan talks", "more than enough", "ready to move", "out of place" and "lifelike". The key to this idiom is to understand that the reduplication "Yan Yan" means "chattering".
Fourth, double overlapping type.
This is a special idiom structure, which is mainly manifested in the fact that the meanings of the first two morphemes are equivalent to those of the last two morphemes. Such as "passive Nuo Nuo", "various", "bustling", "trembling", "furtive" and so on. When learning this kind of idioms, you only need to understand the meaning of the first and third morphemes.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) "ran"
The word "ran" structure is also a major feature of idiom structure. The word "ran" is in the position of the second morpheme of idioms, such as "awe", "noise", "blatant disregard" and "suddenly enlightened".
The meanings of these idioms focus on the first two morphemes. Such as "uproar" and "blatant disregard", if we understand that "uproar" is high-spirited and "blatant" is outrageous, then "uproar" and "disregard" are not difficult to understand.
Basic characteristics of idioms
I. Structural fixity
The components and structural forms of idioms are fixed, and it is generally impossible to change or increase or decrease morphemes at will. For example, "cold lips and teeth" cannot be changed to "cold lips and teeth", "cold lips and teeth". "No ink in the chest" cannot be added as "No ink in the chest". In addition, the word order in idioms is fixed and cannot be changed at will.
Second, the integrity of meaning.
Idioms are holistic in meaning. Its meaning is often not the simple addition of its component meanings, but the overall meaning further summarized on the basis of its component meanings. "For example," Smith "is ostensibly" the power of the tiger ",but in fact it is" bullying people by relying on the power of others "and so on.
Thirdly, the diversity of grammatical functions.
From the perspective of Chinese grammar, Chinese idioms are equivalent to a phrase in a sentence. Because phrases can act as different components in sentences, the grammatical functions of idioms are also varied. There are various forms of Chinese idioms, including four-character idioms, five-character idioms, six-character idioms, seven-character idioms and eight-character idioms, among which four-character idioms are the main form of Chinese idioms.
Fourth, elegant style.
Idioms usually come from ancient documents or proverbs, and their styles are solemn and elegant.