Classicall epic
A long narrative poem describing heroic legends and major historical events. Epic shǐshī is a solemn literary genre whose content is folklore or long narrative poems praising the achievements of heroes. The themes it involves may include historical events, nations, religions or legends.
alliteration Alliteration (that is, the initial letters of a group of words)
Alliteration (Alliteration) is an important term in stylistics, a branch of English linguistics. Alliteration is one of the rhetorical devices of English speech. It contains the musical beauty and neat beauty of language, making the language blend sound and emotion, sound and meaning, and has strong expressiveness and appeal.
Alliteration plays an important role in English. It is called alliteration, also called initial rhyme, or head rhyme, which is transformed from the Latin phrase ad literal (according to letters). It means that the first letters of two or more words are the same, forming a pleasant pronunciation. The most common Some alliterative phrases include: first and foremost, (with) might and main, saints and sinners, (in) weal and (or) woe disaster). If we go back to the origin, I am afraid that the alliteration technique can be traced back to the Old English period. Around the fifth century, Anglo-Saxon invaders brought the Anglo-Saxon language, the basis of Modern English, to the English, and perhaps even then a new kind of poetry. The main feature of the form is the frequent use of alliteration. In alliteration, only the first part or the first phoneme of the first consonant group is the same. If the first part is completely missing, then the main vowel can only be the same. Alliteration is a means of enhancing the sense of rhythm within a line and is a rhythmic auxiliary factor. This is also an important manifestation of English's pursuit of formal beauty and phonological beauty.
medieval romance Medieval, medieval (era) romance
The meaning of "romance": romance is the transliteration of the English word romance. The so-called romance refers to a kind of legendary literature popular in Europe's feudal society before the bourgeois revolution. This is a kind of unrealistic, feudal literature.
The political role of "romance" is to use an "ideal" world to whitewash reality in order to consolidate the rule of the feudal class. After the 18th century, with the emergence of realist novels, this legendary literature gradually declined, but it still affects the creation of European and American writers to this day. At the same time, the word "romantic" also comes from this, meaning "romantic, legendary".
14-line poem
Sonnet, also translated as "Shang Lai style", is the transliteration of Italian sonetto, English Sonnet and French sonnet. A European lyric style with strict rhythm. Initially popular in Italy, Petrarch's creation made it perfect, also known as "Petrarchan style", and later spread to various European countries. It consists of two quatrains and two three-line stanzas, each line has 11 syllables, and the rhyme scheme is ABBA, ABBA, CDE, CDE or ABBA, ABBA, CDC, CDC. The other type is called "Shakespearean" or "Elizabethan", which consists of three quatrains and two lines of couplets, each line has 10 syllables, and the rhyme pattern is ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GG.
Purtanism should be "puritanism", right? It means Puritanism (Puritan customs, Puritanism; Puritan-style living standards,)
Puritanism originated in England and was practiced and developed in the North American colonies. Its core concepts of justification by faith, the idea of ??vocation, and the city on the mountain, although they constitute the elements of religious behavioral norms, have to a large extent played a role in dissolving the mainstream church tradition that restricts people's thoughts and behaviors, and promoted the secularization of society. The process, in early America, promoted the liberation of individuality, contributed to the establishment of modern concepts of labor, occupation and wealth, and used religious ideals to outline the goals that the country would pursue in the future. They laid the foundation for the values ??of mainstream American culture (WASP) today and created the American national identity.
Classicism
Classicism (Le Classicisme) was a literary trend popular in Western Europe, especially France, in the 17th century. This trend is the product of a specific historical period and is called "classicism" because it takes ancient Greek and Roman literature as its models and models in literary theory and creative practice. As a literary and artistic trend, classicism was popular in Europe for almost two centuries, and it did not end until the rise of romantic literature and art in the early 19th century. It was most popular and most developed in France in the 17th century. The political foundation of French classicism is the centralized monarchy, and the philosophical foundation is Descartes' rationalism theory. Classicism emphasizes imitating ancient times in creation and theory, advocates using national standard language, creating in accordance with prescribed creative principles (such as the three unities of drama), and pursuing artistic perfection.
Gothic novel Gothic novel
Gothic novel, belonging to the English literary genre, is a type of thrilling and mysterious novels in Western popular literature. It is generally believed to have originated with Horace Walpole's "The Castle of Otranto." Gothic novels can be said to be the originators of horror movies. More importantly, they enable us to associate Gothic with darkness and horror today. Significant elements of Gothic novels include horror, mystery, supernatural, doom, death, decadence, old houses inhabited by ghosts, madness, family curses, etc.
Passive or Escapist Romanticists are passive or escapist romantics, that is, passive romantics. This can be explained in connection with
Active Romanticists:
There are two opposing schools of thought in Romanticism, namely active romanticism and negative romanticism. The former is a progressive trend, which guides people to look forward, while the latter is a reactionary countercurrent, which guides people to look backward. This difference is essentially two completely different responses to the French Revolution and the Enlightenment at that time.
Positive romantic writers dared to face reality and criticized the darkness of society. They targeted the feudal aristocracy and opposed the remaining feudal factors in capitalist society. At the same time, they also exposed various evil phenomena caused by the bourgeoisie themselves. , therefore full of passion for resistance and fighting, placing their ideals on the future, yearning for a new and better life, and some favor utopian socialism. Representative writers include Byron and Shelley from the UK, Hugo and George Sand from France, Heine from Germany, Shishkin from Russia (early period), Mickiewicz from Poland, Petofi from Hungary, etc. Their life practice and artistic practice were all connected with the bourgeois democratic revolutionary ideas and the national liberation movements in various countries at that time. Most writers were active participants in these national liberation movements.
Not so with passive romantics. They cannot face the sharp contradictions of social reality and adopt a passive evasive attitude. Their thoughts are connected with the ideology of the overthrown feudal aristocratic class. Starting from the single-life movement against the bourgeoisie, they opposed the status quo, lingered on the past, beautified the medieval patriarchal system, and fantasized about finding spiritual comfort and sustenance from the ancient feudal society. The emergence of negative romanticism is actually a reflection in literature of the declining thoughts and emotions of the overthrown feudal aristocratic class. Representative writers include the German Schlegel brothers, namely O. Schlegel and F. Schlegel, Novalis, France's Chateaubriand, Lamartine Vigny, Russia's Zhukovsky, Britain has Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey, etc.
The Victorian Values ??
Queen Victoria was the ruler of Britain in the mid-to-late nineteenth century. During this period, British society generally emphasized religious beliefs, the pursuit of moral values, and opposed immoral behavior, forming a generally repressive social atmosphere.
Naturalism
Naturalism has different meanings in various fields. The definition of naturalism here mostly comes from the naturalistic writing style in literature. This writing style was roughly produced in the late nineteenth century. Generally speaking, it uses the methods of natural science to objectively describe things. During this period, it used the latest scientific method to achieve a true reproduction of the true nature of life.
Well, since I have not learned the general knowledge of literature in the eighth-level college, these contents refer to Baidu Encyclopedia, Lingos Translation and related knowledge. Hope this helps you! ^-^
Above.