Original text
Words put realm as the top priority. If you have a state of mind, you will have your own high standards and famous sentences. This is why the poetry of the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty is unique.
Translation
Circles take state as the highest criterion for evaluation. The lyrics with state of mind naturally have high meaning and famous sentences. The reason why the lyrics of the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty are unique and outstanding throughout the ages lies in this - they have realm.
Original text
There is the creation of a scene, and there is a description of the scene. This is the origin of the two schools of idealism and realism. However, it is difficult to distinguish between the two, because the environment created by a great poet must be in line with nature, and the environment he writes must be close to the ideal.
Translation
There is a realm of subjective fiction and imagination; there is a realm of objective description and imitation. This is the difference between idealism and realism. However, it is difficult to distinguish between idealism and realism based on the selection and description of the scene. Because the subjective fictions and imaginary realms of great poets are often in line with the objective natural environment and real life, and are close to realism; the realms of objective description and imitation are often in line with subjective pursuits, and are close to ideals.
Original text
There is a state where I am, and there is a state where I am not. "The flowers are silent with tears in my eyes, and the wild reds fly across the swing." "It's so cold in the spring when the lonely house is closed, and the setting sun is setting in the sound of cuckoos." This is my state. "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can leisurely see the Nanshan Mountain", "The cold waves are rising, and the white birds are leisurely descending",
This is the state of selflessness. In my state of mind, I observe things with my own eyes, and all the old things have my color. In the state of selflessness, one observes things in terms of things, so one does not know who is me and what is a thing. There are many ancient poets who write about my state of mind. However, it is impossible to write about the state of selflessness before the beginning. Here, a heroic person can establish his own ears.
Translation
There is a realm with me, and there is a realm without me. "The flowers are silent with tears in my eyes, and the wild reds fly across the swing", "It's so cold in spring when the solitary house is closed, the sun is setting in the sound of cuckoos", this is my realm; "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain", "Cold Waves" The water is rising and the white birds are descending." This is the state of selflessness. In the realm of self, I observe things from my subjective perspective, so things are colored by my subjective emotions; in the realm of no-self, I observe things from the objective perspective of the things themselves, so I can’t tell the difference. Where is me, where is the thing. The ancients wrote lyrics, and most of them imitated the realm of self, but it does not mean that they cannot imitate the realm of selflessness. This is because the heroes in the poems were able to establish and cultivate themselves (the consciousness of the selfless realm).
Original text
The state of selflessness can only be found in silence. The realm of self is found when there is stillness due to movement. Therefore, one is beautiful and the other is magnificent.
Translation
The state of selflessness can only be obtained in silence (being outside the world); the state of self can be obtained by people from movement to stillness (the color of my emotions to Can be obtained when calmness returns). Therefore, the former presents beauty, and the latter presents grandeur.
Original text
Things in nature are related to each other and restrict each other. However, when it is written in literature and art, it must leave out the limitations of its relationship. Therefore, realists are also idealists. And no matter how fictitious the situation is, its materials must be obtained from nature, and its structure must also follow the laws of nature. Therefore, idealists are also realists.
Translation
Things in nature have complex mutual relations, as well as competition and mutual restraint. However, when describing natural things in literature and art, we must abandon the mutual compatibility between them. Therefore, realists are also idealists, because while being realistic, they must artificially abandon and cut things out, which contains an ideal pursuit.
Moreover, no matter how fictional the realm is, the materials it is composed of must be taken from natural things, and the structure of the fictional realm must also obey the laws of nature. So idealists are also realists.
Original text
Environment is not just scenery, joy, anger, sorrow and joy are also a state in people's hearts. Therefore, those who can portray real scenery and true feelings are said to have a realm. Otherwise, it is said to have no realm.
Translation
Realm does not just refer to natural scenery. Joy, anger, sadness, and joy also constitute a state in the human heart. Therefore, those who can describe real scenery and express real feelings are called realms, otherwise they are called realmless.
Original text
"The branches of red apricots are bustling with spring", with the word "noisy", the whole realm appears; "The clouds break through the moon, and the flowers make shadows", with the word "nong" Words and realms are all revealed.
Translation
"The red apricot branches are bustling with spring spirit", using the word "buoyant", the whole realm is revealed. "The clouds break and the moon comes, the flowers make shadows", with the word "Nong", the realm is fully revealed.
Original text
There are different realms, and they are not good or bad. "The fishes are coming out in the drizzle, and the swallows are slanting in the breeze", why is it not as sudden as "the setting sun shines on the banner, and the horses whistle in the wind"? "The treasure curtain hangs with small silver hooks", why is it not as good as "the tower is lost in the fog, and the moon is lost in the river"?
Translation
There are big and small realms, but we do not rely on size to distinguish between good and bad. How can "fish come out in the drizzle, and swallows slant in the breeze" than "the setting sun shines on the banner, and the horse sings in the wind"? How can "little silver hooks hanging on the treasure curtain" be inferior to "the tower is lost in the fog, and the moon is lost in the river"?
Original text
Yan Canglang's "Shihua" said: "In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, all the princes were only interested in interest. The antelope hung its horns and there was no trace to be found. Therefore, its beauty is transparent and exquisite. It cannot be taken together, just like the sound in the air, the color in the photograph, the shadow in the water, the image in the mirror, the words are exhaustive but the meaning is endless.
" I said that the same is true for the poetry before the Northern Song Dynasty. However, Canglang's so-called "interest" and Ruan Ting's so-called "charm" are still just their appearance. It is better for me to use the word "realm" to explore their roots.
Translation
Yan Yu of the Southern Song Dynasty said in "Canglang Poetry Talk": "Poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty focused on leisure and fun when writing poems, just like antelopes sleeping at night. The horn hangs on the tree, and there is no trace to be found. Therefore, the brilliance of their poems is that they are transparent and exquisite, not pieced together, and everything is integrated into one, just like "the sound in the air, the color in the picture, the shadow in the water, the image in the mirror", the words are exhaustive and the meaning is endless. . ”
I, Wang Guowei, believe that the same is true for the lyrics written before the Northern Song Dynasty. It’s just that the “interest” mentioned by Yan Yu and the “spirit” mentioned by Wang Shizhen only talked about the surface of poetry, which is not as good as mine. Wang Guowei's exploration of the word "realm" reaches the root of the poem.
Original text
"The west wind is shining, the Han family mausoleum is beautiful". There are only eight characters that can be passed down through the ages. Only Fan Wenzheng's "Fishermen's Proud" and Xia Yinggong's "Xi Qianying" are not enough to succeed in martial arts.
Translation
Li Bai's poems are purely based on the atmosphere. "The west wind is shining, the Han family mausoleum", just eight words, can silence the poets who have visited Huaiyuan for thousands of years. Only Fan Zhongyan's works. "The Proud Fisherman" and "The Migrating Orioles" by Xia Song can barely continue, but the atmosphere is no longer as good as Li Bai's "Recalling Qin'e".