Can the foundation and wall of the splayed wall be poured together?

You can't.

The best way is to dig trenches around the basement and then waterproof it. There is a waterproof principle, which is to fortify against the water.

If you really don't want to do this, you can use your method on the premise of meeting the requirements, but you should add waterproof additives, such as waterproof powder, to the reinforced concrete mixture, and then make a waterproof layer on the back before leveling the concrete.