Speaking of the official seal, you have to mention He Shibi.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Bian He, a native of Chu, got a rough jade in the mountains and presented it to Li. The king asked the jade worker to identify it as a stone, so he interrupted Bian He's left foot on the grounds of cheating the king. After King Wu acceded to the throne, Bian He offered jade again, but he still broke his right foot for deceiving the king. When King Wen ascended the throne, Bian He cried at the foot of Jingshan Mountain. King Wen sent someone to ask him, and he said, "I'm not sad. I am sorry for my husband Baoyu, but I am named after him. " King Wen made a man cut his skin and got Baoyu, because his name was Yu. (King Wen of Chu 690 BC-675 BC) When he was in Chu Weiwang, Guo Xiang Zhaoyang became more and more meritorious, and Wang Wei awarded him and Choi. Soon, Zhaoyang gave a banquet to entertain guests and enjoyed the wall by the water garden. At that time, there was a big fish in Yunyuan, and everyone left the room to the edge of the garden. After returning to the dining table, he found that Cui had disappeared, suspecting that his master Zhang Yi had stolen it. Zhang Yi was arrested and interrogated repeatedly. In a fit of pique, Zhang Yi left Chu for Wei and rejoined Qin. Qin Huiwen was a gentleman for ten years. He worshipped Qin as the prime minister and lobbied all countries to submit to Qin, so as to send envoys to Chu and disintegrate the Qi-Chu alliance. After the defeat of Chu, Qin seized the land of Chu and Hanzhong.
During the Warring States Period, King Huiwen of Zhao won Chu Cai, and Qin "wrote a suicide note to the King of Zhao, wishing to invite Yi Bi with fifteen cities". At that time, Qiang Qin and Zhao Wei were weak, and the prince of Zhao was afraid that he would not get the city, so Lin Xiangru volunteered to hit a wall. When he arrived in the state of Qin and presented the city wall, he saw that the king of Qin had no intention of compensating the city, so the court tried to get the original city wall back and send it back to Zhao.
In 228 BC, Ying Zheng, king of Qin, defeated Zhao and won He Shibi.
Ying Zheng ruled the country and was called the first emperor. Li Si's seal script was ordered to be "ordered by heaven, long live", and Sun Shou, a jade worker in Xianyang, polished the stone and carved it into a seal. This is the official seal.
BC 10, Liu Bang led an army to Bashang, and Zi Ying, king of Qin, knelt on Xianyang Road with his seal. Qin Wu, Liu Han has the national seal.
At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, consort Wang Mang usurped power. At that time, Liu Ying, the obedient son, was still young, and his seal was hidden in the Queen Mother of Changle Palace. Wang Mang sent for it. The queen mother cursed the bearer, but threw a seal on the ground and broke a corner. Wang Mang asked craftsmen to make up for it with gold.
After Wang Mang was defeated and killed, the honored guest of the captain of the bodyguard got the national seal and rushed to the first emperor who was dedicated to Liu Han.
In 25 AD, the Red Eyebrow Army killed Liu Xuan and established Liu Penzi. After Liu Pengzi defeated Yiyang, he handed the national seal to Liu Xiu.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, eunuchs were authoritarian. In the sixth year of Xi Ping, Yuan Shao entered the palace to kill eunuchs. Run away with the emperor, the decree is gone.
Xian Di, Dong Zhuo insurrection. Sun Jian led an army into Luoyang, and when the soldiers saw a well with colorful clouds in the morning in the palace, they sent people into the well and got the national seal. Sun Jian hid the seal in his wife Wu's place. After Yuan Shu detained Sun Jian's wife and sealed the seal. After the death of Yuan Shu, Jingzhou secretariat Xu? When Cao Cao brought the seal to Xuchang, he was here with Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. At this point, the official seal was returned to the Han Dynasty.
In 220 AD, Cao Pi usurped power and forced him to abdicate, and Han died. Cao Pi had the words "Korea handed over the official seal" engraved on the epaulettes of the official seal.
In 265 ad, he also usurped power, called Emperor Wu of Jin, and passed the national seal to Jin.
In 3 1 1 year, Liu Cong, a former Zhao, captured Sima Chi, the Emperor of Jin Huai, and the national seal was returned to him.
In 329 AD, the post-Zhao destroyed the former Zhao and got a national seal. On the right is engraved "the fate of the stone".
In 350 AD, Wei Ran was sent again. Later, Wei Ran begged the rescue of the Eastern Jin army. The official seal was cheated by General Jin and sent to the capital Jiankang (Nanjing) overnight with 300 elite riders. In this way, the official seal returned to Sima's home in the Jin Dynasty.
The Southern Dynasties experienced the changes of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen.
The Sui Dynasty unified China and passed the national seal into the Sui Palace.
In March of 6 18, Emperor Yang Guang of Yang Di was killed in Jiangdu, Yangzhou, and died in the Sui Dynasty. After Xiao, he fled to Mobei Turk with Prince Yuan De and official seal.
In the early years of Emperor Taizong's Li Shimin, when the national seal failed to pass, he carved several imperial seals such as "Lingbao" and "Destined Treasure" to console himself.
In the fourth year of Zhenguan, Li Jing led an army to crusade against the Turks. In the same year, Hou Yaozong suddenly returned to the Central Plains with Prince Yuan De, and the official seal was returned to Li Tang.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the world was in chaos. In 907, Zhu Quanzhong abolished Tang Aidi, seized the national seal and built the back beam.
In 923, Li Cun? Destroy the back beam, build the back Tang dynasty, and pass the national seal with it.
In 936 AD, Shi Jingtang led the Qidan army to attack Luoyang, and the last emperor Li Congke set himself on fire on the Xuanwu Tower with the national seal, which disappeared.
Guo Weishi, the late Zhou Taizu, couldn't find the national seal anywhere. In desperation, he carved two pieces, such as "Dibao", which has been spread to the Northern Song Dynasty.
In northern Song Zhezong (A.D. 1085- A.D.1KLOC-0/00), Duan Yi, a farmer, discovered this official seal while cultivating land and sent it to the imperial court. After many arguments, according to the remains of the previous dynasty, the university students of various ministries and cabinet finally confirmed that this was the official seal made by the first emperor.
The most boring thing is Song Huizong, who calls himself Emperor Daojun. He carved ten seals at a time, each with its own purpose.
A.D. 1 126, after the Jingkang Rebellion, Qin Hui was plundered, and the national seal of Sichuan was also plundered by the Great Jin State, and then disappeared.
In A.D. 1294, Kublai Khan died in Yuan Shizu, and the national seal suddenly appeared in most cities and was sold in them. Bo Yan ordered people to buy it. It was also this Bo Yan who smoothed the seals collected by the Yuan Dynasty from various countries and distributed them to princes and ministers to carve private seals. What a pity
In a.d. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang and built Daming. The Mongolian court fled to the Mongolian grassland.
In the early Ming Dynasty, in order to get the last official seal record in history, Ming Taizu sent Xu to Mobei to hunt down the fleeing Mongolian court, and finally returned empty-handed. It is said that when Puyi was expelled from the Forbidden City, people were still looking for him.
At this point, the national seal, which has experienced ups and downs for more than 500 years, has been lost in the long river of history.