Key words: theoretical gap, construction and installation, measurement confirmation.
Aluminum alloy doors and windows and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) plastic doors and windows (hereinafter referred to as doors and windows) for building are installed by reserving holes in the building wall. The installation method and processing size of the door and window can effectively ensure the installation quality of the door and window.
First, the installation method of doors and windows
The common installation methods of doors and windows are divided into wet installation and dry installation; The connection with the wall can be divided into two ways: direct fixation and connector fixation.
1, dry installation is to increase the steel adapter frame, first connect the steel adapter frame with the wall through some connection method, then carry out civil plastering and necking, and then install the door and window frame after the civil wet operation is completed. Window frames and walls are filled with thermal insulation materials, and the outside is sealed with waterproof sealant. This method is beneficial to the protection of finished products, but the cost is slightly higher.
2. Wet installation is to directly connect the door window frame with the wall through some connection method, and then carry out civil plastering and necking. This method is not conducive to the protection of finished products, but the cost is slightly lower.
3. The direct fixing method is to fix the door window frame or steel transfer frame on the wall of concrete or embedded wood brick (or concrete precast block) with nylon expansion anchor bolts or wood screws.
4. The fixing method of the connector is to connect the door window frame or steel transfer frame with the wall through the fixing piece. Firstly, one end or the middle of the fixing piece is fixed in the dovetail groove of the door and window or on the steel transfer frame with self-tapping nails, and then one end or both ends of the fixing piece are fixed on the wall of concrete or embedded wooden bricks (or concrete precast blocks) with nylon expansion anchor bolts or wood screws.
Second, determine the processing size of doors and windows
Due to construction errors, processing errors of doors and windows, measurement errors, deformation energy of doors and windows under temperature difference, materials of facing layer, architectural design errors and changes and other factors. , determine the processing size of doors and windows. The above factors should be considered when processing doors and windows to ensure correct installation.
In order to manage conventional building projects, the construction of building openings must be carried out in strict accordance with the allowable deviation. The processing size of doors and windows can be determined by subtracting the specified theoretical clearance (reduced scale) from the size of the hole of doors and windows given in the architectural drawings, but the size of the hole must be verified on site and confirmed by the general contractor.
In some projects, the dimensions of door and window tables in architectural drawings are inconsistent with the size of the hole marked on the drawings, so the actual design dimensions of the hole and the hole are deviated, and the size of the hole also changes from time to time. In order to ensure the accuracy of the processing size of doors and windows, we must first check the drawings, correctly measure and check the actual size of the building hole, report the results of measurement and check to the general contractor, and jointly determine the theoretical gap (scale) and the actually measured size of the hole of doors and windows after being signed by the general contractor.
To accurately measure and determine the size of the hole at the site, firstly, the horizontal and vertical installation of each door and window at the entrance of the cave should be taken as the benchmark, and secondly, all doors and windows on the same horizontal and vertical line should be ensured to be horizontal and vertical. Therefore, when surveying, the height of the hole on the same horizontal line and the width of the hole on the same vertical line should be measured based on the horizontal line, and the minimum value (a few can be ignored, and can be treated separately by repairing holes when installing doors and windows) should be taken as the design benchmark of the hole with the same specifications. For the exterior wall decorated with non-drywall or cement mortar exterior wall, the minimum width and height of doors and windows should be determined with the building axis and horizontal line as the benchmark axis and horizontal line.
The determination of the theoretical gap between the building entrance and the doors and windows eliminates the architectural design error. When taking the minimum horizontal height and minimum vertical width of the hole as the design benchmark of the door and window size, the allowable deviation of the hole building size in table 1 should not be considered, but the probability of positive deviation should be considered, that is, the phenomenon of large measurement size, the expansion of doors and windows under the action of temperature and the thickness of decorative surface. The theoretical clearance of doors and windows shall be determined according to Table 4.
When assembling the ribbon window, the influence of assembly materials and assembly clearance on the size of the installation hole should be considered. Generally, two methods are adopted. One is to reduce the processing size of each group of windows in the assembly direction by 3-5mm, and the theoretical clearance of holes should also be implemented according to the above principles. The other is to leave the accumulated error in a frame that does not affect the impression. After the installation of other frames is completed, the actual measurement is carried out, and the final processing and installation are carried out. This confirmation box is generally selected on the fixed glass, and the box on the side.
For balcony window or corner window, the installation position of the edge of the window in the building structure should be determined first, with the outer edge of the window with corner on one side as the measurement benchmark and the minimum width of the external wall as size of the hole, and the processing size of the window can be obtained by unilateral deduction using the theoretical gap specified in Table 4; Both sides are part of corner window, and directly measuring the outer edge size of the window is the processing size of the window.
The height of the door should be measured based on the highest horizontal plane indoors or outdoors, and the minimum height of the hole should also be measured. When using the threshold door, the theoretical clearance specified in Table 4 is used for unilateral deduction, which is the processing size of the door height. When the door without threshold is used, the theoretical gap specified in Table 4 is used for unilateral deduction, and the threshold thickness is the processing size of the door. At this time, the threshold is installed under the ground. The width of the door shall be determined according to the above provisions.
Generally, the door frame, door window frame and corner frame should be lengthened up and down by 30mm, which is easy to be embedded in the building structure. If the upper size of the hole is not allowed, it can be lengthened, but it should be fixed with the wall.
Third, the construction and installation of doors and windows
1, three-line positioning is the key to the installation of doors and windows. The horizontal lines of doors and windows, internal and external position lines, and left and right position control lines must be provided by the general contractor, who will make technical disclosure and install them in strict accordance with the three-line position.
2. Different walls are fixed in different ways. For the hole of brick wall, nylon expansion anchor bolt is used to fix it with the wall, but it can't be fixed on the brick joint. It is forbidden to fix with nails. The concrete hole is fixed with the wall by nylon expansion anchor bolts or nails; Hollow and aerated block wall openings should be fixed with nylon expansion anchor bolts or wood screws in the embedded concrete block (specification 100 square) or wood brick (specification 120* 120*50 for anticorrosion treatment, and the wood grain of the wood brick should be perpendicular to the direction in which the wood screws are screwed in). It is forbidden to fix directly on hollow and aerated blocks.
3. When fixing the window frame or steel frame with fasteners, first fix the fasteners in the middle of the window frame or steel frame with self-tapping nails (the length of the fasteners shall not be less than 300mm) or one side (not less than 150m), distinguish the up-and-down direction and the inside-and-outside direction of the window frame, and then send the window frame or steel frame into the hole. Block the symmetrical positions of the upper and lower frames, the middle transverse frame and the four corners of the window frame or steel frame with wooden wedges. Align the horizontal and vertical centerlines marked on the window frame or steel attachment frame with the horizontal and vertical centerlines of the holes marked on the wall, then determine the installation position of the window frame or steel attachment frame in the thickness direction of the holes, then plug the wooden wedge, and fix the other end or both ends of the fixing piece with the wall by the above method. Two of the fixing pieces should form an inner splay or an outer splay on each side of the window frame or the steel attachment frame, and the fixing pieces should not be fixed in one direction.
4. When the window frame or steel attached frame is directly fixed with screws, distinguish the vertical direction and the internal and external direction of the window frame, then send the window frame or steel attached frame into the hole, plug the symmetrical positions of the upper frame, lower frame, middle transverse frame and four corners of the window frame or steel attached frame with wooden wedges, so as to monitor and fix at any time, adjust the wooden wedge, and make the horizontal and vertical centerlines marked on the window frame or steel attached frame align with the horizontal and vertical centerlines of the holes marked on the wall, and then determine whether the window frame or steel attached frame is in the hole. Then the wooden wedge is plugged tightly, and it is directly connected with the wall with nylon expansion anchor screws or wooden screws through the pre-processed installation holes on the window frame or steel attachment frame. Only when the dust in the hole of nylon expansion anchor is blown clean can the nylon expansion anchor be screwed in.
5. When the window frame is installed in the installed steel frame, distinguish the up-and-down and inside-and-outside directions of the window frame, then send the window frame into the hole, adjust the symmetrical positions of the upper and lower frames, the middle transverse frame and the four corners of the window frame with frame installation adjusters, so that the horizontal and vertical centerlines marked on the window frame or steel frame are aligned with the horizontal and vertical centerlines marked on the wall, then determine the installation position of the window frame or steel frame in the thickness direction of the hole, and fix the window frame on the steel frame with self-tapping nails.
6. The process holes on the window frame and steel attachment frame must be closed with process hole cover tape to ensure that the cavity is not corroded.
7. Install the assembled material and the door and window frame material in the reserved hole, and then pour and fix them with C20 fine stone concrete. The window frame and assembled material shall be fastened with fasteners in both directions, and the distance between them shall not be greater than 600 mm. The gap between the fastener end and assembled material and the door and window frame shall be sealed with sealant.
8. The reserved gap (expansion joint) between the window frame or steel attached frame and the hole shall be filled with closed-cell foamed plastic and foamed polyethylene in layers, and the filling shall not be too tight.
9. The exterior decoration should be 5mm apart from the window frame, and the window frame should be sealed with building sealant to separate the exterior decoration wall.
10, aluminum window frames shall not be in direct contact with metals and building walls, and there shall be no packaging materials such as protective film at the sealant, so as not to affect the sealing quality of sealant.
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