The life of Emperor Zhu Yun

Zhu Jun (1377-? ), the second emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Wen Jian. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang died of illness, and the emperor's great-grandson Zhu Yun was posthumously awarded the throne. In July of the first year of Jian 'an (1399), the fourth uncle and Judy, the prince of Yan, rose up and rebelled, and in the name of "clearing the border of the army", a four-year battle between an uncle and an nephew was triggered, which was called "Jingnan War" in history. 1402, the emperor Wen Jian was defeated and died, and finally took refuge in Bashan. There are active relics in Chongqing, Linshui, Dazhu, Daxian, Pingchang and Tongjiang. Emperor Wen Jian's trip to the emperor ended four years later. As an emperor, he is too kind and sometimes indecisive. If I let him be a courtier, I believe he can love the people like a son and remain uncorrupted, but unlike being an emperor, the emperor is doomed to be inseparable from blood, and he wants to exclude dissidents. He wants to establish imperial power. If he can't do this, the emperor will eventually be eliminated by history, and Wen Jian is such a tragic figure. Jingtai years (1450 ~ 1457) died in Zhongshan Temple in Daxian County. The monk workshop department of the imperial court appointed a monk from Beijing to go to Shu to expand Zhongshan Temple and build the Jianwen Emperor Cemetery. In Wanli 19 of the Ming Dynasty (159 1), the imperial court renovated the Zhongshan Temple again, and built large stone carvings on the wall of Yong, which were spread out in eight characters, each two feet long and one foot high. Large-scale deep reliefs, such as Yue Long, Phoenix spreading its wings, flying in the sky, seahorse treading waves, ancient turtle letting off the warp and bullfighting bag, are all carved in whole stone, with a length of one meter and a width of one meter, and are beautifully carved. The stone pillars are engraved with three couplets, namely, "Brahma Temple is unparalleled, the first gate of Zen Forest", "The sun shines high, the smoke floats" and "Show the sun and the moon, enjoy the eternal life, and walk in Kun", which have far-reaching meanings and vigorous brushwork. The yongbi stone carving in Zhongshan Temple is basically intact after the disaster, and it is a treasure of stone carving art in Sichuan. Biography of Zhu Yunwen (1377 ~ 1402? ) (The other one is 1377~ 145 1? ),1377 65438+February 5, born in Lufei and Zhu Biao. He is Ming Taizu's grandson. Zhu Yunwen has been in office for four years, and his title has been established. In the 25th year of Hongwu (1392), the Crown Prince Zhu Biao died, and Ming Taizu had to reconsider the issue of succession to the throne. During this time, he once thought of Judy, the fourth son of the emperor, because Judy was very similar to himself in many places. However, when Liu Sanwu, the minister, asked the ministers, if the fourth son of the emperor was established, where should the second and third sons be established? At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang had enfeoffed the kings, and the second, third and fourth sons of the emperor were named three princes of Qin, Jin and Yan respectively. The fiefs of these three men are all important border towns and armed to the teeth. Once there is infighting over storage, the consequences will be very serious. However, according to the first-born inheritance system, the throne should be passed on to the prince's eldest son, that is, King Zhu Xiongying of Huai Yu. However, in the fifteenth year of Hongwu (1383), Xiong Ying died in May. Therefore, Mao had to make Zhu Yunwen, the second son of Zhu Biao, the grandson of the emperor. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), Ming Taizu died. Zhu Yunwen acceded to the throne, changed the title of the article and called him Emperor. Judging from the title, Wen Jian and Hongwu have completely different personalities, and Zhu Yuanzhang is unwilling to set up an emperor's grandson. One of the important reasons is that Zhu Yunwen, like his father, is too weak, too kind and too seriously influenced by Confucianism, and I'm afraid he will suffer a big loss in the future. After Wen Jian ascended the throne, the tense atmosphere in Hongwu period was changed, and a breeze blew in China. He reused Huang Zicheng, Qi Tai, Fang Xiaoru and other literati, reformed the politics of the first dynasty, and created a relaxed environment for the people and officials. Wen Jian implements the policy of benefiting the people, reducing or exempting taxes and providing relief to the victims. The old, the weak, the sick and the disabled are supported by the state. Attach importance to agricultural production, set up schools, inspect officials, appoint talents, and send 24 assistant ministers, including Bao Zhao and Xia Yuanji, to cover history, tour the world and observe the situation. An important measure in the reform is to reduce the number of vassals. At that time, most vassals were Zhu Yunwen's uncles, and they all had military power. They did evil in their own country, and some even prepared to rebel, posing a serious threat to Emperor Wen Jian. Judy, the prince of Yan, is one of the most representative. At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang's first three sons died, and Judy became the oldest prince. In addition, with Judy becoming stronger and stronger in the process of fighting against Mongolia, he has become the biggest threat to the imperial power. It can be said that Wen Jian's reduction of vassals is mainly aimed at the prince. But his weakness hurt him, which was his first mistake in making decisions on major issues. He didn't behead the prince first, but laid hands on Zhou Wang, the prince's half-brother. This not only put the prince in danger, but also alarmed the prince, making him step up preparations. When Wen Jian decided to attack Judy, it was too late. Judy, the prince of Yan, quickly raised the banner of Jingnan. In the first battle, the imperial army occupied an absolute advantage, but due to Li Jinglong's improper command, the Ming army suffered repeated battles and defeats. Due to the limitation of troops, the cities occupied by the Yan army soon gave up, so the two sides launched a tug-of-war. During this period, a number of outstanding generals emerged in the Ming army, and their tenacious resistance posed a great threat to Judy. However, Zhu Yunwen's weakness once again shows that his imperial edict "I want to live my uncle" saved Judy from many disasters, and his woman's kindness finally pushed the court to the abyss. After four years of tug-of-war, the prince correctly analyzed the situation. As long as he is in power, the local troops will resist for a day, and they will resist the king. However, if Nanjing is captured and his rule is driven away, they can become the king of a country. I believe there are not many people who oppose it, because everyone is watching. So Yan Jun bypassed this big city and headed south. At that time, the imperial court in Wen Jian was in a mess, and many local generals just held their horses. Soon, Yan Jun Enemy at the Gates, the prince and some generals opened the door and surrendered without authorization. Nanjing was finally occupied. When Judy arrived at the palace, he saw the burning fire in the palace, and his whereabouts were unknown. Besides, as Judy expected, almost no one objected. The "Battle of Jingnan" declared victory, and Judy proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Yongle. Judy was the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. However, in the imperial court, the situation is different. Only four civil servants surrendered, while thousands of others fled or committed suicide. There are almost no available people in Yongle court, which shows that his position in the minds of literati is quite high.