new word
Basic explanation and detailed explanation
As long as the foot moves, it will affect the weight on both sides. Refers to being in an important position, and every move is enough to affect the overall situation.
tidy
"The Biography of Dou Rong in the Later Han Dynasty": "The alchemy and the attack of the Han Dynasty; Power is in general; Lift your feet; There is weight. "
example sentence
He used to be ordinary, but because both sides fought for him, he became a character.
Approximate antonym
synonym
It is very important to be measurable and considerable.
antonym
Never mind, never mind, never mind, never mind, never mind, never mind, never mind.
2. What are the carefully selected four-character idioms? 1. One in a hundred [bǐ i lǐ ti ā o y:]
Interpretation: One in a hundred. Describe outstanding talents.
Example: Xiaoyu is a scholar in the village and a beautiful girl in a million.
2. Pisha Jinjian
Interpretation: opening sand to pick gold. Metaphor selects the essence from a large number of things.
Example: He has carefully compiled this collection of essays of past dynasties, which is a collection of numerous essays of past dynasties.
3. picky, picky
Explanation: It is a metaphor for being picky and only making profits for yourself.
Example: Some people are very picky about their jobs. They only choose those jobs that make more money and save energy.
4. Choose carefully [j: ng ti ā o xxu m m m: n]
Interpretation: a very cautious choice.
For example, there are many brands of home appliances, so consumers should choose carefully when buying, so as not to be cheated by fake goods that are not worthy of the name.
Step 5 climb, wash and hook
Interpretation: collect and explore, pick and choose.
Example: Yigu is a scholar. This is not difficult to see. Climbing, washing, picking, and seeing the yuan can't be a trick.
3. What are the incomparable four-character idioms? Pine trees welcome guests, and the cold plum blossoms greet the spring, telling each other's feelings affectionately and intentionally. The years are long, the waves are shining, the bubbles fade, and the bubbles remain the same. From far to near, they are wonderful, flying, light and soft, and difficult to identify. They have looked at each other in a hurry for a long time, and the streets and alleys are full of colorful colors, and they stopped looking at each other in a hurry. Winding, leisurely, straight into the sky, beside the horizontal bar green water, walking side by side, cutting off the spray, splashing, impacting and jumping, indescribable, jumping around for a year, laughing, kissing, hot, blurting out more and more dense mountains, deep streams, cliffs, strong winds and yellow sand whistling all over the sky, making people laugh and can't eat. Spotted heart surges, looking down at the gray sky. The waves are undulating, and the blue waves are towering and steep. Surrounded by the vastness of seven ditches and eight beams, babbling lingers in my ears. I am a toddler, singing and dancing, full of troubles. In the honeypot hotbeds in the north and south of the river, war songs are flying, and I fight for the cold wind and scream and shine. I'm still pale and burly, ashamed. My tears are not only dazzling, but I am as surprised as before. I don't know where to go, the descendants of a gondola roared down. The majestic flying is clearly audible, falling from the sky. I am intoxicated with deforestation, my life is dying and I am disappointed. The world is shocked and full of affection, sparkling and buzzing. Mountains and rivers always flow, and the wind blows the sand slowly, like a green wind.
4. Used to learn and communicate important four-character idioms.
[Interpretation] A lot of knowledge; There are five cars of books. Describe reading a lot; Knowledgeable rich man: rich; Five cars: refers to five car books; There are many description books.
[Language] Song Bi Zhong You's "Xitai Collection": "I am eager to learn five cars and get rich; Light and rich and poor. "
[accent] car; Can't pronounce "cē".
[Discrimination] Rich; You can't write "cross".
learned and versatile
[antonym] Illiteracy and no ink on the chest
[Usage] Used as a compliment. In the past, it was often used as a polite expression to praise others' good knowledge. Generally used as a predicate.
Subject-predicate type
5. Why are idioms mostly four-character, which is the main format of Chinese idioms? Open any dictionary of Chinese idioms, and most of them are four-character idioms.
Take the Popular Dictionary of Modern Chinese Idioms (updated edition, published by Shanghai Education Press) as an example. There are 8700 idioms in this dictionary, including 8420 four-character idioms, accounting for about 90%. In this regard, people will naturally ask such a question: Why has the four-character case become the main format of Chinese idioms? In this regard, we can answer from the following aspects.
As the main format of Chinese idioms, the four-character case 1. conforms to the benefit principle of language communication, and it should be the benefit principle of language communication to convey as much information as possible in concise language, that is, "to be concise". Chinese idioms are rich and profound in content, whether they are directly quoted from ancient poems, summarized from ancient myths, fables and historical stories, or processed from ancient poems and sentences.
Considering the benefits of language communication, idioms need an optimal language form, which can not only contain complex and complete meanings, but also be concise. As we all know, idiom is a special fixed phrase, which is a complete unity in meaning. It can't be interpreted literally in isolation. Its function is equivalent to a word in application, so it is actually a stereotyped morpheme combination.
However, morphemes in Chinese are mostly monosyllabic, which are expressed as Chinese characters in writing. Therefore, the number of words is an element that must be considered in seeking brevity. We might as well imagine what would happen if there were more than four words in China's idioms.
Take Smith, Embattled and beyond the reach as examples. If only two words are used, the rich connotations they contain are obviously unclear. Three words are written as "Smith", "Song is under siege" and "beyond the reach of the whip", which are simple and clear, but the meaning is very unclear.
(A few idioms only need three words to express their meaning completely. For aesthetic reasons, people extend them into four-character cases, such as "hand-to-hand combat" and "not surprising-not surprising", which is another matter. If it is written as "Smith", "besieged on all sides" and "the whip is not as long as the horse's belly", the information capacity will not increase much, but it will appear redundant and cumbersome. It can be seen that the four-character case is the best format for idioms to be concise.
So, why can four-character idioms be concise? This should be examined from the relevant characteristics of Chinese itself. First of all, the word "Zi" that constitutes four-character idioms is mostly monosyllabic morpheme.
They integrate form, sound and meaning, have independent and complete meaning, can be used freely or at will, participate in the formation of various words, and have large information capacity. For example, "seeking truth from facts" is composed of four morphemes, and the meaning of each relatively independent morpheme is organically linked to express a rich and complete meaning.
In particular, idioms such as "the donkey is poor in skills", "waiting for the rabbit" and "carving a boat for a sword" are all told with four morphemes, and then metaphorically extended, so that idioms contain richer and deeper meanings than literal meanings. This is undoubtedly due to the large semantic capacity of Chinese monosyllabic morphemes.
Secondly, Chinese is a non-morphological language, and the composition of language units mainly depends on word order and function words. Among them, the direct combination in word order is closely related to the concise characteristics of four-character idioms.
As long as the morphemes entering idioms can match each other semantically and conform to logic and language habits, they can be flexibly combined in word order without the help of other language components, forming complex and diverse grammatical relationships such as juxtaposition, subject-predicate, deviation, predicate-object, predicate-complement, and expressing rich meanings in this way. For example, "speaking straight" means that "speaking straight" and "speaking fast" in the subject-predicate relationship form a parallel relationship; "Capable person is a teacher" is a subject-predicate relationship composed of "capable person" who affirms the relationship and "teacher" who has the relationship between predicate and object, both of which are directly composed of morphemes with the help of word order.
Because of this, it is possible to accommodate such flexible and diverse grammatical structures and load such rich information content in this small world of four-character idioms and become a concise unity. Secondly, four-character idioms have rich aesthetic characteristics and are loved by people. First of all, four-character idioms embody the beauty of balance.
Paying attention to the beauty of balance is a significant tendency of the traditional aesthetic psychology of the Han nationality, which is reflected in many fields of Han culture and art. For example, the neat and symmetrical bookshelf structure of square Chinese characters, the common parallel prose words in ancient poetry, lyrics and prose, the rigorous, balanced and symmetrical pattern of ancient buildings, and the emphasis on compactness, symmetry and stability in calligraphy, seal cutting and painting all show that our ancestors paid great attention to the beauty of balance.
This aesthetic tendency is bound to be projected on Chinese as one of the cultural carriers in China, including people's choice of idiom formats. Four-character idioms are four syllables in pronunciation; There are four square Chinese characters in physics; In the rhythm of morpheme arrangement, most of them are pairwise combinations, such as Dragon and Phoenix Dance, Hundred Rivers Returning to the Sea and knowledgeable person. Grammatically, there are a large number of parallel structures such as "reasonable and well-founded", "ancient and modern Chinese and foreign" and "a thousand words", all of which show a strong beauty of symmetry and balance.
This makes the four-character idiom meet people's requirements for balanced beauty to a great extent. Secondly, four-character idioms have the beauty of change.
Equilibrium is not equal to negative change. People not only pay attention to the beauty of balance, but also pursue the beauty of change, seek change on the basis of balance and achieve balance in change.
For example, the flat changes of ancient metrical poems, long and short sentences of words; Running script and cursive script in calligraphy art; Cornices, curved corridors, arch bridges, etc. In architectural art, they are all examples of pursuing complex changes in balance. This pursuit of changing beauty also profoundly affects people's choice of idiom formats.
The intricate changes of four-character idioms are manifested in phonetics, that is, the tone of each word in idioms can form flat changes and ups and downs, such as "at first sight" (flat), "big book and special book" (flat) and "bizarre" (flat). In the rhythm of morpheme arrangement, except
6. Why are most idioms four words? Idioms are now idioms, short sentences composed of fixed words that people are used to in their long-term lives. There are a large number of idioms in Chinese vocabulary. They all have certain sources, and once formed and appeared, they have been used by the people for a long time.
1. The characteristics of idioms. Idioms have two main characteristics. The first feature is a long history.
(1) has a long history. Refers to the historical use of idioms. For example, the idiom "Have confidence, have no fear" first appeared in Xi Palace, which has been used for more than 2,000 years. "Surprise the snake" comes from a story written in the Tang Dynasty, which is at least 1000 years away from "Although you mow the grass, I am surprised the snake". Catch the wind and catch the shadows first appeared in Zhuzi's Complete Book by Zhu in Song Dynasty, two sides and three knives first appeared in Lanji in Yuan Dynasty, and the southern accent and northern tune first appeared in Yanjing Notes by Fu Cha Dunchong in Qing Dynasty. These idioms have a history of 120 or even 8900 years.
(2) Flow length. Refers to the sociality of idiom use. Idioms are accepted by people and widely used in writing or orally. Like some idioms from ancient poetry, they are the original texts intercepted from poems of different times, because they are either profound in meaning or vivid in image, and they are epigrams and famous sentences of the whole poem, which are loved by the people, widely used and recited, and can be circulated. For example, "the spring breeze is proud", "the autumn is equally divided", "the wind is full of rain", "the wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road freezes to death", "the wildfire does not go out, and the spring breeze blows high" and so on.
The second feature is that stereotypes remain unchanged. Idiom is a stereotyped and fixed phrase, which is mostly composed of four words. Of course, there are three words, five words or more. For example, "set out", "go up a storey still higher", "Qian Fan by the shipwreck, Wan Muchun by the sick tree" and "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", but these are a few after all. Why are idioms mostly four-character? This is related to the characteristics of Chinese. Most people in China speak in pairs on syllables. Chinese pays attention to four tones, which can produce aesthetic feeling in sound when reading, and the four-character structure can adapt to various changes of this tone. The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of 305 poems in the history of China literature, which is basically a four-sentence poem. These four words are short and pithy in structure, vivid and lively, and can be read in cadence. In a long historical stage, it influenced poets and writers, and their works influenced people's language. Idioms are basically derived from ancient books and folk spoken language, so idioms are mostly four words.
Moreover, idioms should not only express profound and complex ideas, but also be extremely concise, neither too long nor too short, and four words are the most appropriate.
Idioms have a fixed structure, and their structure and components cannot be changed or changed at will. Some idioms have a group of synonyms or antonyms. For example, the words "Yan" and "Yu" in A Few Words are words with similar meanings; The words "big", "small", "same" and "different" in "similarity" are antonyms, which cannot be replaced casually. For another example, "strange clothes" is synonymous with "strange" and "clothes". Some people write "strange clothes" as "strange clothes", which on the surface only reflects the unclear structure of idioms. For example, "two tigers fighting" can't be said to be "three tigers fighting" or "southern accent transferring to the north", or "eastern accent transferring to the west" or "blind horse" or "blind donkey".
There are many words in the four-character lattice, and some people specially named it "four-character lattice". Some used to be idioms, and some didn't. After a long time, it becomes an idiom. We now have many idioms developed in this way.
2. The source of idioms
Idioms have their origins. It is well documented that one is spoken by the masses and the other is written. First of all, introduce idioms from popular spoken language.