The place where Tremella fruiting bodies grow and develop is called a cultivation room, also called an ear room or an ear shed. Cultivation rooms are divided into indoor ear rooms and outdoor ear sheds. The water quality and soil quality should be selected to meet the requirements of GB/T18407.1-2001 "Safety and Quality of Agricultural Products - Environmental Requirements for Pollution-free Vegetable Production Areas" and the production area environment should meet the requirements of NY/391-2000 "Green Food Production Area Environmental Technical Conditions".
(1) Special room for Tremella cultivation
The ear room adopts civil structure or brick concrete structure. The surrounding and roof are decorated with expanded foam plastic boards to maintain heat and moisture; the roof is equipped with exhaust windows and install exhaust fans. The size of the penthouse depends on the venue. The usual standard penthouse in Gutian is length x width 25 to 30 cm, and the cultivation volume at one time is 2800 to 3200 bags. If three rows of racks are used, 2 bags will be placed on the middle rack with a width of 1 meter, and 1 bag will be placed on each rack with a width of 50 cm on both sides. There will be two working lanes in the room of 1 meter each. . The ear room of the Pingsha Tremella Demonstration Base is length × width × height = 12 meters × 4.2 meters × 4.3 meters. There are 18 layers of shelves built inside, with a layer spacing of 22 cm. The cultivation capacity is 5,500 bags at a time, and the width of the ear room is equipped with energy-saving equipment at both ends. 2 closed doors and 4 ventilation windows are used to facilitate ventilation and convection. The window glass is used for lighting. The roof is semicircular or splayed to facilitate the water droplets flowing down along the top wall to avoid dripping and rotten ears.
The floor of the ear room is built in advance with a 36 cm × 24 cm square flue and is plastered with cement. A stove chamber and a heat source introduction channel are built outside the house to connect with the flue to facilitate the introduction of heat during winter cultivation. Enter the room and raise the temperature. The indoor culture rack is shown in Figure 10.
Figure 10 Culture rack in the ear room
(2) Field cultivation shed
This kind of cultivation shed uses bamboo strips as the skeleton and is 15 to 20 meters long. , 4 meters wide and 4 meters high, with 8 to 10 layers of bag racks inside. The surroundings and roof are covered with black plastic film to form a plastic greenhouse, and a 10 cm thick thatch is added for shade. Each shed can be discharged once 5000 bags of cultivation bags. The outdoor cultivation shed has fresh air and good natural environment conditions. Especially the off-season cultivation of Tremella fuciformis has good display, white color and excellent quality. It also has low investment cost and is easy to obtain high quality and high yield, so it has become widely popular in recent years.
(3) Northern alpine ear sheds
With the "migration of southern mushrooms to the north", Tremella production has developed from south to north. According to the cold and windy characteristics of the northern climate, solar greenhouses (solar greenhouses) can be used for cultivation, which are different from ordinary vegetable sheds.
Choose a shed site that is sheltered from wind and sunny, with high, dry, flat terrain, high in the north and low in the south, easy drainage and irrigation, clean water quality, open surroundings, and good lighting and ventilation conditions. The sheds are arranged east-west, about 5° to the west. The designed shed is 6.5 to 8 meters wide and can be 30 to 50 meters long. The ridge height to width ratio is 1:2.5. Multiple sheds can be built on the same site. The distance between the front and rear sheds is about 6 meters to facilitate lighting, ventilation and work. The back wall is a hollow structure with a thickness of 37 to 61 cm. The inside and outside are covered with thick mud or built with insulation boards to leave a good ventilation area. The inner height of the wall is 1.5 meters, the outer height is 2 meters, the rear slope angle is 45°, and the front is arched. A buffer room is left on the east side as the south entrance and exit, and the arch beams can be made of reinforced concrete arch structure or bamboo and wood structure. The spacing between reinforced concrete arches is 1 meter, the spacing between bamboo and wood arches is 60-80 cm, and 2-3 horizontal bars are fixed. It is a bamboo-wood structure with wooden columns in the middle. The cultivation racks run north-south and are made of bamboo wood or angle iron, with 4 to 5 layers, with a layer distance of 20 cm, and the bottom layer is 20 cm from the ground. Use an aging-free plastic film with a thickness of 0.09 mm and a wide width to cover the roof, and wrap it with a single layer of straw curtains, with a hem of 10 to 15 cm.
(4) Ordinary houses
Ordinary houses are used for cultivating Tremella fuciformis. They require a clean environment, convection through doors and windows, good ventilation, and a certain amount of scattered light. Wooden wooden houses must be cleaned. , the roof is covered with plastic film, which is beneficial to heat preservation and moisture retention. Concrete structure house, whitewashed around, cement floor, bag racks set according to the size of the house. A private house with a height of 3 meters and an area of ??15 meters can discharge 1000 to 1300 bags at a time.