people get rich; Pig arches make a fortune.
the dog keeps the door; Good dogs report to China in the new year.
it's time to welcome the prosperous times; Hai is a high year.
tengu returns to the celestial realm; Hai Zhu Gong Fu Men.
tengu drives out the cold; Treasure pigs bring warm spring.
six livestock and pigs are precious; Four seasons spring is the latest.
pig-making arch households; Get rich, Yan Yingchun.
entering the house in the spring of the year; The year of the pig is happy.
farmers love pigs; Everything in China is new.
guarding the family and working hard; There is gold in getting rich.
a jade-boasting dog; Get rich and praise the golden pig.
the spring is smooth and smooth; The year of the pig is more than three.
the god of wealth comes with age; Puppy arch.
the dog keeps peace; Pigs bring prosperity.
Heshun Gate has the word "hundred blessings and peace", which is worth a thousand dollars. Cross-approval: Vientiane updates
Spring is always full of flowers and flowers. Cross-approval: Welcome to the Spring Festival
Celebrate the Spring Festival in Fu Lin Courtyard. Cross-approval: Celebrate the Spring Festival
Celebrate the eternal years, make the country prosperous, make the country prosperous, and take care of everything. Cross-approval: Vientiane updates
Happy to live in a treasure-place. Ruyi Bubugao Horizontal Batch: Ji Xing Gao Zhao
A hundred years back to life to unify the mountains and rivers. Horizontal Batch: Guotai Min 'an
Spring rain embellishes everything, red berries embroider little by little, Qian Shan Horizontal Batch: Spring is full
Get rid of the old habits, five lectures, four beautiful trees, new wind, horizontal batch: bid farewell to the old and welcome the new year
All corners of the country are full of spring, and all waters of Qian Shan are full of splendor. Horizontal batch: Vientiane updates
Beautiful flowers in the snow Red plum reports spring
2. The couplets are of different lengths, only one or two words short; It can be hundreds of words long. There are various forms of couplets, such as right, opposition, flowing pair, couplet pair and set sentence equivalence. However, no matter what kind of couplets are used and what form they are used, they must have the following characteristics:
First, the number of words should be equal and the sentence breaks should be consistent. In addition to deliberately leaving the position of a word to achieve a certain effect, the number of words in the upper and lower couplets must be the same, no more or less.
second, it should be flat and even, and the tone should be harmonious. The traditional habit is to "pucker up and fall flat", that is, the ending of the last sentence in the upper couplet is puckered up, and the ending of the last sentence in the lower couplet is flat.
Third, the main parts of speech are relative and in the same position. Generally called "virtual to virtual, real to real", it means noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, quantifier to quantifier, adverb to adverb, and the relative words must be in the same position.
fourth, the content should be related and connected from top to bottom. The meanings of the upper and lower links must be connected with each other, but they cannot be repeated.
In addition, the traditional method of hanging couplets must be written straight and pasted vertically, from right to left and from top to bottom, and cannot be reversed.
The horizontal criticism closely related to couplets can be said to be the title and the center of couplets. Good horizontal criticism can make the finishing point and complement each other in couplets.
3.
Spring Festival couplets are also called "door couplets", "spring stickers", "couplets" and "couplets". They depict the background of the times and express their good wishes with neat, dual, concise and exquisite words, which is a unique literary form in China. Every Spring Festival, no matter in urban or rural areas, every household should select a red Spring Festival couplets and stick them on the door to add festive atmosphere to the festival.
By the Qing Dynasty, the ideological and artistic quality of Spring Festival couplets had been greatly improved. Liang Zhangju's monograph "Poems on Spring Festival couplets" discussed the origin of Spring Festival couplets and the characteristics of various works. Spring Festival couplets had become a literary and artistic form at that time.
There are many kinds of Spring Festival couplets, which can be divided into door heart, frame pair, horizontal batch, spring strip and bucket square according to their usage places. The "door core" is attached to the center of the upper end of the door panel; The "frame pair" is attached to the left and right door frames; "Horizontal batch" is posted on the crossbar of the door; "Spring strips" are posted in corresponding places according to different contents; "Dou Jin", also called "door leaf", is a square diamond, which is often attached to furniture and screen walls. Spring Festival couplets originated from Taofu, also known as Taofu, and the content is: "New Year, Qing Yu, Jiajie, Changchun." Written by Meng and Zeng Qin, the master of the post-Shu Dynasty
4. The characteristics and laws of couplets
Xiao Dean
The Spring Festival in Ding Hai is coming, and people will write Spring Festival couplets again. As one of the types of couplets, Spring Festival couplets, while highlighting the word "spring", can not ignore the characteristics and laws of couplets that pay attention to "antithesis" and "symmetry". Specifically, writing Spring Festival couplets has at least the following points that cannot be ignored.
first, the number of words is equal. The upper part and the lower part must have the same number of words and a neat form. Generally, five-character couplet and seven-character couplet are used most frequently.
second, the parts of speech are the same. The parts of speech of the words opposite to the upper couplet and the lower couplet in couplets should be the same-content words to content words, function words to function words. Such as: the sea is wide and the fish jumps; The sky is high and birds can fly.
both "sea" and "sky" are nouns, "breadth" and "height" are adjectives, "depend" and "ren" are prepositions, "fish" and "bird" are nouns, and "leap" and "fly" are verbs.
thirdly, the syntax is similar. The upper and lower couplets should correspond to each other in structure-juxtaposition to juxtaposition, subject-predicate to subject-predicate, verb-object to verb-object, partial to partial, etc. Such as: home and Pepsi Shun; Peace and prosperity.
"Jiahe" and "Guotai" in the upper and lower couplet are subject-predicate structures, and "Bai Shi Shun" and "Wan Min An" are also subject-predicate structures.
fourth: the rhythm is corresponding. The beats of the upper and lower couplets must be consistent, the rhythm must be symmetrical, monosyllabic to monosyllabic, disyllabic to disyllabic, and polysyllabic to polysyllabic. Such as: spring enters-spring gate-spring is not old; Fu Lin-blessed land-boundless happiness.
fifth: content-related. In addition to "no love", the contents of the first part and the second part are related and closely revolve around the theme. Such as: Matsuzaka, Plum, Three Friends; Peach, plum and apricot are warm in spring.
the contents of this couplet, the upper and lower couplet, reveal the meaning of complementary, complement each other.
sixth, it is even and harmonious. Flat tone, that is, the flat tone and flat tone of Chinese characters. The tones in ancient Chinese are divided into four tones: flat, rising, going and entering. Couplets pay attention to flat, flat, opposite and harmonious, which refers to the two relative words of the upper and lower couplets. They can't both be flat or even, but one should be flat and the other is even, which makes it look patchwork, catchy and pleasant, and constitutes the musical beauty of the language. Among them, couplets pay attention to leveling and leveling, and the end is the strictest. The pronunciation of the last words of the upper couplet must be flat, and the pronunciation of the last words of the lower couplet must be flat. Such as: days increase years and people increase their lives; Spring is full of dry kunfu.
However, due to the number of words in couplets, the length of sentences, and the flexible structure and rhythm, if we don't distinguish the specific conditions, we may not be able to sit in the right place if we apply metrical poems to the flat tones of any Spring Festival couplets or other couplets. It should be noted that couplets are literati literature, folk literature, elegant literature and popular literature. For folk lovers of couplets, it is not appropriate to emphasize the rhyme of couplets too much. It is best to distinguish between situations, be lenient and strict, and vary from person to person. Not to mention the folk people, it is the famous scholars who wrote the couplet, "If there is a strange sentence, it will make the truth and falsehood different" and "Don't use words to hurt people" (what Lin Daiyu said to Xiangling when she talked about poetry in A Dream of Red Mansions). However, this does not mean that we can ignore the rules of couplets. "There are differences between leniency and strictness, and they vary from person to person" is based on the premise of "leniency and strictness". "antithesis" is, after all, the greatest feature of couplets, and it is also the bottom line of couplets' rules. This bottom line should not be discarded and should be kept! Spring Festival couplets, also known as "door-to-door" and "spring post", are a kind of couplets, hence the name because they are posted during the Spring Festival. How did the Spring Festival couplets come about? There is such a story in Shan Hai Jing. Legend has it that there is a beautiful Dushuo Mountain in the East China Sea, also known as Taodu Mountain. There is a big peach tree on the mountain, with a golden rooster at the top, and the sunrise dawns. At the northeast end of this peach tree, there are all arched branches, and the top of the tree has been bent down and touched the ground, just like a natural gate. There are all kinds of monsters living in Shuoshan, and you have to go through this ghost door if you want to go out. The Emperor of Heaven was afraid that ghosts would come down the mountain to haunt the world, so he sent two gods to guard it, one named shentu and the other named Yu Lei. The names of these two gods have special pronunciations. shentu should pronounce "Shenshu" and Yu Lei "YuLv". The two gods will monitor the behavior of ghosts. When he found out which ghost was doing evil, he tied it up with straw rope and sent it to the tiger. Since then, from this story, the theory of ghost peach wood has been derived. So, at that time, people used two pieces of peach wood to carve the images of shentu and Yu Lei or write their names on both sides of the door, which were called Taofu, to show that they could drive away disasters and suppress evil spirits. After the Tang Dynasty, it was gradually changed to Weichi Gong and Qin Shubao. Legend has it that Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, launched a coup in Xuanwu Gate, killed his brother, forced his father Tang Gaozu Li Yuan to abdicate and become the emperor's father, and ascended the throne himself. Since then, Wei Zheng dreamed of cutting the old dragon of Jinghe River, and every night he seemed to hear ghosts throwing bricks into the house outside the sleeping officer, making strange noises. Emperor Taizong had no choice but to tell his ministers about it. General Qin Shubao, the founding hero of Tang Dynasty, volunteered to keep vigil at the palace gate to drive away ghosts, and Weichi Gong, another great founding hero, was also willing to accompany the vigil. That night, the two men were wearing armor and holding weapons, and kept at the door of the bedroom all night. As expected, Emperor Taizong had a good sleep. After several days, Emperor Taizong gradually recovered and could not bear to let the two generals keep vigil. So he ordered people to draw the mighty images of the two generals and paste them on the door. The story spread, and Weichi Gong and Qin Shubao were gradually regarded as door gods. The evolution from Taofu to Spring Festival couplets is said to be in the Five Dynasties, when Meng Chang, the late master of Shu in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, was on the New Year's Eve in 964. Xin Yinxun, a bachelor, wrote two auspicious words on the Taofu version. He didn't like Xin Xueshi's works, so he wrote it himself: New Year's Eve, Qing Yu Jiajie, Changchun. This is the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China. Since then, scholars have regarded Spring Festival couplets as elegant things, and the custom of spring festival couplets has gradually spread. In the Song Dynasty, it had become a custom for the gentry to stick Spring Festival couplets. Wang Anshi's poem "Yuan Ri", "Thousands of families always change new peaches for old ones", can illustrate this point. In the notes of the Song Dynasty, it is also recorded that scholars like to write Spring Festival couplets. For example, according to Zhang Bangji's "Mo Zhuang Man Lu", Su Dongpo was in Huangzhou, and when he was nearly thirty years old, he visited Wang Wenfu, and when he saw his prescription for peach charms, he wrote a play book on it, saying, "The door is big enough for thousands to ride in, and the hall is deeply unaware of male huan. "In the early Yuan Dynasty, Zhao Songxue, a famous painter and calligrapher, visited the Moon-welcoming Building in Yangzhou once, and the owner asked Zhao Songxue for his Spring Festival couplets. Zhao Songxue wrote:" There are 3, guests in the Langyuan Spring Festival, and the first floor of the bright moon Yangzhou. " The content of the Spring Festival couplets is not the same as that of the restaurant, and the host is overjoyed and rewarded with purple and gold pots. Spring Festival couplets like those written by Zhao Songxue have been regarded as social gifts. It is said that Spring Festival couplets were really popular among the people, and they were written in red paper, which became one of the customs of the year, after the Ming Dynasty. It is said that the formal naming of the word Spring Festival couplets began with Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor. Since then, Spring Festival couplets have been widely popular in rural villages and towns, and have been popular for a long time. Generally, the most commonly used Spring Festival couplets are "firecrackers sound to get rid of the old year, so that every family welcomes the new year", "Days increase people's longevity, and spring couplets are also called" door pairs "and" spring posts ",which are a kind of couplets, hence the name because they are posted during the Spring Festival.
How did the Spring Festival couplets come about? There is such a story in Shan Hai Jing. Legend has it that there is a beautiful Dushuo Mountain in the East China Sea, also known as Taodu Mountain. There is a big peach tree on the mountain, with a golden rooster at the top, and the sunrise dawns. At the northeast end of this peach tree, there are all arched branches, and the top of the tree has been bent down and touched the ground, just like a natural gate. There are all kinds of monsters living in Shuoshan, and you have to go through this ghost door if you want to go out. The Emperor of Heaven was afraid that ghosts would come down the mountain to haunt the world, so he sent two gods to guard it, one named shentu and the other named Yu Lei. The names of these two gods have special pronunciations. shentu should pronounce "Shenshu" and Yu Lei "YuLv". The two gods will monitor the behavior of ghosts. When he found out which ghost was doing evil, he tied it up with straw rope and sent it to the tiger. Since then, from this story, the theory of ghost peach wood has been derived. So, at that time, people used two pieces of peach wood to carve the images of shentu and Yu Lei or write their names on both sides of the door, which were called Taofu, to show that they could drive away disasters and suppress evil spirits.
after the Tang dynasty, it was gradually changed to Weichi Gong and Qin Shubao. Legend has it that Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, launched a coup in Xuanwu Gate, killed his brother, forced his father Tang Gaozu Li Yuan to abdicate and become the emperor's father, and ascended the throne himself. Since then, Wei Zheng dreamed of cutting the old dragon of Jinghe River, and every night he seemed to hear ghosts throwing bricks into the house outside the sleeping officer, making strange noises. Emperor Taizong had no choice but to tell his ministers about it. General Qin Shubao, the founding hero of Tang Dynasty, volunteered to keep vigil at the palace gate to drive away ghosts, and Weichi Gong, another great founding hero, was also willing to accompany the vigil. That night, the two men were wearing armor and holding weapons, and kept at the door of the bedroom all night. As expected, Emperor Taizong had a good sleep. After several days, Emperor Taizong gradually recovered and could not bear to let the two generals keep vigil. So he ordered people to draw the mighty images of the two generals and paste them on the door. The story spread, and Weichi Gong and Qin Shubao were gradually regarded as door gods.
It is said that the evolution from Taofu to Spring Festival couplets was in the Five Dynasties, and Meng Chang, the late master of Shu in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, was on New Year's Eve in 964. Xin Yinxun, a bachelor, wrote two auspicious words on the Taofu version. He didn't like Xin Xueshi's works, so he started to write down:
New Year's greeting Qing Yu
Jiajie number Changchun
This is the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China. Since then, scholars have regarded the Spring Festival couplets as elegant things, and the trend of the Spring Festival couplets has gradually spread. In the Song Dynasty, it had become a custom for the gentry to stick Spring Festival couplets. Wang Anshi's poem "Yuan Ri", "Thousands of families always change new peaches for old ones", can illustrate this point. In the notes of the Song Dynasty, it is also recorded that scholars like to write Spring Festival couplets. For example, according to Zhang Bangji's "Mo Zhuang Man Lu", Su Dongpo was in Huangzhou, and when he was nearly thirty years old, he visited Wang Wenfu, and when he saw his prescription for peach charms, he wrote a play book on it, saying, "The door is big enough for thousands to ride in, and the hall is deeply unaware of male huan. "In the early Yuan Dynasty, Zhao Songxue, a famous painter and calligrapher, visited the Moon-welcoming Building in Yangzhou once, and the owner asked Zhao Songxue for his Spring Festival couplets. Zhao Songxue wrote:" There are 3, guests in the Langyuan Spring Festival, and the first floor of the bright moon Yangzhou. " The content of the Spring Festival couplets is not the same as that of the restaurant, and the host is overjoyed and rewarded with purple and gold pots. Spring Festival couplets like those written by Zhao Songxue have been regarded as social gifts.
Spring Festival couplets are the most traditional folk custom in China. After the New Year, beautifully printed Spring Festival couplets expressing good wishes will be posted on the doors of every household. However, this year, some people's Spring Festival couplets have changed. These Spring Festival couplets are not printed, but handwritten. Looking at these handwritten Spring Festival couplets can not help but arouse people's memories of the past.
Spring Festival couplets were originally called "Taofu", and were called Spring Festival couplets only after the Ming Dynasty. Spring Festival couplets are a unique literary form that embodies the life interest of China people. It began in the Five Dynasties, flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has a history of more than 1 years. "New Year in Qing Yu, Festival in Changchun" is the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China. Later, with the popularity of Spring Festival couplets, some Spring Festival couplets were also written on bamboo boards and wooden boards.