(1) Organizational measures Strengthening organizational leadership is the key to good dust prevention work. Leaders of factories and mines with a lot of dust operations should have dedicated personnel in charge of dust prevention matters; establish and improve dust prevention institutions, formulate dust prevention work plans and necessary rules and regulations, and effectively implement comprehensive dust prevention measures; establish a dust monitoring system, and large factories and mines should have dedicated personnel Dust measurement personnel and medical personnel should put forward requirements for dust measurement work, conduct regular inspections and provide guidance, measure dust at regular intervals and at fixed points, and evaluate the improvement of working conditions and the effectiveness of technical measures. We should do a good job in publicizing dust prevention, from leaders to employees, so that everyone can understand the hazards of dust and do a good job in dust prevention according to their responsibilities and obligations.
(2) Technical measures Technical measures are the central measures to prevent dust hazards. They mainly focus on controlling dust-generating operations and operations that do not meet dust prevention requirements. The purpose is to eliminate or reduce the generation and escape of productive dust. , and reduce the dust concentration in the working environment as much as possible.
l) Reforming the process and innovating production equipment are the fundamental ways to eliminate dust hazards. It should start from all aspects such as production process design, equipment selection, and dust-generating machinery should have equipment that meets dust-proof requirements before leaving the factory. For example, closed wind pipelines are used for transportation, negative pressure sand suction, etc. are used to eliminate flying dust, silicon-free substances are used instead of quartz, iron shot sandblasting is used instead of quartz sandblasting, etc.
2) Wet operation is an economical, easy and effective measure to prevent dust from flying. It can be used for any operation that can be wet-produced. For example, wet rock drilling, tunnel washing, air inlet purification, etc. in mines, wet crushing or spraying of quartz, ore, etc., wet mixing in the glass and ceramics industry, wet sand modeling, wet unpacking sand cleaning, and chemical cleaning in the foundry industry. Sand etc.
3) Sealing, suction and dust removal. For dust-producing positions where wet operations cannot be performed, closed air suction and dust removal methods should be used. All equipment that can generate dust should be sealed as much as possible, and local mechanical suction should be used to maintain a certain negative pressure in the sealed equipment to prevent dust from escaping. The extracted dusty air must undergo dust removal and purification before it can be discharged to avoid polluting the atmosphere.
(3) Health care measures to prevent the harm of dust to human health. The first step is to eliminate or reduce the source of occurrence, which is the most fundamental measure. The second is to reduce the concentration of dust in the air. The last step is to reduce the chance of dust entering the human body and reduce the hazards of dust. Health care measures are the last link in prevention. Although they are auxiliary measures, they still occupy an important position.
1) Personal protection and personal hygiene. Wearing a suitable dust mask becomes an important measure for operations that are restricted by conditions and the dust concentration does not meet the allowable concentration standard. Dust masks should have high dust filtration rate, high air permeability, light weight, and not affect workers' vision and operation. Carry out physical exercise and pay attention to nutrition. It is of certain significance to enhance physical fitness and improve resistance. In addition, you should pay attention to personal hygiene habits and do not smoke. Comply with the dust-proof operating procedures and strictly implement the system of not working without wearing a dust-proof mask.
2) Pre-employment and regular physical examinations. New workers engaged in dust operations must undergo health examinations. The purpose is mainly to discover contraindications to employment in dust operations and serve as health information. The purpose of regular physical examinations is to detect the damage to health caused by dust at an early stage, and to promptly remove workers from dust-related operations if they are found to have diseases that make it inappropriate to engage in dust operations.
3) Protect patients with pneumoconiosis to receive appropriate arrangements and enjoy due treatment permitted by national policies. They should be assessed for their labor ability and properly placed.